TIEMPOS VERBALESINGLÉS

VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA+

CAMBIOS DE LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES

Present - What happens?I work - I am working

El tiempo Present (presente) responde a la pregunta: What happens? = ¿Qué pasa? o What is happening? = ¿Qué está pasando?.

Se forma:

Sujeto + verbo en presente (I work).

Sujeto + am/are/is + verbo en progresivo (I am working).

Present, ejemplos:

What happens? - ¿Qué pasa? I work - Trabajo

The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.El sol sale por el este y se pone por el oeste.

Mr. Jackson goes to work by taxi every day. El Sr. Jackson va en taxi a trabajar todos los días.

We sometimes dine at Peter's. A veces cenamos en lo de Peter.

I always wake up before 7 a.m. Me despierto siempre a las 7:00 a.m.

When it rains, animals find shelter under trees. Cuando llueve, los animales se refugian debajo de los árboles

Rex does not live in Chicago.Rex no vive en Chicago.

They are vegetarians so they do not eat meat. Son vegetarianos por lo que no comen carne.

How often do you take your dog for a walk?¿Cada cuánto sacas a pasear a tu perro?

Does Betsy speak English?¿Betsy habla inglés?

Present Continuous, ejemplos:

What is happening? - ¿Qué está pasando?I am working - Estoy trabajando

You are reading a sentence now. Usted está leyendo una oración ahora.

Someone is listening to the radio at this moment.Alguien está escuchando la radio en este momento.

Bill is writing a new novel. Bill está escribiendo una nueva novela.

My children are not playing the guitar right now.Mis hijos no están tocando la guitarra en este preciso momento.

Is Mary studying now?¿Mary está estudiando ahora?

Present Perfect - What has happened?I have worked - I have been working

  1. PresentI workI am working

El tiempo Present Perfect responde a la pregunta: What has happened? = ¿Qué ha pasado? o What has been happening? = ¿Qué ha estado pasando?.

Se forma: Sujeto + have/has + verbo en participio (I have worked). Sujeto + have/has + been + verbo en progresivo (I have been working).

Present Perfect ,ejemplos:

What has happened? - ¿Qué ha pasado?I have worked - He trabajado

I have just prepared some coffee, would you like some?¿Quieres un poco de café? Recién lo he preparado.

My brother has had that old car for a long time.Mi hermano ha tenido ese coche viejo por un largo tiempo.

Mr. Miller has lived in that house since 1995.El Sr. Miller ha vivido en aquella casa desde 1995.

Daisy and her brother have taken English lessons for five years.Daisy y su hermano han tomado clases de inglés durante cinco años.

Mrs. Taylor has already finished her work.La Sra. Taylor ya ha terminado su trabajo.

Dave has not seen Sabrina lately.Dave no ha visto a Sabrina recientemente.

Paul and Betty have not visited Jamaica yet.Paul y Betty no han visitado Jamaica todavía.

Have you ever seen a UFO?¿Has visto un OVNI alguna vez?

Has Tom already left?¿Tom ya se ha ido?

Present Perfect Continuous,ejemplos:

What has been happening? - ¿Qué ha estado pasando?I have been working - He estado trabajando

We have been waiting for Stephen for over an hour.Hemos estado esperando a Stephen durante más de una hora.

My daughter has been feeling very tired lately.Mi hija se ha estado sintiendo muy cansada últimamente.

Mrs. Sloane's kids have been studying for a final exam today.Hoy los hijos de la Sra. Sloane han estado estudiando para el examen final.

George has not been coming to school recently.George no ha estado viniendo a la escuela últimamente.

You look dirty. What have you been doing?Te ves sucio. ¿Qué has estado haciendo?

Past - What happened?I worked - I was working

  2. Present perfectI have workedI have been working

 3. PastI workedI was working

El tiempo Past (pasado) responde a la pregunta: What happened? = ¿Qué pasó/pasaba? o What was happening? = ¿Qué estuvo/estaba pasando?.

Se forma: Sujeto + verbo en pasado (I worked). Sujeto + was/were + verbo en progresivo (I was working).

Past Simple,ejemplos:

What happened? - ¿Qué pasó?I worked - Trabajé / Trabajaba

I lost my keys yesterday.Ayer perdí las llaves.

It rained last night.Anoche llovió.

My neighbors bought a new car.Mis vecinos se compraron un auto nuevo.

Mr. Smith died two weeks ago.El Sr. Smith falleció hace dos semanas.

Susan sold her house last month.Susan vendió su casa el mes pasado.

Her kids did not go to school the day before yesterday.Sus hijos no concurrieron a la escuela antes de ayer.

Ted did not pass the exam.Ted no pasó el examen.

Did you see Jane yesterday?¿Viste a Jane ayer?

Where did they go on vacation?¿Dónde fueron de vacaciones?

Past Simple Continuous,ejemplos:

What was happening? - ¿Qué estuvo/estaba pasando?I was working - Estuve/estaba trabajando

Grace was taking a shower when the phone rang.Grace estaba duchándose cuando sonó el teléfono.

While we were walking down the street, we saw Mrs. Pierce.Mientras estaban caminando por la calle, vieron a la Sra. Pierce.

The baby was crying while her mother was preparing breakfast.El bebé estaba llorando mientras su mamá estaba preparando el desayuno.

The employee was not doing his job when his boss arrived.El empleado no estaba haciendo su trabajo cuando llegó su jefe.

They were not driving carefully when they had the accident.Ellos no estaban manejando con cuidado cuando tuvieron el accidente.

What was Henry doing at midday?¿Qué estaba haciendo Henry al mediodía?

Were your friends playing in the park when it began to drizzle?¿Tus amigos estaban jugando en el parque cuando comenzó a lloviznar?

Past Perfect - What had happened?I had worked - I had been working

El tiempo Past Perfect responde a la pregunta: What had happened? = ¿Qué había pasado? o What had been happening? = ¿Qué había

estado pasando?.

  4. Past perfectI had workedI had been working

Se forma: Sujeto + had + verbo en participio (I had worked). Sujeto + had + been + verbo en progresivo (I had been working).

Past Perfect,ejemplos:

What had happened? - ¿Qué había pasado?I had worked - Había trabajado

When John got off the train, he realized that someone had stolen his wallet.Cuando John se bajó del tren, se dió cuenta de que alguien le había robado su billetera.

Jane did not go to the movies because she had seen the film twice.Jane no fue al cine porque había visto la película dos veces.

When I got to the party, Kevin was not there. He had already left.Cuando llegué a la fiesta, Kevin no estaba allí. Ya se había ido.

Peter had sent Alison some flowers before he went to visit her.Peter le había enviado flores a Alison antes de ir a visitarla.

Mr. Smith had made hotel reservations before he traveled to SpainEl Sr. Smith había hecho reservas de hotel antes de viajar a España.

The teacher soon realized I had not studied the lesson.La profesora pronto se dió cuenta de que yo no había estudiado la lección.

