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Transcript of Vermi presentation edited 062411
VERMICULTURE AND
VERMICOMPOSTING
Presented by: Mary Rose F. Laguindam
July 14 2010
1
TERMINOLOGIES
1. Vermi – worm/earthworm
July 14 2010
Mary Rose F. Laguindam
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2. Vermiculture – the science of breeding and raising earthworm
3.Vermiculturist – a person who farms, breeds and cares for vermi/worms
4. Vermicasts- excreta of worms
TERMINOLOGIESJuly 14 2010
Mary Rose F. Laguindam
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-consist of organic matter that has undergone physical and chemical breakdown through the activity of the muscular gizzard grinds the material
- rich source of macro and micronutrients, vitamins, enzymes, antibiotics, growth hormones and microflora
TERMINOLOGIES
5. Vermicomposting – use of worms for composting organic materials
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6. Vermicompost – the product of vermicomposting containing worm castings, bedding materials as well as organic matter in various stages of decomposition
7. Vermi tea – a water extract of compost that is brewed
ADVANTAGES/BENEFITSJuly 14 2010
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Serve as natural food for fish, birds and mammals
Improves soil aeration, texture, structure and fertility and reduces soil compaction
Enhances microbial activity that promotes plant growth and health
ADVANTAGES/BENEFITSJuly 14 2010
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It does not have any adverse effect on soil, plant and environment
Vermicompost is an ecofriendly natural fertilizer prepared from biodegradable organic wastes and is free from chemical inputs
It improves water retention capacity of soil because of its high organic matter content
ADVANTAGES/BENEFITSJuly 14 2010
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It promotes better root growth and nutrient absorption
It improves nutrient status of soil both macro-nutrients and micro- nutrients
Increases population of beneficial microorganisms
Prevents plant pests and diseases
ADVANTAGES/BENEFITSJuly 14 2010
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Accelerates plant growth and promotes flowering and fruiting
Minimizes farm inputs
Vermicomposting is more effective as an organic fertilizer than ordinary compost
No overdose
Minimizes foul odor
ADVANTAGES/BENEFITSJuly 14 2010
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Turns trash to cash
Highly profitable, both the worms and castings are saleable
PRINCIPLESJuly 14 2010
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Similar to ordinary composting except that earthworms (vermi) are added In ordinary composting microorganisms (i.e,: bacteria and fungi) are “decomposers” while in vermicomposting, microorganisms and earthworms “soil engineers” work together, thus, hasten the process and gives more quality on the compost suitable for organic farming
PRINCIPLESJuly 14 2010
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Vermicompost does not heat Vermicompost may be low in NPK but contains essential micronutrients (e.g., calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, iron and zinc) not found in “complete fertilizers” The quality of vermicompost depends on the materials used and the processes applied
PRINCIPLESJuly 14 2010
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Vermicompost has microbial activities that promote plant health and pest/disease resistance
Actions of vermi in the composting process has the benefits/advantages of:
CARBON-NITROGEN ratio for digestible nutrients by plants
PRINCIPLESJuly 14 2010
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Compost-feeding earthworms (e.g. African nightcrawler) digest organic matter in their alimentary tract and produce “sanitized, deodorized and texturized” humus (castings)
Vermicompost consisting of castings and undigested organic matter contains plant growth regulators (i.e., auxins, gibberelins and humic acid)
ANATOMY OF VERMIJuly 14 2010
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BIOLOGY OF VERMIJuly 14 2010
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Number of Earthworm Species 4,000 in the world 400 in the Philippines
Characteristics
They have 2 tubes (one inside the other). The inner tube is a digestive system which can be seen outside as a dark line inside the worm. The black color is actually the food in the digestive tract
Simple animals
BIOLOGY OF VERMIJuly 14 2010
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Characteristics Worms are segmented where each segment is the same except for the head and a larger band called the clitellum
