Footings & Foundations

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Footings & Foundations

Foundation Components

Footing

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Footings & Foundations

Foundation Components

(to attach wood stud sill plate)

(to keep water off of foundation wall)

(separates slab from foundation wall)

(to keep water off of slab)

(to keep water off of slab & moisture barrier)(moves water away from building)

(moves water away from building)

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Footings & Foundations

Foundation Types

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Footings & Foundations

Site Preparation

•Remove trees and any debris

•Remove top soil (4-6” below surface)

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Footings & Foundations

Site Layout

•Ensure lot lines are known & setbacks are complete

•Layout building perimeter

•Use batter boards

•Establish building corners & building perimeter

•Use surveying instruments

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Footings & Foundations

Excavation

•Excavate foundation along line created by batter boards

•Excavate remainder of soil inside perimeter

•Don’t excavate inside soil if slab on grade

•If deep foundation, taper edges to prevent collapse

•If soil unstable, or very deep - use shoring

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Footings & Foundations

Pour Footings

•Construct formwork (if required)

•Install reinforcement (rebar) for footings

•(protrudes above footing to tie-into foundation wall)

•Pour concrete footings

•Smooth / finish surface

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Footings & Foundations

Pour Slab on Grade

•Install gravel base (to keep water off of slab)

•Install moisture barrier (to keep water off of slab)

•Install reinforcement (welded wire fabric)

•Pour concrete slab

•Finish slab surface

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Footings & Foundations

Pour Concrete Foundation Walls

•Construct formwork (include sleeves / doors / windows)

•Install reinforcement into formwork

•Pour concrete foundation wall

•Install anchor bolts into semi-cured concrete

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Footings & Foundations

Pour Concrete Foundation Walls

•Allow concrete to cure adequately (7-10 days)

•Strip forms

•Apply waterproofing

•Install perimeter drain tile

•Backfill

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Footings & Foundations

Install Concrete Block Foundation Walls

•Allow concrete footing to properly cure

•Install first course of concrete block on bed of mortar

•Continue to lay block on top of first course until desired height reached

•Install horizontal reinforcement as courses proceed

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Footings & Foundations

Install Concrete Block Foundation Walls

•Install vertical reinforcement at significant heights

•Install grout into cells with vertical reinforcement

•Tool joints and clean masonry

•Install waterproofing

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Footings & Foundations

Rules of Thumb

•Footing shall be below frost line

•Footing width usually 2x height

•Typical size (24” wide x 12” tall)

•Rebar is usually 3” from edge of concrete

•Crawl spaces should have rigid insulation along the interior face of the foundation wall

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