My sister had never been to a concert before last night.Mi hermana nunca había estado en un concierto hasta anoche.

Had the plane already departed when you arrived at the airport?¿Había ya partido el avión cuando llegaste al aeropuerto?

Had you lived in Liverpool before you settled in London?¿Habías vivido en Liverpool antes de que te establecieras en Londres.

Past Perfect Continuous,ejemplos:

What had been happening? - ¿Qué había estado pasando?I had been working - Había estado trabajando

Ralph had been driving for hours when he finally stopped to rest.Ralph había estado manejando durante horas cuando finalmente se detuvo a descansar.

The children were out of breath because they had been running.Los niños estaban sin aliento porque habían estado corriendo.

Tim had been living in that house for decades before he moved out.Tim había estado viviendo en esa casa por décadas antes de mudarse de allí.

Susan told me she had not been sleeping well lately.Susan me dijo que no había estado durmiendo bien últimamente .

Had the children been watching TV before their mother got home?¿Los niños habían estado mirando la televisión antes de que su madre llegara a casa?

Future - What will happen?I will work - I will be working

El tiempo Future responde a la pregunta: What will happen? = ¿Qué pasará? o What will be happening? = ¿Qué estará pasando?.

5. FutureI will workI will be working

Se forma: Sujeto + will + verbo presente (I will work). Sujeto + will + be + gerundio (I will be working).

Future Simple,ejemplos:

What will happen? - ¿Qué pasará?I will work - Trabajaré

I will see you tomorrow. Good-bye!Te veré mañana. ¡Adiós!

I promise I will call you next week.Prometo que te llamaré la semana próxima.

I think I will stay home the whole day because it is snowing.Creo que me quedaré en casa todo el día porque está nevando.

"What would you like to have?" "I'll have some coffee, please.""¿Qué desearía tomar?" "Tomaré un café, por favor."

If it is a sunny day, my wife and I will go to the beach.Si es un día soleado, mi esposa y yo iremos a la playa.

Tommy, I am sorry I will not help you with your homework. I am too busy right now.Tommy, lamentablemente no te ayudaré con la tarea. Estoy demasiado ocupado en este momento.

We won't accept the terms of this contract.No aceptaremos los términos de este contrato.

When will they come?¿Cuándo vendrán?

Will you open the door for me, please?¿Quieres abrirme la puerta, por favor?

Future Simple Continuous,ejemplos:

What will be happening? - ¿Qué estará pasando?I will be working - Estaré trabajando

Dr. Hall will be giving a speech on global warming next Friday.El Sr. Hall estará dando una charla sobre el calentamiento global el próximo viernes.

At this time tomorrow, Jane will be attending a lecture on 20th century literature.Mañana a esta hora, Jane estará asistiendo a una conferencia acerca de la literatura del siglo XX.

Her cousin will be traveling to Las Vegas tomorrow morning.Su prima estará viajando a Las Vegas mañana por la mañana.

My brother-in-law will not be playing tennis tomorrow afternoon.Mi cuñado no estará jugando al tenis mañana por la tarde.

What will you be doing tomorrow at 8:00?¿Qué estarás haciendo mañana a las 8:00?

Future Perfect - What will have happened?I will have worked - I will have been working

El tiempo Future Perfect responde a la pregunta: What will have happened? = ¿Qué habrá pasado? o What will have been happening? = ¿Qué habrá estado pasando?.

Se forma: Sujeto + will + have + verbo en participio (I will have worked). Sujeto + will + have been + verbo en progresivo (I will have been working).

  6. Future perfectI will have workedI will have been working

Future Perfect,ejemplos:

What will have happened? - ¿Qué habrá pasado?I will have worked - Habré trabajado

Melissa will have improved her English by the time she comes back from the U.S.Melissa habrá mejorado su inglés para el momento que ella regrese de los EE.UU..

The waste from this factory will have polluted the water tables by the year 2015.Los desechos de esta fábrica habrán contaminado las napas para el año 2015.

The kids will have finished the exam by five o'clock.Los niños habrán terminado el examen para las 5:00.

By March, my daughter will have graduated from college.Para marzo, mi hija se habrá recibido en la universidad.

Our engineers will have completed the project by Monday.Nuestros ingenieros habrán terminado el proyecto para el lunes.

By the time you return from work, your wife will not have finished making the cake.Para cuando vuelvas del trabajo, tu mujer no habrá terminado de preparar la torta.

By next February, the Smiths will not have come back from their holidays.Para el próximo febrero, los Smith no habrán vuelto de sus vacaciones.

How many books will Alan have read by the end of the year?¿Cuántos libros habrá leído Alan para fin de año?

Will you have painted many pictures by next summer?¿Habrás pintado muchos cuadros para el próximo verano?

Future Perfect Continuous,ejemplos:

What will have been happening? - ¿Qué habrá estado pasando?I will have been working - Habré estado trabajando

At 6:00, I will have been waiting for Mark for two hours.A las 6:00, habré estado esperando a Mark durante dos horas.

By the time he moves to Los Angeles, Dr. Parker will have been teaching at university for 11 years.Para la época en la que se mude a Los Ángeles, el Dr. Parker habrá estado enseñando en la universidad durante once años.

Martin will have been living in Boston for six months by the time he is admitted to Harvard University.Martin habrá estado viviendo en Boston durante seis años para la época en la que lo acepten en la Universidad de Harvard.

By the end of the day, his grandchildren will not have been studying much.Para el final del día, sus nietos no habrán estado estudiando demasiado.

Will you have been working on your project when your boss arrives?Habrás estado trabajando en tu proyecto cuando llegue tu jefe?

Future (going to) - What is going to happen?I am going to work - I am going to be working

El tiempo Future (going to) responde a la pregunta: What is going to happen? = ¿Qué va a pasar? o What is going to be happening? = ¿Qué va a estar pasando?.

Se forma: Sujeto + am/is/are + going to + verbo en presente (I am going to work). Sujeto + am/is/are + going to + be + verbo en progresivo (I am going to be working).

Future "going to",ejemplos:

7. Future (going to)I am going to workI am going to be working

What is going to happen? - ¿Qué va a pasar?I am going to work - Voy a trabajar

I am going to leave for Asia next month.Voy a partir a Asia el mes que viene.

We are going to watch a movie on TV tonight.Vamos a ver una película en la televisión a la noche.

The company is going to raise its prices next summer.La compañía va a subir los precios el próximo mes.

Mrs. Black is going to teach pottery next year.La Sra. Black va a enseñar alfarería el año que viene.

I am going to go to the grocery store tomorrow morning.Voy a ir al almacén mañana por la mañana.

Paul is not going to solve the problem before the end of the year.Paul no va a resolver el problema antes de fin de año.

We are not going to run the marathon next June.No vamos a correr la maratón el próximo junio.

Are you going to read Paul Auster’s latest novel?¿Vas a leer la última novela de Paul Auster?

The floor is full of dry leaves. Are you going to sweep it?El piso está lleno de hojas secas. ¿Lo vas a barrer?

