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A GIS application for regional planning

' ^ ^A. Bonfiglio', C. Cosmi^, V. Cuomo^, M. Macchiato^,

L. Mangiamele\ L. Minervini^ & M. Salvia^

' Istituto di Metodologie Avanzate di Analisi Ambientali -

Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche - Universita Federico II-Via Cintia, 80126NapoliIstituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Mater ia - Unita di

Napoli - Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli* Dipartimento Ingegneria e Fisica deirAmbiente - Universitadelta Basilicata - Via della Tecnica, 85100 Potenzae-mail: Man£iamele(a),vxtito. area.pz. cnr. it

Abstract

The aim of this work is to perform a local environmental-energy planningstrategy in the framework of a regional plan for air quality recovering andprotection.In order to consider the complex relationship among the different variablesinvolved (socio-economical. Environmental), a global approach to the problemhas been adopted to represent local energy system. The first step of the study hasdealt with the set-up of a database which can be utilised from different modelschosen for the system's characterisation.Preliminary thematic maps have been carried out to describe the differentdemand sectors on a municipal scale, emphasising the most important features ofthe investigated system and pointing out the homogeneous areas, allowing theplanner to differentiate the recovering interventions. The thematic mapsunderline the role of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in the steps ofplanning process, either in performing the preliminary characterisation of theterritory and in determining solutions suited for the local problems.

Transactions on Information and Communications Technologies vol 18, © 1998 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3517

232 GIS Technologies and their Environmental Applications

Introduction

A regional air quality and recovery plan, e.g. DM', must give an

exhaustive and comprehensive description of the territory (land-use,

emissions sources, evaluation of atmospheric emissions, demographic

characterisation, etc.) and must define, at the same time, the objectives

and the instruments to improve the quality of environment and human

life. Therefore the principal issues of a planning strategy must be:

1. the characterisation of the territory and the individuation of areas with

specific problems;

2. the optimisation of air quality monitoring networks regarding either

pollutants and meteorological parameters;

3. the optimisation of the anthropic activities system to carry out the best

resource management from an economic-environmental point of view;

4. the definition of operative tools to carry out effective abatement

strategies;

5. the definition of updating procedures, to take into account system's

evolution.

A GIS can represent the core of the planning panel (figure 1) allowing

one to manage easily different database to interface data and models and

to visualise the information by means of thematic maps, e.g. Cuomo\

In this framework, it is very important to utilise flexible tools and

comprehensive models, capable of integrating the information coming

form different fields and of performing an analysis of the local system in

which all the components are taken into account.


GIS Technologies and their Environmental Applications 233

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t1 EMISSIONS CENSUS

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Figure 1: Planning Procedure

Software Environment

A crucial point is represented by the data collection, that must be able to

describe in a satisfying way all the anthropic activities (Residential,

Services, Industry, Agriculture and Transportation) concerning either the

energy uses and the produced emissions. In this case study, collected data

have been organised into a relational database by using MS Access,

whereas tabular data have been subsequently elaborated by using MS

Excel in order to make them available for further elaboration in a GIS



environment and to extract the information for the models utilised.

Concerning the geographic information, municipal and provincial

boundaries have been managed by using the Arclnfo software package,

e.g. Understanding GIS\ while an ArcView GIS has been useful to carry

out the thematic maps.

The anthropic activities local system

The census of the anthropic activities is aimed to the classification and

characterisation the pollutant processes and the emission sources. In the

description of the energy system features, a bottom-up approach, e.g.

Macchiato*, has been used to build up the entire system from its

components, integrating the socio-economic and technological data it

with the geographical information layer. In particular, data have been

collected on a municipal scale to point out the homogeneous areas and to

evaluate easily the consequences of regional policies on a smaller scale.

