Verbs

• Verbs tell what a subject IS or DOES.• Verbs also indicate the time, or TENSE, of an

action. For example: past, present, future.• Verbs have 3 PERSONS in both the singular

and plural:

Verbs: “Persons”

Singular Plural

1st person I… we…2nd person you… you (y’all )…3rd person he, she, it… they…

Finding the Present Stem

• amo, amare• laboro, laborare• paro, parare• porto, portare• specto, spectare

• AMA-• LABORA-• PARA-• PORTA-• SPECTA-

Present Active Tense Endings

The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings

First Person

Second Person

Third Person

o

s

t

I

you

he, she,it

Singular Plural

nt

tis

mus we

you

they

Cantemus! (let’s sing…!)

First Person

Second

Person

Third Person

Am o

Ama s

Ama t

Ama

Ama

Ama

mus

tis

nt

I loveI am lovingI do love

You loveYou are lovingYou do love

He lovesHe is lovingHe does love

We loveWe are lovingWe do love

You loveYou are lovingYou do love

They loveThey are lovingThey do love

Present Active

Imperfect TenseText p. 180 (lesson 26)

• Imperfect tense is a past tense.• It shows past action uncompleted.• There are several ways to translate imperfect

tense:– was verbing– used to verb– kept on verbing– verbed

Imperfect Active Tense Endings

The present active tense = Present Stem + Imperfect Active Endings

First Person

Second Person

Third Person

BAM

BAS

BAT

I

you

he, she,it

Singular Plural

BANT

BATIS

BAMUS we

you

they

First Person

Second

Person

Third Person

Ama bam

Ama bas

Ama bat

Ama

Ama

Ama

bamus

batis

bant

I was lovingI used to loveI kept on loving

I loved

You were lovingYou used to loveYou kept on loving

You loved

He was loving…

(etc.)

We were loving

(etc.)

You were loving…(etc.)

They were loving(etc.)

Imperfect Tense

Imperfect Tense Practice

• Spectabamus• Portabat• Amabas• Parabatis• Navigabam• Monstrabant

• We were watching• He/she/it was carrying• You were loving• Y’all were preparing• I was sailing• They were showing

Future Tense Verbs

• The future tense refers to something that will or is going to happen at a future time.

• In English, we use the helping verbs “will” or “shall” to express future tense.

• Latin uses prefixes on the present tense verb endings to make future tense verb endings, like this…

Future Tense Endings

Singular Plural

1st -BO (I will...) -BIMUS (we will…)

2nd -BIS (you will...) -BITIS (y’all will…)

3rd -BIT (he/she/it will…) -BUNT (they will…)

Future Active Tense (p. 56 in text)

First Person

Second

Person

Third Person

Ama bo

Ama bis

Ama bit

Ama

Ama

Ama

bimus

bitis

bunt

I will love

You will love

He/she/it will love

We will

love

Ya’ll will love

They will love

Future Active Tense (p. 56 in text)

Let’s practice translating future tense verbs!

1. amabo 2. spectabit 3. portabunt 4. parabitis 5. spectabis

6. parabo 7. laborabit 8. laborabimus

Singular Plural1st -BO (I will...) -BIMUS (we will…)2nd -BIS (you will...) -BITIS (y’all will…)3rd -BIT (he/she/it will…) -BUNT (they will…)

“SUM”

• “Sum” is the “to be” verb.• Like other languages, including English, “sum”

is an irregular verb in Latin.• Let’s look at “be” in English first. See how its

forms are all different in the singular?

Singular Plural

I am We areYou are Y’all areHe/she/it is They are

Present Tense: SUMtext p. 109

Singular Plural

sum I am sumus we arees you are estis y’all areest he/she/ it is sunt they are

These are stand-alone words, not

endings.

“SUM” in action!

• Nauta sum.• Est regina.• Es agricola bonus.• Sunt mali.• Sumus parvi.• Estis reginae.

• I am a sailor.• She is a queen.• You are a good farmer.• They are bad.• We are small.• Y’all are queens.

Imperfect Tense: ERAMtext p. 181

Singular Plural

eram I was eramus we wereeras you were eratis y’all wereerat he/she/ it was erant they were

These are stand-alone words, not

endings.

“ERAM” in action!

• Nauta eram.• Erat regina.• Eras agricola bonus.• Erant mali.• Eramus parvi.• Eratis reginae.

• I was a sailor.• She was a queen.• You were a good farmer.• They were bad.• We were small.• Y’all were queens.

Future Tense: EROtext p. 127 (1st chart only)

Singular Plural

ero I will be erimus we will beeris you will be eritis y’all will beerit he/she/ it will be erunt they will be

These are stand-alone words, not

endings.

“ERO” in action!

• Nauta ero.• Erit servus.• Eris agricola bonus.

• Erunt laeti (happy).• Numerus erit parvus.

• Victoria erit grata.

• I will be a sailor.• He will be a slave.• You will be a good

farmer.• They will be happy.• The number will be

small.• Victory will be pleasing.