Future "going to" - Continuous form,ejemplos:

What is going to be happening? - ¿Qué va a estar pasando?I am going to be working - Voy a estar trabajando

Alice is going to be lying in the sun tomorrow morning.Alice va a estar yaciendo al sol mañana por la mañana.

Mr. Parker is going to be driving to Washington D.C. next Friday.El Sr. Parker va a estar manejando a Washington D.C. el viernes que viene.

Granny is going be sewing her apron tomorrow.La abuela va a estar cosiendo su delantal mañana.

The thief is in prison now. He is not going to be stealing any more.El ladrón está ahora en prisión. No va a estar robando más.

Is she going to be polishing the floor the day after tomorrow?¿Ella va a estar lustrando el piso pasado mañana?

Future Perfect (going to) - What is going to have happened?

I am going to have worked - I am going to have been working

El tiempo Future Perfect (going to) responde a la pregunta: What is going to have happened? = ¿Qué va a haber pasado? o What is going to have been happening? = ¿Qué va a haber estado pasando?.

Se forma: Sujeto + am/is/are + going to + have + verbo en participio (I am going to have worked). Sujeto + am/is/are + going to + have + been + verbo en progresivo (I am going to have been working).

Future Perfect "going to ,ejemplos:

  8. Future perfect (going to)I am going to have workedI am going to have been working

What is going to have happened? - ¿Qué va a haber pasado?I am going to have worked - Voy a haber trabajado

I am going to have left for Japan in two days.Voy a haber partido para Japón en dos días.

The plane is going to have landed in five minutes.El avión va a haber aterrizado en cinco minutos.

We are going to have written fifty pages of our essay by tomorrow.Vamos a haber escrito cincuenta páginas de nuestro ensayo para mañana.

Your baby is going to have learnt to walk by the time you return from the war.Tu bebé va a haber aprendido a caminar para el momento que regreses de la guerra.

The play is going to have started by the time we get to the theater.La obra va a haber empezado para cuando lleguemos al teatro.

I am not going to have spent my entire life living in this town.No voy a haber pasado mi vida entera viviendo en esta ciudad.

How many customers are you going to have visited by Friday?.¿Cuántos clientes vas a haber visitado para el viernes?.

By December, John is going to have had the same car for twenty years.Para diciembre, John va a haber tenido el mismo coche por veinte años.

The children are going to have eaten their lunch by then.los niños van a haber comido su almuerzo para entonces.

Future Perfect "going to" - Continuous form,ejemplos:

What is going to have been happening? - ¿Qué va a haber estado pasando?I am going to have been working - Voy a haber estado trabajando

Our team is going to have been practicing for three hours every morning before the final game.Nuestro equipo va a haber estado practicando durante tres horas cada mañana antes del partido final.

By January, he is going to have been living in that house for thirty years.Para enero, él va a haber estado viviendo en esa casa por treinta años.

I am going to have been waiting for five hours when her plane finally arrives. Voy a haber estado esperando por cinco horas cuando finalmente llegue su avión.

Future in Past - What was going to happen?I was going to work - I was going to be working

El tiempo Future in Past responde a la pregunta: What was going to happen? = ¿Qué iba a pasar? o What was going to be happening? = ¿Qué iba a estar pasando?.

Se forma: Sujeto + was/were + going to + verbo en presente (I was going to work). Sujeto + was/were + going to + be + verbo en progresivo (I was going to be working).

Future in the Past,ejemplos:

What was going to happen? - ¿Qué iba a pasar?I was going to work - Iba a trabajar

I am sorry. I was going to call you but then I forgot.Lo lamento. Te iba a llamar pero lo olvidé.

 9. Future in pastI was going to workI was going to be working

We were going to take the foreign visitors around town, but they never arrived.Íbamos a llevar a los visitantes extranjeros a conocer la ciudad, pero nunca llegaron.

James was going to print his paper, but the printer was not working.James iba a imprimir su trabajo, pero la impresora no estaba funcionando.

Mr. Drake was going to fix his car, but it was too expensive.El Sr. Drake iba a reparar su auto, pero era demasiado costoso.

That singer was going to record a new album but then she got sick.Esa cantante iba a grabar un álbum nuevo pero se enfermó.

We were not going to swim in the river.No íbamos a nadar en el río.

The plane was not going to depart at 6:00.El avión no iba a partir a las 6:00.

Was he going to buy tickets for the concert?¿Él iba a comprar entradas para el concierto?

Were they going to move to South Africa?¿Ellos iban a mudarse a Sudáfrica?

Future in the Past – Continuous form,ejemplos:

What was going to be happening? - ¿Qué iba a estar pasando?I was going to be working - Iba a estar trabajando

Mrs. Jones was going to be working in her garden, but it was too cold to be outdoors.La Sra. Jones iba a estar trabajando en el jardín, pero hacía demasiado frío para estar afuera.

Alan was going to be repairing the front door when the tenants arrived.Alan iba a estar reparando la puerta de entrada cuando llegaran los inquilinos.

The boys had lost their tent so they were going to be sleeping under the trees.Los niños habían perdido la carpa entonces iban a estar durmiendo bajo los árboles.

They were not going to be painting their apartment on a wet day.No iban a estar pintando el departamento un día húmedo.

Was Peter going to be calling her during the baseball game?¿Peter iba a estar llamándola durante el partido de baseball?

Future Perfect in Past - What was going to have happened?I was going to have worked - I was going to have been working

El tiempo Future Perfect in Past responde a la pregunta: What was going to have happened? = ¿Qué iba a haber pasado? o What was going to have been happening? = ¿Qué iba a haber estado pasando?.

Se forma: Sujeto + was/were + going to + have + verbo en participio (I was going to have worked). Sujeto + was/were + going to + have + been + verbo en progresivo (I was going to have been working).

Future Perfect in Past,ejemplos:

What was going to have happened? - ¿Qué iba a haber pasado?I was going to have worked - Voy a haber trabajado

Bill said that he was going to have sold five cars by Friday.Bill dijo que él iba a haber vendido cinco coches para el viernes.

Jack thought he was going to have won the Pulitzer Prize that year. Jack pensó que él iba a haber ganado el premio Pulitzer ese año.

10. Future perfect in pastI was going to have workedI was going to have been working

My friends were going to have visited many countries in Europe before returning.Mis amigos iba a haber visitado muchos países de Europa antes de regresar.

I was worried that they were going to have forgotten about my birthdayEstaba preocupado de que ellos iban a haberse olvidado de mi cumpleaños.

People told me how much the kids were going to have changed.La gente me dijo cuanto iban a haber cambiando los niños.

I had hoped that we were going to have finished todayYo había esperado que nosotros íbamos a haber terminado hoy.

Julia is angry because she was going to have spent the entire evening with her bossJulia estaba enfadada porque ella iba a haber pasado la noche entera con su jefe.

