Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols

8/14/2019 Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols

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Jacek PiskozubInstitute of Oceanology PAS

Sopot, Poland

Ho Chi Minh City, December 2007

Lecture 2:

Marine aerosol source function:approaching the consensus


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Jacek PiskozubHi Chi Minh City lectures, December 2007

Ecosystem approach to valuation of marine coasts: examples fromBaltic Sea (authored by J. M. Wsawski)

Marine aerosol source function: approaching the consensus

Ocean as the sink and source of climatically important gases

Air sea interaction in the global scale: from multidecadal variability toArctic Oscillation

Climate change threats, Part I: Changes in the climate of the tropic

Climate change threats, Part II: Arctic climate and global sea level


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Air-Sea Interaction Laboratory, IOPAS, Sopot

Assoc Prof. Jacek Piskozub, D.Sc. - Head of the LaboratoryDr. Violetta DrozdowskaDr. Tomasz PetelskiDr. Tymon Zieliski

M. Sc. Agniesznka Ponczkowska (graduate student)M. Sc. Magda Dynakowska (graduate student)Eng. Mirosaw IrczukLongin Stojek


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Andreas A review of sea spray generation function for the open ocean

Mechanisms of marine aerosol generation


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Andreas A review of sea spray generation function for the open ocean

A proposition of getting closer to consensus:let's delete the outliers and all function that are not U3 dependant


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Anguelova et al. (NRL) Effects of Environmental Variables in Sea Spray GenerationFunction via Whitecap Coverage

dF

dr=f U

10f r W U

10f r

Various whitecap coverage parametrizations

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Wind speed, U10 (m s-1

)

Whitecapcoverag

e,W(%)

Monahan '71Wilheit '79M&O'M '80 RBFM&O'M '80 OLSBondur&Sharkov'82 A

Bondur&Sharkov'82 BPandey&Kakar 82Monahan et al. '83Spillane et al'86 coldSpillane et al'86 moder.Spillane et al'86 warmM&O'M 86 dT=0 (neutral)

Bortk'87, A+B, coldBortk'87, A+B, moderBortk'87, A+B, warm

Wu '88Mon&Woolf'89, AMonhan '93 visc., AMonhan '93 visc., BAsher&Wann'98, AHanson&Phillips'99, no


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R/V Oceania

Foto: Adam Blok


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10/38Foto: Adam Blok


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)]/()/([)()( 12*12 LzfLzfNzNzN

07.0/

0/07.0

/0

)/(2.125.0

/ln

/10/ln

)/(

3/1

Lz

Lz

Lz

Lz

Lz

LzLz

Lzf

zNzN )ln()( *


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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

x 106

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

3

N[1/m3]

log(z)

all sizesN*log(z)+C0.5-1.01.0-1.51.5-2.02.0-2.5

0 5 10 15

x 106

2

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3

N 1/m3

log(z

)

all sizesN*log(z)+C0.5-1.01.0-1.51.5-2.02.0-2.5

10

2

10

4

10

6

10

82

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3

3

log(z)

all sizN*log0.5-1.

1.0-1.1.5-2.

2.0-2.2.5-3.3.0-3.

3.5-4.4.0-4.

4.5-5.5.0-5.5.5-6.6.0-6.6.5-7.

7.0-7.


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FE = A < dE > + B

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 20.72

0.74

0.76

0.78

0.8

0.82

0.84

0.86

0.88

0.9

r (0.65) = 0.873447max

r(2/3) = 0.873444

exponent

r

3/2

53

4

2

3dEaN

hadE

haNd

d


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3/220`1

2/13/1

4/1

UaH

g

s

w


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Summary

-Aerosol emission from open sea areas my be parameterised

with a linear function of dissipation energy in power 2/3

BUaHg

AFs

w

E

3/22

01

2/13/1

4/1

-Aerosol emission from Baltic sea surface

may be described as:

were: A=1.52 ; B=1.6 10-7

Problems to solve:

-Finding a parameterisation of emission

flux for different wave ages

-Verifying the parameterisation using

experimental wave data


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Measurement stations of r/v "Oceania" in the Norwegian andGreenland Seas in recent summers

SGF for different win speed: comparison of our North Atlantic


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0 1 2 3 4 5 610

1

102

103

104

105

106

Particle radius r [m]

Flux[m-2s-

1m

-1]

U = 10 m/sdry dep.AndreasSmithMonahan methodgradient aprox.

gradient data

0 1 2 3 4 5 610

1

102

103

10

4

105

106

U = 8 m/s


Flux[m-2s-

1

m-1]

dry dep.AndreasSmithMonahan methodgradient aprox.gradient data

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 810

0

101

102

103

104

105

106

U = 7 m/s


Flux[m-2s-

1m

-1]

dry dep.AndreasSmithMonahan method

gradient aprox.gradient data

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 810-1

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

U = 6 m/s


Flux

[m-2s-

1m

-1]

dry dep.Andreas

SmithMonahan methodgradient aprox.gradient data

SGF for different win speed: comparison of our North Atlanticdata (stars) and calculated functions to literature functions


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Andreas 2007 (submitted to JGR)

How do we fit? 1/2


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Andreas 2007 (submitted to JGR)

How do we fit? 2/2


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Lewis E. (Brookhaven) Methods of Determining Sea Salt Aerosol Production Fluxand Their Applicability to Different Size Classes

Temperature effect?


