Verbs of Motion - Russian Grammar
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Verbs of Motion Russian Grammar
Russian Verbs of Motion
Some people think learning about the verbs of motion is one of the hardest concepts in the Russian language. Thetruth is, it is not so difficult if you just try to und erstand them one step at a time. However it is quite an importantconcept, as motion verbs are a mong the most used in any language. We have broken this into several parts, so justlearn one part at a time if there is too much information in this lesson.
A verb of motion, as the name suggests, is simply a verb that will take you from one place to another. For exampleverbs like go, walk, run, swim or fly. The reason they are special in Russian is that Russian uses specialprefixes or different forms to explain even more with one word.
We will first discuss these verbs without the use of prefixes, then we will discuss the prefixes later. (A prefix is thecouple of letters you put at the front of a word to add to its meaning).
Part 1 - Motion verbs without prefixes. - To Go
Lets start by looking at the words that could correspond to the English word go.
Essentially there is no word in Russian that is like the English go. Instead Russians always indicate how they aregoing somewhere. Here are the two most important words.
!"#$%& / '#%$ - To go by foot (walk). (View Conjugations)()#$%& / (*+%& - To go by transport (drive, train, bus, etc.). (V iew Conjugations)
The first thing you will notice is that there are two similar Russian words corresponding to one English word. This isbecause Russians also indicate whether they are going in one direction or making a return trip. As it is often thecase in Russian, you are able to say a lot with few words. Each verb conjugates in the normal way, click on the linknext to the verbs to view the fully conjugated forms.
The verb on the left ( !"#$%& , '(#$%& ) is the multidirectional (return trip) verb. (Technically known as the 'indefinite').The verb on the right ( )#%$ , '*+%& ) is the unidirectional (one-way) verb. (Technically known as the 'definite'). Hereis how you use each form:
Unidirectional (One-Way) ( )#%$ , '*+%& )
Use the unidirectional form when you are going in 1 direction, or talking specifically about going in 1 direction. Thisform often corresponds to the continuous tenses in English, ie when you say 'I am ' or 'we are '.
, $#- .+ /+0"%- . - I am going to work. (by foot)12 3#34 5 1"675- . - We are going to Moscow. (by transport)8+5%/+ 42 3#34 5 9".#". . - Tomorrow we are going to London. (by transport):-#+ 52 $#;%3 ? - Where are you going? (by foot)
Multidirectional (Return trips, in general.) ( !"#$%& , '(#$%& )
Use the mutildirectional form when are talking about actions in more than one direction, for example a return trip. Also use this form when you are talking in general about going to somewhere, or when there is no motion, or thenumber of directions is irrelevant.
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Russian...
If you find the concept of prefixes difficult you could just remember each of these verbs. Treating each verb as itsown word, rather than a set of related verbs. This would be good for learners with a good memory for words. Other learners, who may be more conceptually minded, may choose to remember how all the pre-fixes work. We think itsbest to do a little of both. Once you understand this concept, you might find that you can suddenly decipher a wholelot of Russian verbs, and the language may really open up to you.
Lets take a look at these prefixes.
5 - - in52 - - out #" - - as far as, reach)+ - - drop in, stop by"0 - - around"%- - away@3/3 - - across@"#- - approach@/$ - - arrival@/" - - through, pass6- - down from- - - from
Now let's see some examples of the prefixes in use. This is how you can use them with the primary motion verb:!"#$%& / )#%$ . (Note that )#%$ becomes 3%$ when used with pre-fixes.)
5*"#$%& / 5"=%$ - to go in, to enter 52*"#$%& / 52=%$ - to go out, to leave, to exit56*"#$%& / 5) o =%$ - to go up, to ascend #"*"#$%& / #"=%$ - to get to, to get as far as, to reach)+*"#$%& / )+=%$ - to drop in, to stop by"0*"#$%& / "0"=%$ - to walk around, to bypass"%*"#$%& / "%"=%$ - to walk away@3/3*"#$%& / @3/3=%$ - to go across, to turn@"#*"#$%& / @"#"=%$ - to approach@/$*"#$%& / @/$=%$ - to arrive, to come@/"*"#$%& / @/"=%$ - to go by, to go past6*"#$%& / 6"=%$ - to go down, decend-*"#$%& / -=%$ - to go from, to leave, depart
OK, now here is the interesting bit: As these new verbs already indicate a definite direction, they can not be multi-
directional and they lose the concept of unidirectional or multi-directional that we learnt above. Instead the first wordabove is the imperfective aspect, and the 2nd is the perfective. (refer to the section on aspects for more info.). So inthe present tense you will always use the first of these verbs above.
This part is difficult. It is a good idea to have an understanding of how the pre-fixes work. If you hate grammar youcould simply remember each word, for example 4*"#$%& = enter. However, if you do understand some of theconcepts and you came accross a word like " 450%+%&" you could work out that it meant "to fly in".
Here are a couple of examples of how you could use the prefixes with different verbs:
J+4"?;% @/$?3%+3% 5 1"675- . - The plane arrives (arrives by flying) in MoscowJ+4"?;% -?3%+3% $) 1"6752 . - The plane departs (fly from) Moscow
Conjugated Russian Verbs (Both Aspects)Home
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