Future Perfect in Past - Continuous form,ejemplos:

What was going to have been happening? - ¿Qué iba a haber estado pasando?I was going to have been working - Iba a haber estado trabajando

We realized that we were going to have been travelling for close to ten hours before stopping for a rest. Nos dimos cuenta de que íbamos a haber estado viajando por casi diez horas antes de deternernos para un descanso.

Sarah told me she was going to have been doing her homework by the time I arrived home.Sara me dijo que ella iba a haber estado haciendo su tarea para el momento que yo llegara a casa.

Conditional - What would happen?I would work - I would be working

El tiempo Conditional responde a la pregunta: What would happen? = ¿Qué pasaría? o What would be happening? = ¿Qué estaría pasando?.

Se forma: Sujeto + would + verbo presente (I would work). Sujeto + would + be + verbo en progresivo (I would be working).

Conditional Simple,ejemplos:

What would happen? - ¿Qué pasaría?I would work - Trabajaría

If Bill had enough time and money, he would travel.Si Bill tuviera suficiente tiempo y dinero, viajaría.

If we knew where your keys are, we would tell you.Si supiéramos dónde están tus llaves, te lo diríamos.

If Lizzie were offered a job at Sears, she would take it.Si a Lizzie le ofrecieran un empleo en Sears, lo aceptaría.

If I were you, I would buy that car.Si fuera tú, compraría este auto.

11. ConditionalI would workI would be working

If Nancy were accepted at university, she would ask for a scholarship.Si aceptaran a Nancy en la universidad, solicitaría una beca.

I would not do that if I were you.No haría eso si fuera tú.

If Mr. Jones were a millionaire, he would not work any more.Si el Sr. Jones fuera millonario, no trabajaría más.

What would you buy if you had a fortune?¿Qué comprarías si tuvieras una fortuna?

Would you come to the jazz concert if I got the tickets?¿Vendrías al recital de jazz si yo consiguiera las entradas?

Conditional Continuous,ejemplos:

What would be happening? - ¿Qué estaría pasando?I would be working - Estaría trabajando

Mr. Baxter would be typing if his secretary were absent.El Sr. Baxter estaría escribiendo a máquina si su secretaría estuviera ausente.

I would be reading a book if it were cloudy.Estaría leyendo un libro si estuviera nublado.

We would be sailing if we were in the Caribbean.Estaríamos navegando si estuviéramos en el Caribe.

Linda would not be listening to me if I were telling lies.Linda no estaría escuchándome si yo estuviera diciendo mentiras.

Would you be painting your house if it did not rain?¿Estarías pintando la casa si no lloviera?

Conditional Perfect- What would have happened?I would have worked - I would have been working

También llamado Past Conditional, responde a la pregunta: What would have happened? = ¿Qué habría pasado? o What would have been happening? = ¿Qué habría estado pasando?.

Se forma: Sujeto + would + have + verbo en participio (I would have worked). Sujeto + would + have been + verbo en progresivo (I would have been working).

Conditional Perfect,ejemplos:

What would have happened? - ¿Qué habría pasado?I would have worked - Habría trabajado

Harry would have learnt about the catastrophe if he had watched CNN.Harry se habría enterado de la catástrofe si hubiera mirado CNN.

If Ben had studied harder, he would have passed the test.Si Ben hubiera estudiado más, habría pasado el examen.

If Cindy had seen a spider, she would have been terrified.Si Cindy hubiera visto una araña, se habría aterrorizado.

Mrs. Brown would have shouted furiously if her son had dented her car.La Sra Brown habría gritado con furia si su hijo hubiera abollado su auto.

If you had not obeyed his orders, something terrible would have happened.Si no hubieras obedecido sus órdenes, algo terrible hubiera ocurrido.

12. Conditional perfectI would have workedI would have been working

Had I known you were in a meeting, I would not have disturbed you.Si hubiera sabido que te encontrabas en una reunión, no te habría molestado.

Molly would not have done that if she had been in your place.Molly no habría hecho eso si hubiera estado en tu lugar.

Would your brother have gotten a scholarship if he had worked harder?¿Habría tu hermano obtenido una beca si hubiera trabajado más duro?

Would his uncle have visited New York if he had traveled to the U.S.A.?¿Habría su tío visitado Nueva York si hubiera viajado a los EE.UU.?

Conditional Perfect Continuous,ejemplos:

What would have been happening? - ¿Qué habría estado pasando?I would have been working - Habría estado trabajando

The employees would have been working on the project if their boss had been present.Los empleados habrían estado trabajado en el proyecto si su jefe hubiera estado presente.

Dr. Hills would have been writing a book if he had found a publisher.El Dr. Hills habría estado escribiendo un libro si hubiera encontrado una editorial.

If my neighbors had sold their house, they would have been moving to a new house.Si mis vecinos hubieran vendido su casa, habrían estado mudándose a una nueva casa.

If I had seen Patrick, I would not have been calling him.Si hubiera visto a Patrick, no habría estado llamándolo.

Would you have been waiting for me if I had not arrived early?¿Habrías estado esperándome si no hubiera llegado temprano?

Modals - What (could, must, should, …) happen?I (could, must, …) work - I (could, must, should, …) be working

Para formar este tiempo utilizamos los verbos modales (can/could/may/might/should/must) + verbo en forma base. (I can play tennis).Modals,ejemplos:What (could/should/...) happen? - ¿Qué (podría/debería/...) pasar?I (could/should/...) work - (podría/debería/...) trabajar

Mary Anne can speak five languages fluently.Mary Anne puede hablar cinco idiomas con fluidez.

Do not shout! I can hear you perfectly well.¡No grites! Te puedo oir perfectamente.

I must work really hard if I want a promotion.Debo trabajar muy duro si quiero un ascenso.

You must return that book, Jimmy. It is not yours.Debes devolver ese libro, Jimmy. No te pertenece.

That man owns three houses and two planes. He must be very wealthy.Aquel hombre posee tres casas y dos aviones. Debe de ser muy rico.

If you are not feeling well, you should call a doctor.Si no te sientes bien, deberías llamar al doctor.

You look tired, Alec. You should rest more.Te ves cansado, Alec. Deberías descansar más.

You must not smoke in public places.No debes fumar en lugares públicos.

Deaf people cannot hear.Los sordos no pueden oír.

You should not drink and drive.No deberías tomar y manejar.

We should not litter the floor.No deberíamos ensuciar el piso.

13. ModalsI (can, could, ...) workI (can, could, ...) be working

Can I use your phone, Sally?¿Puedo usar tu teléfono, Sally?

What can I do for you, sir?¿En qué lo puedo ayudar, señor?

Must we visit grandpa every Sunday, mom?¿Debemos visitar al abuelo todos los domingos, mamá?

Should we contribute to this fund-raising event?¿Deberíamos contribuir a este evento para recaudar fondos?

Modals – Continuous,ejemplos:

What (could/should/...) be happening? - ¿Qué (podría/debería/...) estar pasando?I (could/should/...) be working - (podría/debería/...) estar trabajando

That cannot be true! You must be joking.¡Eso no puede ser verdad! Debes de estar bromeando.