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Sea Spray Source Functions: influence oftemperature

5oC

-2oC

15oC

23oC

Lab experiments, Mrtensson et al., JGR 2003


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The effect of salinity change on thenumber, and size of bubbles

produced from a bucket spillNote: The ordinate on theHigh Salinity plot iscompressed by a factorof 10 compared to the

ordinate on the fresh-water plot.

See Monahan, Q. Wang,X. Wang, and Wilson(1994).See also Carey,

Fitzgerald, Monahan,and Q. Wang (1993), andQ. Wang and Monahan(1995).

Monahan E. C. (Univ. of Connecticut) Assessing Global Sea Spray Aerosol Production fromEstimates of Global Oceanic Whitecap Coverage


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Circumstantial Evidence thatOrganics on the Sea Surface can

Markedly Affect Aerosol ProductionNote in this figure fromWoolf and Monahan(1987, inAerosols and

Climate, P.V. Hobbsand M.P. McCormick,eds) the change inaerosol production withtime, and with the

presumed developmentof a surface slick in thetank.

0.25m < r < 2.5 m

r > 2.5 mMonahan E. C. (Univ. of Connecticut) Assessing Global Sea Spray Aerosol Production fromEstimates of Global Oceanic Whitecap Coverage


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Power Law Expressions for theDependence of WA and WB upon U10

WB = U

Citation0.00044 2 Blanchard (1963)

0.0000135 3.4 ECM (1971)

0.000012* 3.3 ECM (1969)

0.00000775 3.23 Tang (1974)

0.00000200 3.75* Wu (1979)

0.00000155 3.75* Wu (1979)

0.0000017 3.75* Wu (1979)

0.00000295 3.52 ECM&IOM (1980)

0.00000384 3.41 ECM&IOM (1980)

0.0000195 2.55 w.T term M&OM(86)

xxxxxxxx 3.08 IOM&ECM (1986)

0.00000637 3.12 Wang (unpub.)

0.0000458 2.47* Wang (unpub.)

WA = U

Citation0.000000452 3.31 Wang (unpub)

0.00000263 2.90* Wang (unpub.)0.000000458 3.09 ECM et al

(1988)

0.000000316 3.2 ECM (2001)

Monahan E. C. (Univ. of Connecticut) Assessing Global Sea Spray Aerosol Production fromEstimates of Global Oceanic Whitecap Coverage


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Anguelova et al. (NRL) Effects of Environmental Variables in Sea Spray Generation Function viaWhitecap Coverage

Alternative method: remote sensing of sea surfaceemissivity.

Same magnitude; Different spatial

features:

-180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180

90

60

30

0

-30

-60

-90

Longitude

Lat

itude

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

Whitecap coverage, W

March 1998 W U10

3

-180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180

90

60

30

0

-30

-60

-90

Alt ti th d t i f f


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Anguelova et al. (NRL) Effects of Environmental Variables in Sea Spray Generation Function viaWhitecap Coverage

Magnitude; Trend:

Suppression at highwinds;

Enhancement at

moderatewinds.

Variability!

Alternative method: remote sensing of sea surfaceemissivity. Validation with previous data


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Turbulent fluxes: correlation eddy method (sonic anemometer)

O'Dowd C.E. et al. (Galway) Primary Marine Aerosol Turbulent Flux Measurements atMace Head


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0 1 2 3 4

0

1

2

3

4

5

5x(cm)

100 200300 500 1000 200030005000

r(m)

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

(

# m

- 1 )

M

( M o

l

m - 1

)

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

MFit

3

~r-2.8

~r-2.4

-0

.9

~r

Plume bubbles: image anddistribution

Ira Leifer (Marine Science Institute, Goleta, CA) Bubble Plumes from Breaking

Waves during LUMINY


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The next iteration: Whitecaps andBubble Plumes the gateleg table

Rather like the blind-folded person sizingup the elephant: The

acoustician graspsthe large, old,microbubbleplumes, while the

camera sees the newalpha plumes

Monahan E. C. (Univ. of Connecticut) Assessing Global Sea Spray Aerosol Productionfrom Estimates of Global Oceanic Whitecap Coverage


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Thank youfor attention

Vietnam Lecture2 Aerosols

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