The clitellum ( or band) contains many glands which secrete mucus to make the walls of a cocoon in which fertilized eggs are deposited. The cocoon is then left to hatch in the soil
BIOLOGY OF VERMIJuly 14 2010
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Characteristics
The head is the end which moves forward and has a mouth but no eyes since worms are always underground in the darknessThe body walls contain many nerve receptors that taste chemical changes (or smell) / and detect light (see) in their environment
Free-living, beneficial, terrestial invertebrates
BIOLOGY OF VERMIJuly 14 2010
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Characteristics
They wriggle by moving their front- half forward, anchor it with small hair-like structures called setae then they pull their back-half forward
Casting, which are excreted wastes and dirt clumps, show up on the surface of the ground
Average weight of breeder earthworm is 1.0 to 1.5 grams
BIOLOGY OF VERMIJuly 14 2010
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Characteristics
Active at night (nocturnal)
Many are migratory
Feed on microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) in the soil
Hermaphroditic (have both sex organs)
Breathe through their skin
BIOLOGY OF VERMIJuly 14 2010
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Introduced in the Philippines in 1982 by Dr. Otto Graffctive at night (nocturnal)
Eudrilus eugeniae (African nightcrawler) comes from West Africa
Most extensively cultured species in the tropics
Origin
BIOLOGY OF VERMIJuly 14 2010
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Cocoons (eggs) to Juveniles (young) - 2 weeksActive at night (nocturnal) Many are migratory
Life Cycle
Juveniles (young) to Adult (Breeder) - 2 weeks
Breeding worms can lay 2 to 5 cocoons per week that will hatch in 21 days and mature in 60 to 90 days
BIOLOGY OF VERMIJuly 14 2010
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Cocoon (eggs) stage Many are migratory
Juvenile (young) stage
Adult (Breeder) stage
BIOLOGY OF VERMIJuly 14 2010
Mary Rose F. Laguindam
23A pair of vermi copulating
BIOLOGY OF VERMIJuly 14 2010
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Life Span1-2 years in natureMore than 10 years in captivity
The African nightcrawler can grow to more than 30 cm in length and 3 grams each
Growth Rate
CULTURAL REQUIREMENTJuly 14 2010
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Moisture (40-80%) bacteriagratory
Oxygen needed for respiration Not water-logged
Aeration
For maintenance of body fluids (80% > of body weight)
Temperature Cold-blooded 20-30 C
CULTURAL REQUIREMENTJuly 14 2010
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Feed on microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) in the soil
Active at night (nocturnal) Many are migratory
Organic Matter (decomposed plants and animal matter)
At least 2% to provide substrate for microorganisms C:N Ratio (proportions of carbon and nitrogen)
WHAT TURNS WORM OFF?July 14 2010
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LightHeatToo much waterMeat
Egg shellsDomestic animal waste (dog cat, pig)
Tomato seeds
Citrus
Cheese
STEPS IN VERMICULTURE AND VERMICOMPOSTING
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1. Site Selection
The area must be shady, near water source, accessible to transportation and have abundant source of compost materials
STEPS IN VERMICULTURE AND VERMICOMPOSTING
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2. Wormbed preparationa. Clean and level the soil
b. Construct wormbeds and “trilis”
Kind of materials to be used and size of wormbeds to be constructed depend on choice of the project owner
c. Put empty sacks at the base of the wormbed
VERMI BEDSJuly 14 2010
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Engr. Edgar ErumCity Heights, GSC
VERMI BEDSJuly 14 2010
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Engr. Edgar ErumCity Heights, GSC
VERMI BEDSJuly 14 2010
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Engr. Edgar ErumCity Heights, GSC
VERMI BEDSJuly 14 2010
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Bethel Trading CooperativePurok 6, Ligaya, GSC
VERMI BEDSJuly 14 2010
Mary Rose F. Laguindam
34 Bethel Trading CooperativePurok 6, Ligaya, GSC
VERMI BEDSJuly 14 2010
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Elmar LaguindamPurok 6, Ligaya GSC
VERMI BEDSJuly 14 2010
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Elmar LaguindamPurok 6, Ligaya GSC
VERMI BEDSJuly 14 2010
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Elmar LaguindamPurok 6, Ligaya GSC
VERMI BEDSJuly 14 2010
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Elmar LaguindamPurok 6, Ligaya GSC
VERMI BEDSJuly 14 2010
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Capt. James ReamonLagao General Santos City
VERMI BEDS.