It is very late. We must be going now.Es demasiado tarde. Deberíamos estar yendo ahora.

You should be listening to what I am saying.Deberías estar escuchando lo que estoy diciendo.

Alex can be playing chess for three hours without getting tired.Alex puede estar jugando ajedrez durante tres horas sin cansarse.

The kid must not be shouting in class.El niño no debe estar gritando en clase.

Bob cannot be telling the truth. That is impossible!Bob no puede estar diciendo la verdad. ¡Eso es imposible!

It is 12 noon. Shouldn't the cook be preparing lunch?Son las doce del mediodía. ¿No debería el cocinero estar preparando el almuerzo?

Must I be doing the homework for tomorrow?¿Debo estar haciendo la tarea para mañana?

Modals + Have - What (could, must, should, …) have happened?

I (could, …) have worked - I (could, must, should, …) have been working

Podemos utilizar los verbos modales seguidos del auxiliary 'have' (sujeto+ modal + have + participio) para indicar acción en el pasado: I should have gone.

Modals + Have,ejemplos:

What (could/should/...) have happened? - ¿Qué (podría/debería/...) haber pasado?I (could/should/...) have worked - (podría/debería/...) haber trabajado

Fred made a lot of noise when he came home. You must have heard him.Fred hizo mucho ruido cuando llegó anoche. Debiste haberlo oído.

The news was awful. You should have said something about it.La noticia era espantosa. Deberías haber dicho algo al respecto.

That was a terrible accident! The driver must have hurt himself.¡Ese fue un accidente terrible! El conductor debió haberse lastimado.

Pam had a toothache. She should have visited the dentist.A Pam le dolía un diente. Debería haber visitado al dentista.

There was a flying saucer in the sky last night. You must have seen it.Había un plato volador en el cielo anoche. Debiste haberlo visto.

Nick's dog ran away. It must have been scared of the thunderstorm.El perro de Nick se escapó. Debió haberse asustado de la tormenta eléctrica.

You should have seen Jen in her wedding dress.Deberías haberla visto a Jen en su vestido de novia.

The maid should not have frozen the vegetables.La mucama no debería haber congelado los vegetales.

Sarah failed the exam. She must not have studied enough.Sara no pasó el examen. No debe haber estudiado lo suficiente.

14. Modals + haveI (can, could, ...) have workedI (can, could, ...) have been working

Mr. Benson should not have accepted Dr. Harrison's proposal.El Sr. Benson no debería haber aceptado la propuesta del Dr. Harrison.

Should mom have woken you up at 7:00?¿Mamá debería haberte despertado a las 7:00?

Should they have left earlier?¿Deberían haber partido más temprano?

Could I have applied for a sick leave?¿Podría haber solicitado una licencia por enfermedad?

Modals + Have - Continuous Form,ejemplos:

What (could/should/...) have been happening? - ¿Qué (podría/debería/...) haber estado pasando?I (could/should/...) have been working - (podría/debería/...) haber estado trabajando

I could have been dancing at the party instead of staying at home.Yo podría haber estado bailando en la fiesta en lugar de quedarme en casa.

The baby must have been eating. The table is dirty.El bebé debió haber estado comiendo. La mesa está sucia.

My friends should have been waiting here for me.Mis amigos deberían haber estado esperándome aquí.

It has been raining a lot lately. You should not have been watering the garden.Ha estado lloviendo mucho últimamente. No deberías haber estado regando el jardín.

Patrick is ill again. He must not have been taking his medicine.Patrick está enfermo de nuevo. No debe haber estado tomando su medicina.

Should they have been lighting the candles?¿Ellos deberían estar prendiendo las velas?

Could we have been swimming at the beach?¿Podríamos haber estado nadando en la playa?

Imperatives - Make it happpen! - Let's make it happen!Work!. Let's work!

15. ImperativeWork!Let's work!

El imperativo en inglés se usa para dar órdenes, brindar sugerencias o hacer invitaciones. Es el tiempo verbal más fácil de aprender.

Imperatives,ejemplos:

En forma afirmativa En forma negativaCome hereVen aquí

Don't cross the streetNo cruces la calle

Go there Ve allí

Don't say thatNo digas eso

Open the door Abre la puerta

Don't be so mean No seas tan malo

Leave me alone Déjame solo

Don't fight No pelées

Turn on the TV Enciende el televisor

Don't drink so much No tomes tanto

Turn off the radio Apága la radio

Don't invite so many people No invites a tantas personas

Be careful Sé cuidadoso

Don't make noise No hagas ruido

Let me see that Déjame ver eso

Don't interrupt No interrumpas

Call me up Llámame por teléfono

Don't drive so fastNo conduzcas tan rápido

Finish that report Termina ese informe

Don't be late No llegues tarde

Sit down Siéntate

Don't come so early No vengas tan temprano

Stand up Levántate

Don't buy so many things No compres tantas cosas

El "Let´s" = "Let us" se usa para dar una orden en la cual uno mismo se incluye.

Let's Let's notLet's workTrabajemos

Let's not hurryNo nos apuremos

Let's make a partyHagamos una fiesta

Let's not do thatNo hagamos eso

Let's buy some beersCompremos algunas cervezas

Let's not waste timeNo desperdiciemos tiempo

Let's play basketballJuguemos al básketbol

Let's not wait any moreNo esperemos más

Let's go to the moviesVayamos al cine

Let's not go so fastNo vayamos tan rápido

Let's eat some ice creamsComamos algunos helados

Let's not drink so muchNo tomemos tanto

Let's take a walkTomemos un paseo

Let's not talk about thatNo hablemos de eso

Let's consider this problemConsideremos este problema

Let's not bother themNo los molestemos

Let's see what we can doVeamos que podemos hacer

Let's not interruptNo interrumpamos

Let's try to do itTratemos de hacerlo

Let's not say anythingNo digamos nada

Let's start with thisComencemos con esto

Let's not argue againNo discutamos de nuevo

Let's finish thatTerminemos eso

Let's not be upset about itNo estemos molestos por ello

Present - What is done? Pasiva The car is washed

El tiempo "Present" de la voz pasiva responde a la pregunta: "What is done?" = ¿Qué se hace? o "What is being done?" = ¿Qué se está haciendo?

What is done? - ¿Qué se hace?, ejemplos

A house is built.

Se construye una casa / Una casa es construida This room is cleaned every week.

Este cuarto es limpiado (se limpia) todas las semanas. English is spoken in many countries.

El inglés es hablado (se habla) en muchos países. Jane is not supposed to be home at this time.

No se supone que Jane deba estar en casa a esta hora. The sidewalks in this quarter are not swept up every day.

Las aceras en este barrio no son barridas (no se barren) todos los días. That girl is said to possess supernatural powers

Se dice que esa niña posee poderes supernaturales Is baseball played in South Africa?

¿Se juega al béibol en Sudáfrica?

  1. PresentThe car is washedThe car is being washed

These kids are given an hour to do the test.Se les dá estos niños una hora para hacer la prueba.