Basilicata region is located in Southern Italy: it has 131 municipalities

and nearly 600.000 inhabitants. There are two chief town (Potenza e

Matera) with the highest population density (more than 50.000

inhabitants each one). Starting from data census, some thematic maps

have been produced to show demographic flows, consumptions, energy

end-use, transportation networks. Demographic flows which occurred in

Basilicata from 1991 to 1995, e.g. ISTAT̂ , emphasise five areas more

interested by population growth (figure 2). These are the surroundings of

the two chief towns, in which most of the territory activities are located,

the South-east zone, which is a sea resort place, the Val d'Agri, in which

there was a recent development of oil-extraction activities, and the

Vulture basin, one of industrial areas. Figure 3 shows an insight on

density of employees in the productive sector, e.g. ISTAT̂ . It can be seen

that nearly the 90% of productive activities have less than 3 employees

and nearly the 50% of working people are concentrated in only seven

municipalities. Moreover, the comparison between the previous maps of



igure 2: Demographical flows from 1991 to 1995



50 - 500

500-1000

>1000

no data

Figure 3: Density of employees in the productive sector



points out that the zones characterised by a positive demographic flow are

almost coincident with the ones with highest employees density. Figure 4

shows the distribution of heating plants in Residential, e.g. ISTAT̂ and

Pipparelir. Heating plants are more diffused in areas with a higher

population density. In particular single family house boilers are the most

utilised in zone served by gas grid and there is a high diffusion of stoves

and fireplaces elsewhere. Figure 5 shows the natural gas consumption.

The gas grid connects only 63 municipalities for civil uses and 23

municipalities for industrial uses, e.g. SNAM®. It can still be noticed that

the areas with the highest consumption are also the ones with increased

development of the anthropic activities.

Conclusions

Air Quality Protection and Recovery Plan is a planning scheme for

designing air quality strategies, which regards the whole regional

anthropic activities system. The coupling of GIS techniques and

Advanced Local Energy Planning methods, e.g. Fedra*, contributes to the

development of air quality policies suited to the local necessities. In the

framework thematic maps can be an useful tool to outline the situation

both on regional and on municipal scale. Relatively to the Basilicata

Region features, we have distinguished six homogeneous areas: the

Vulture zone, in which most of the main industries are located (as FIAT-

SATA plant and FENICE incinerator platform); Potenza and Matera

towns and their surrounding; the Ionic sea coastal area, characterised by

agricultural and sea-resort activities; the Val d'Agri, interested by oil

mining activities; an inner zone with a lower density of population, which

activities are interesting from a naturalistic point of view.

The following step will be the localisation of the emissions sources, for

all the anthropic activities sectors and a representation of the ground level

concentration maps of the main pollutants. These maps will give the basis

on which the results of the abatement strategies will be compared.



Diffusion of heating plants

min - 0.850.85 - 0.950.95 - max

(chart)muttifamily house boilerssingle family house boilersother household appliances

Radius indicates total appliances

i Civil NGA Network

Figure 4: Heating Plants Distribution in House Buildings



Residential-Servicestoe]

%/% <900

| 900 - 2600

y 2600-5000

> 5000

Industrial

a Textile

Cement

| Mechanical

•Ea Food and Drinks

Brick-works

| Paper

| Plastics

I Metallurgical

I - ' \ Chemical

gure 5: Natural Gas Consumption



References

[1] DM 20/5/91 Criteri per I'elaborazione del piani regional! per il

risanamento e la tutela delta qualita dell'aria, G. U. 31/5/91.

[2] Cuomo V., Macchiato M., Cosmi C, Mangiamele L., Salvia ML,

Conte E., Minervini L., Definition of a Regional Plan for Air Quality

Protection and Recovery, Proceedings of (he joint meeting oflEA-Annex

33 "Advanced Local Energy Planning" and lEA-ETSAP/Annex VI, /'

Workshop, Roma, 1997.

[3] Understanding GIS - The Arc/Info Method, Environmental Systems

Research Institute, Inc., Redlands CA, U.S.A., 1992.

[4] Macchiato M., Cosmi C., Ragosta M. and Tosato G. - Atmospheric

Emission reduction and abatement costs in regional environmental

Planning, Journal of Environmental Management, 41, pp. 141-156, 1994.

[5] ISTAT, Popolazione e Abitazioni - Basilicata, 13° Censimento

Generate della Popolazione e delle Abitazioni 1991 (1993).

[6] ISTAT, Impresa Istituzioni e unita locali - Basilicata, 7° Censimento

GeneraledelPIndustriaedeiServizi 1991 (1994).

[7] Pipparelli M., Chiala S., Gli usi finali di energia nel settore civile,

Conferenza "The final Uses of energy: experiences, studies, results",

Castelgandolfo, 1992.

[8] SNAM S.p.A., Compendio Provincial della Distribuzione di Gas

mediante Reti Urbane, Roma 1994.

[9] Fedra K., Greppin H., Haurie A., Hussy C., Dao, Hy and Kanal,

GENIE: An Integrated Environmental Information and Decision Support

System for Geneva. Part I: Air Quality, pp.247-263, Arch.Sci.Geneve,

Vol.49, Fasc.3, 1996.


Section 4

Data Acquisition


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