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International Care Ministry of the Philippines, Inc.Fatima, General Santos City
VERMI BEDSJuly 14 2010
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Source: A Livelihood Project for the Environment by the Inmates of Talisay City Jail Talisay City, Cebu BJMPRO - VII
VERMI BEDSJuly 14 2010
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General Santos City Food Terminal (“Bagsakan”
STEPS IN VERMICULTURE AND VERMICOMPOSTING
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3. Preparation of feeding materials
a. Selection of feeding materialsIdentify materials rich in nitrogen
Kakawate Katuray leaves Ipilipil Monggo Peanut Animal manure Other leguminous plants
STEPS IN VERMICULTURE AND VERMICOMPOSTING
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Identify materials rich in carbon
Grass Saw dust Rice straw Coco dust Corn stalks Paper Wood
STEPS IN VERMICULTURE AND VERMICOMPOSTING
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Choose either of the following combinations : shredded fresh grass + kakawate, ipil-ipil (3:1)
cow manure + sawdust (3:1)
manure + ipil-ipil or kakawate (2:1)
rice straw + manure (1:1)
STEPS IN VERMICULTURE AND VERMICOMPOSTING
July 14 2010
Mary Rose F. Laguindam
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sawdust + ipil-ipil (3:1)
compost / rice straw + corn barn (1:1)
Engr. Edgar Erum’s Practice: 45% goat manure 45% coconut sawdust 10% carbonized rice hull
grasses + chicken manure (3:1)
STEPS IN VERMICULTURE AND VERMICOMPOSTING
July 14 2010
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Elmar Laguindam’s Practice: A – plant wastes (banana bracts/ peels/leaves, rice straws, coco sawdust, madre de cacao/ipil-ipil leaves) + animal manure (3:1)
B - plant wastes (banana bracts madre de cacao/ ipil-ipil leaves + animal manure (1:1)
STEPS IN VERMICULTURE AND VERMICOMPOSTING
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b. Filing of substrates at the wormbeds: Mixed filing
Sandwich filing
c. Water the wormbeds
STEPS IN VERMICULTURE AND VERMICOMPOSTING
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d. Cover the vermibeds with plastic sheet , tarpaulin, laminated sacks to initiate anaerobic decomposition
e. Remove plastic sheet /tarpaulin or laminated sack after 15 days to lower the temperature of the substrate (aerobic decomposition)
STEPS IN VERMICULTURE AND VERMICOMPOSTING
July 14 2010
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4. Introduction of vermi into the substrate
Scatter vermi at the vermibed at the rate of 1 kg per square meter
CARE AND MAINTENANCEJuly 14 2010
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Conduct regular monitoring
Water wormbeds when necessary to
maintain moisture requirement of feeding substrates and vermi
Cover wormbeds with net or plant leaves to protect vermi from direct sunlight and predators (duck, chicken, turkey, birds and other animals)
HARVESTINGJuly 14 2010
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Harvest the vermi, vermicast and vermicompost after 2 to 3 months
a. Handpicking Pick the worms by hand, put the harvested worms in a container and transfer them to a new bed. Sift the vermicompost if finer compost is desired.
HARVESTINGJuly 14 2010
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Feed on microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) in the soil Active at night (nocturnal) Many are migratory
b. Pyramid piling of vermicompost
Pile the vermicompost in pyramid, let it stay for 1 day so that worms will go down the bottom pile to easily harvest the top part, when bottom portion is reached, worms can be easily extracted manually.
HARVESTINGJuly 14 2010
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Feed on microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) in the soil Active at night (nocturnal) Many are migratory
c. Moving of contents to one side
Move the contents of the whole bed to one side and fill the other half with new compost materials. The worms will move to the new food. Harvest the casts/compost left by the worms.
HARVESTINGJuly 14 2010
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Feed on microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) in the soil Active at night (nocturnal) Many are migratory
d. Use of fresh food in an onion/garlic bag
Fill an onion/garlic bag with fresh food then bury in the bed for a week. Worms will transfer in the bag for new food. Empty the bag in a new wormbed. Harvest the casts/compost.
HARVESTINGJuly 14 2010
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Feed on microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) in the soil Active at night (nocturnal) Many are migratory
e. Use of screen
Put screen on top of the bed then put fresh food on top of the screen. Worms will go up the screen for fresh food. Remove the screen and put it on top of a new worm bed. The worms will move down the bed for a new food. Harvest the cast/compost in the bed left by the worms.Note: If finer compost is desired, sift the vermicompost with a 3/16” mesh wire
POST-HARVEST HANDLING
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Air-dry newly harvested vermicast/vermicompost) Many are migratory
Avoid vermi, vermicast and vermicompost from exposure to sunlight
Pack air-dried vermicast/ vermicompost and store in a cool and dry place or store in a concrete storage or box or ventilated building
Mary Rose F. Laguindam
POST-HARVEST HANDLING
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For longer storage, water thevermicast/vermicompost to maintain the nutrients and enzymes present in the vermicast/ vermicompost
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Take good care of your worms and they will
multiply and make lots of beautiful odorless, non-toxic vermicompost
fertilizer.
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END