People are asked to dial 911 only in case of an emergency.A la gente le piden marcar el 911 sólo en caso de una emergencia.

What is being done? - ¿Qué se está haciendo?, ejemplos

A house is being built.

Se está construyendo una casa / Una casa está siendo construida New condominiums are being built in the southern part of town.

Los nuevos condominios están siendo construidos (se están construyendo) en la parte del sur de la ciudad.

A welcome dinner for the guests is being prepared right now.Una cena de bienvenida para los invitados está siendo preparada (se está preparando) ahora mismo.

Present Perfect - What has been done? PasivaThe car has been washed

  2. Present perfectThe car has been washedThe car has been being washed

El tiempo "Present Perfect" de la voz pasiva responde a la pregunta: "What has been done?" = ¿Qué se ha hecho? o What has been being done? = ¿Qué se ha estado haciendo?

What has been done? - ¿Qué se ha hecho?, ejemplos

A house has been built.

Se ha construido una casa / Una casa ha sido construida The whole city has been destroyed by the earthquake.

La ciudad entera has sido destruída por el terremoto. I can't get in. These doors have been locked!

No puedo entrar. Estas puertas han sido cerradas con llave! Those windows have not been closed yet.

Aquellas ventanas no han sido cerradas aún. This wooden floor has not been waxed.

Este suelo de madera no ha sido encerado.

Has uncle John been promoted to president of the company?¿El tío John ha sido ascendido a presidente de la empresa?

Have the same mistakes been made before?¿Han sido cometidos los mismos errores antes?

People have been requested to cancel appointments before Monday.Se le ha solicitado a la gente que cancele las citas antes del lunes.

Guess what,... Jack has been taught to drive a car!Adivina qué,... Le han enseñado a Jack conducir un coche!

What has been being done? - ¿Qué se ha estado haciendo?, ejemplos

A house has been being built. Se ha estado construyendo una casa / Una casa ha estado siendo construida

My mother has been being treated by the same doctors for years.My madre ha estado siendo tratada por los mismos médicos durante años.

Stricter and stricter measures have been being taken to reduce crime in the city.She han estado tomando medidas cada vez más estrictas para reducir el delito en la ciudad.

Past - What was done? PasivaThe car was washed

3. PastThe car was washedThe car was being washed

El tiempo "Past" de la voz pasiva responde a la pregunta: "What was done?" = ¿Qué se hizo/hacía? o "What was being done?" = ¿Qué se estuvo/estaba haciendo?

What was done? - ¿Qué se hizo?, ejemplos

A house was built. Se construyó una casa/ Una casa fue construida

Sally's legs were hurt in an accident.

Las piernas de Sally fueron lastimadas en un accidente It is believed that a battle was fought here 400 years ago.

Se cree que aquí se peleó una batalla hace 400 años. Our dog was not allowed to travel with us.

A nuestro perro no se le permitió viajar con nosotros. You were not called yesterday.

A usted no le llamaron ayer. Was the Tower of London used as a prison in former times?

¿Fue usada la Torre de Londres como una prisión en tiempos anteriores? Was he thought to have a gift for music?

¿Se pensó que él tenía un talento para la música?

Paul was given three hours to make a decision.Le dieron a Paul tres horas para tomar una decisión.

My neighbors were paid to take care of Pam's cat.Les pagaron a mis vecinos para que cuidaran del gato de Pam.

What was being done? - ¿Qué se estaba haciendo?, ejemplos

A house was being built. Se estaba construyendo una casa / Una casa estaba siendo construida

The car was being washed when it began to drizzle.

El coche estaba siendo lavado cuando comenzó a lloviznar. The girl was being chased by a dog when she fell down.

La muchacha estaba siendo perseguida por un perro cuando ella se cayó.

Past Perfect - What had been done? PasivaThe car had been washed

  4. Past perfectThe car had been washedThe car had been being washed

El tiempo "Past Perfect" de la voz pasiva responde a la pregunta: "What had been done?" = ¿Qué se había hecho? o "What had been being done?" = ¿Qué se había estado haciendo?

What had been done? - ¿Qué se había hecho? , ejemplos

A house had been built. Se había construido una casa / Una casa había sido construida

A strike had been organized before the workers were dismissed.

Una huelga había sido organizada antes de que los trabajadores fueran despedidos.

Before the Richardsons got home, their house had been burglarized.Antes de que los Richardson llegaran, su casa había sido desvalijada.

Hotel reservations had been made before Mr. Miller flew to N.Y.Las reservaciones de hotel habían sido hechas antes de que el Sr. Miller volara a Nueva York.

When I arrived home, my room had been cleaned.Cuando llegué a casa, mi habitación había sido limpiada.

Had the gas tank been filled before they left?¿Había sido llenado el tanque de gasolina antes de que ellos se marcharan?

Had Bill been told to bring the wine to the party ?¿Se le había a dicho a Bill que trajera el vino a la fiesta?

This mechanic had been paid to fix their limo.Se le había pagado a este mecánico para reparar su limusina.

The tourists had been shown the map of the city before they were taken there.A los turistas se les había mostrado el mapa de la ciudad antes de ser llevados allí.

What had been being done? - ¿Qué se había estado haciendo? , ejemplos

A house had been being built. Se había estado construyendo una casa / Una casa había estado siendo construida

I learnt that condensed milk had been being produced in America since the mid

1850s.Me enteré que la leche condensada se había estado produciendo en América desde la mitad de la década de 1850.

The Real Information Digger, a journal in which my articles had been being published, was banned by the government. "The Real Information Digger", un diario en el cual se habían estado publicando mis artículos, fue prohibido por el gobierno.

Future - What will be done? PasivaThe car will be washed

5. FutureThe car will be washedThe car will be being washed

El tiempo "Future" de la voz pasiva responde a la pregunta: "What will be done?" = ¿Qué se hará? o "What will be being done?" = ¿Qué se estará haciendo?

What will be done? - ¿Qué se hará?, ejemplos

A house will be built. Se construirá una casa / Una casa será construida The literary contest will be judged by a panel of distinguished writers.

La competencia literaria será juzgada por un panel de distinguidos escritores. It is estimated that millions of gallons will be yielded annually by the new oil

wells.Se estima que millones de galones serán producidos anualmente por los pozos de petróleo nuevos.

The new rocket will not be launched until next year.El cohete nuevo no será lanzado hata el año próximo.

Those hospitals will not be inaugurated until the end of spring.Esos hospitales no serán inaugurados hasta finales de la primavera.

Will a new vaccine be discovered soon?¿Una vacuna nueva será descubierta pronto?

Will his new book be published in two weeks' time?¿Su nuevo libro será publicado en dos semanas'?

Dr. Parker will be offered to deliver a speech on nutrition.Al Dr. Parker se le ofrecerá que dé un discurso sobre nutrición.

This child will be taught to have better manners.Enseñarán a este niño a tener mejores modales.

