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VESTIBULER

Mendeteksi percepatan linier:- utrikulus horizontal- sakulus vertikal

Mendeteksi percepatan anguler:- canalis semisirkularis

horizontal (lateral)sagital (anterior) vertikalfrontal (posterior)

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Utriculus & Saculus

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Canalis Semisirkularis

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Canalis Semisirkularis

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Nystagmus: refleks utk menjaga fiksasi penglihatan,

tdd komponen lambat & cepat

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Nystagmus

a) Komponen lambat (vestibulo-ocular-reflex)/VORReseptor: vestibulerAferen: N.VIIIPusat: oculomotor nucleiEferen: N.III, N.IV, N.VIEfektor: otot penggerak bola mata (berlawanan arah rotasi)

b) Komponen cepat (stretch reflex)Otot bola mata teregang muscle spindlekontraksi (searah rotasi)

Nystagmus umumnya horizontal, tetapi dpt pula vertikal(kepala miring) atau berputar (kepala tertunduk)

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Vertigo: sensasi berputar tanpa ada putaran ygsesungguhnya

Caloric stimulation:Perbedaan suhu konveksi gerakan cupula

nystagmus & nausea

Spatial Orientation Motion Sickness Menieres disease: fluid imbalance in inner ear

(vestibular apparatus & cochlea), simptom:vertigo, loss of hearing, ringing in the ears

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BARANY ROTATION TEST Barany introduced a routine clinical test that involves

observation of the post-rotatory responses after a patient isspun around several times in specially designed swivelchair.

post-rotatory nystagmus, abnormanalities in standing &walking, falling, and a past-pointing error can be obeserved

NystagmusThe eyes remain fixed on their original point of focus,

so that they must diverge slowly towards the left to

compensate for rotation of the body to the right. When thelimit to which the eyes can be rotated laterally is exceeded,they snap quickly back to the right and select a new point of fixation. These alternate slow and quick movements of theeyes are called nystagmus.

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Falling

The subject would be expected to fall towards the sideof flexion, which in the case of post-rotatory reflexeswould be in the same direction as the rotation. However,since proprioceptors in the trunk & limbs are stillfunctioning, he may over-correct this tendency and staggerover towards the extended side.

Past Ponting ErrorOccurs when the subject with eyes closed is instructed

to repeatedly extend his arm to touch an object directly in

front of him, successive movement will deviate in thedirection opposite to his sensation of vertigo.(Wiggers 1955: 171-174