What will be being done? - ¿Qué se estará haciendo?, ejemplos

A house will be being built.

Se estará construyendo una casa / Una casa estará siendo construida If that man wins the elections, the country will be being ruled by a dictator.

Si ese hombre gana las elecciones, el país estará siendo gobernado por un dictador.

Those toys will be being produced in China next year.Esos juguetes estarán siendo producidos en China el año que viene.

Future Perfect - What will have been done? PasivaThe car will have been washed

El tiempo "Future Perfect" de la voz pasiva responde a la pregunta: "What will have been done?" = ¿Qué se habrá hecho? o "What will have been being done?" = ¿Qué se habrá estado haciendo?

What will have been done? - ¿Qué se habrá hecho?, ejemplos

A house will have been built. Se habrá construido una casa / Una casa habrá sido construida

Your tapestry will have been woven by Friday.

Su tapicería habrá sido tejida para el viernes. Those fossils will have been examined by experts before December.

Esos fósiles habrán sido examinadas por los expertos antes de diciembre. The crop will not have been ruined by the frost this year.

La cosecha no habrá sido arruinada por la helada este año. It is thought that he will not have been elected president in the coming elections.

Se piensa que no lo habrán elegido presidente en las elecciones que vienen. When will his research project have been finished?

¿Cuándo habrá sido terminado su proyecto de investigación? By the end of fall, they will have been taught to ski.

Para el final del otoño, les habrán enseñado a esquiar.

  6. Future perfectThe car will have been washedThe car will have been being washed

By noon, the city will have been flooded by heavy rain.Para el mediodía, la ciudad habrá sido inundada por la lluvia pesada.

Will this river have been polluted by the year 2020?¿Este río habrá sido contaminado antes del año 2020?

What will have been being done? - ¿Qué se habrá estado haciendo?, ejemplos

A house will have been being built. Se habrá estado construyendo una casa / Una casa habrá estado siendo construida

That cake will have been being baked for over two hours by the time you get

home.Esa torta se habrá estado horneando por más de dos horas para cuando llegues a casa.

Future (going to) - What is going to be done? Pasiva The car is going to be washed

    7. Future (going to)The car is going to be washedThe car is going to be being washed

El tiempo "Future (going to)" de la voz pasiva responde a la pregunta: "What is going to be done?" = ¿Qué se va a hacer? o "What is going to be being done?" = ¿Qué se va a estar haciendo?

What is going to be done? - ¿Qué se va a hacer?, ejemplos

A house is going to be built. Se va a construir una casa / Una casa va a ser construida

The jewels are going to be hidden in a safe place.

Las joyas van a ser escondidas en un lugar seguro. The meeting is going to be held tomorrow at 10:00 a.m.

La reunión va a ser llevada a cabo mañana a las 10:00 a.m. It is thought that the painting is not going to be sold without his authorization.

Se piensa que la pintura no va a ser vendida sin su autorización. Her attorney is sure that the lawsuit is not going to be lost.

Su abogado está seguro que el pleito no va a ser perdido. Are these bills going to be paid before they are due?

¿Van estas cuentas a ser pagadas antes de que estén vencidas? Is a war going to be fought between the two neighboring countries?

¿Va una guerra a ser luchada entre los dos países vecinos? All the staff is going to be told to attend the seminar.

Se le va a decir a todo el personal que asista al seminario.

Farmers are going to be asked to grow potatoes.Se les va a pedir a los agricultores que cultiven patatas.

What is going to be being done? - ¿Qué se va a estar haciendo?, ejemplos

A house is going to be being built. Se va a estar construyendo una casa / Una casa va a estar siendo construida

If that man wins the elections, the country is going to be being ruled by a

dictator.Si ese hombre gana las elecciones, el país va a estar siendo gobernado por un dictador.

Those toys are going to be being produced in China next year.Esos juguetes van a estar siendo producidos en China el año que viene.

Future Perfect (going to) - What is going to have been done? PasivaThe car is going to have been washed

    8. Future perfect (going to) The car is going to have been washedThe car is going to have been being washed

El tiempo "Future Perfect (going to)" de la voz pasiva responde a la pregunta: "What is going to have been done?" = ¿Qué se va a haber hecho? o "What is going to have been being done?" = ¿Qué se va a haber estado haciendo?

What is going to have been done? - ¿Qué se va a haber hecho?, ejemplos

A house is going to have been built. Se va a haber construido una casa una casa / Una casa va a haber sido construida

The project is going to have been completed before the deadline. El proyecto va a haber sido terminado antes de la fecha límite.

A new computer game is going to have been developed by December. Un nuevo juego de computadoras va a haver sido desarrollado para diciembre.

By this time tomorrow, many more areas in the city are going to have been affected by the flood. Para esta hora mañana, muchas más areas de la ciudad van a haber sido afectadas por la inundación.

By next year, the economy of this country is going to have been improved by the reforms underway. Para el año que viene, la economía de este país va a haber sido mejorada por las reformas en proceso.

These products are going to have been inspected before their shipment . Estos productos van a haber sido inspeccionados antes de su envío.

By the time they graduate from the academy, these young officers are going to have been given a complete training . Para el momento en que se gradúen de la academia, a estos jóvenes oficiales se les va a haber dado un entrenamiento completo.

The soldiers are going to have been transported to the war zone by helicopters during the night . Los soldados van a haber sido transportados a la zona de guerra por helicópteros durante la noche.

Look, if the ammunition is left here in the open, it is going to have been destroyed by the rain. Mira, si la munición se deja aquí en la intemperie, va a haber sido destruida por la lluvia.

Future in Past - What was going to be done? PasivaThe car was going to be washed

9. Future in pastThe car was going to be washedThe car was going to be being washed

El tiempo "Future in Past" de la voz pasiva responde a la pregunta: "What was going to be done?" = ¿Qué se iba a hacer? o "What was going to be being done?" = ¿Qué se iba a estar haciendo?

What was going to be done? - ¿Qué se iba a hacer?, ejemplos

A house was going to be built. Se iba a construir una casa / Una casa iba a ser construida

The soldiers thought they were going to be ambushed that night.Los soldados pensaban que ellos iban a ser emboscados esa noche.

It was believed that a ditch was going to be dug along the road.Se creía que una zanja iba a ser cavada a lo largo del camino.

The store was not going to be closed before 8:00 p.m.La tienda no iba a estar cerrada antes de las 8:00 p.m.

This incident was not going to be easily forgotten.Este incidente no iba a ser fácilmente olvidado.

Was a new song going to be recorded?¿Iba una nueva canción a ser grabada?

Were the parcels going to be sent yesterday?¿Iban los paquetes a ser enviados ayer?

I thought that a test pilot was going to be told to fly the plane.Pensé que se le iba a decir a un piloto de pruebas que volara el avión.

At first, the guests were going to be offered to choose their rooms.Al principio se les iba a ofrecer a los huéspedes que elijan sus cuartos.

What was going to be being done? - ¿Qué se iba a estar haciendo?, ejemplos

A house was going to be being built. Se va iba a estar construyendo una casa / Una casa iba a estar siendo construida

I thought this wall was going to be being painted by someone else, not by me.Pensé que este muro iba a estar siendo pintado por otra persona, no por mí.

They didn't get into the room because they thought that it was going to be being used by the managers of the company.No entraron a la sala porque pensaron que iba a estar siendo usada por los gerentes de la firma.

Future Perfect in Past - What was going to have been done? PasivaThe car was going to have been washed

10. Future perfect in pastThe car was going to have been washedThe car was going to have been being washed

El tiempo "Future Perfect in Past" de la voz pasiva responde a la pregunta: "What was going to have been done?" = ¿Qué se iba a haber hecho? o "What was going to have been being done?" = ¿Qué se iba a haber estado haciendo?

What was going to have been done? - ¿Qué se iba a haber hecho?, ejemplos

A house was going to have been built. Se iba a haber construido una casa una casa / Una casa iba a haber sido construida

That movie was originally going to have been directed by Francis Ford Coppola.Esa película originalmente iba a haber sido dirigida por Francis Ford Coppola.

They thought that, with the new monument, the city was going to have been visited by more tourists that year.Ellos pensaron que, con el nuevo monumento, la ciudad iba a haber sido visitada por más turistas ese año.

At first, the statue was going to have been made in bronze.Al principio, la estatua iba a haber sido hecha de bronce.

They figured the merchandise was going to have been sent that very day.Ellos pensaron que la mercancía iba a haber sido enviada ese mismo día.

They informed us that the stadium was going to have been closed for renovations.Ellos nos informaron que el estadio iba a haber sido cerrado por renovaciones.

The famous writer explained that his new novel was not going to have been translated into Spanish that year.

El famoso escritor explicó que su nueva novela no iba a haber sido traducida al español ese año.

The police thought that the robbers were going to have been caught that very day .La policía pensó que los ladrones iba a haber sido atrapados ese mismo día.

That poor child was going to have been adopted by a new family .Esa pobre criatura iba a haber sido adoptada por una nueva familia.

At first, those products were not going to have been manufactured in China.Al principio, esos productos no iban a haber sido fabricados en China.

Conditional - What would be done? PasivaThe car would be washed

11. ConditionalThe car would be washedThe car would be being washed

El tiempo "Conditional" de la voz pasiva responde a la pregunta: "What would be done?" = ¿Qué se haría? o "What would be being done?" = ¿Qué se estaría haciendo?

What would be done? - ¿Qué se haría?, ejemplos

A house would be built.

Se construiría una casa / Una casa sería construida Jeff would be invited to the party if he knew Cindy.

Jeff sería invitado a la fiesta si él conociera a Cindy. If there were a good candidate for this job, the vacancy would be filled.

Si hubiera un candidato bueno por este trabajo, el puesto sería ocupado. The goods would not be shipped if they were defective.

Los bienes no serían transportados si ellos fueran defectuosos. If this house had latent defects, it would not be put up for sale.

Si esta casa tuviera defectos ocultos, no sería puesta a la venta.

Would the witnesses be taken depositions if they knew nothing about the case?¿Se les tomaría declaraciones a los testigos si ellos no supieran nada sobre el caso?

Would Alice be asked to leave if the hostess did not invite her?¿Le pedirían a Alice que se marche si la anfitriona no la invitara?

Bob would be asked to mail the letters if he were the company's errand boy.A Bob le pedirían enviar las cartas si él fuera el chido de los mandados de la compañía.

His kids would be taught to drive if they were 18 years old.A sus niños se les enseñaría conducir si ellos tuvieran 18 años.

Conditional Perfect - What would have been done? Pasiva The car would have been washed

12. Conditional perfectThe car would have been washedThe car would have been being washed

El tiempo "Conditional Perfect" de la voz pasiva responde a la pregunta: "What would have been done?" = ¿Qué se habría hecho? o "What would have been being done?" = ¿Qué se habría estado haciendo?

What would have been done? - ¿Qué se habría hecho?,ejemplos

A house would have been built.

Se habría construido una casa / Una casa habría sido construida Mr. Benson would have been elected chairman of the board if he had been with

the firm for over ten years.El Sr. Benson habría sido decidido al presidente del consejo de administración si él hubiera estado con la firma durante más de diez años.

Your shirts would have been ironed if the maid had come yesterday.Tus camisas habrían sido planchadas si la criada hubiera venido ayer.

It is supposed that your horse would not have been tamed if he had been wild.Se supone que su caballo no habría sido domado si hubiera sido salvaje.

If the cook had learnt the recipe, the bread would have been baked properly.Si el cocinero hubiera aprendido la receta, el pan habría sido horneado correctamente.

Would Mr. Jones have been granted a loan if he had been unemployed?¿Habrían concedido al Sr. Jones un préstamo si él hubiera estado desempleado?

Would Ms. Baxter have been promoted if she had not been efficient?¿Habría sido promovida la Sra. Baxter si ella no hubiera sido eficiente?

They would have been offered to upgrade their computers if they had paid $500.Les habrían ofrecido para mejorar sus computadoras si ellos hubieran pagado 500 dólares.

My brother would have been paid to fix this microwave if he had had the tools to do so. Le habrían pagado a mi hermano para arreglar ese microondas si él hubiera tenido las herramientas para hacerlo.

Modals - What (could, must, should, …) be done? Pasiva The car (could, must, should, …) be washed

13. ModalsThe car (can, could, ...) be washedThe car (can, could, ...) be being washed

El tiempo "con Modals" de la voz pasiva responde a la pregunta: "What (must/could...) be done?" = ¿Qué se (debe/podría...) hacer? o "What (must/could...) be being done?" = ¿Qué se (debe/podría...) estar haciendo?

What (must/could...) be done? - ¿Qué se (debe/podría...) hacer?,ejemplos

A house (must/could...) be built. Se (debe/podría...) construir una casa / Una casa (debe/podría...) ser construida

Nothing can be done to solve this mystery.

Nada puede ser hecho para solucionar este misterio. Questions cannot be asked during the conference.

No se pueden hacer preguntas durante la conferencia. That book must not be returned to the library. It is mine.

Ese libro no debe ser devuelto a la biblioteca. Es mío. It is said that this system must be improved.

Se dice que este sistema debe ser mejorado.

A doctor should be called in case of accident.Se debería llamar un doctor en caso de accidente.

It is thought that the accused should not be sued for damages.Se piensa que el acusado no debería ser demandado por daños.

Could this old church be refurbished?¿Podría esta vieja iglesia ser restaurada?

Must the floor be kept clean?¿Debe mantenerse limpio el piso?

Should these towels be washed?¿Deberían estas toallas ser lavadas?

The speaker should be given a microphone to deliver his speech.Se le debería dar al orador un micrófono para que dé su discurso.

The janitor must be told to lock the front door.Al portero deben decirle que cierre con llave la puerta principal.

The carpenter should be asked to repair the fence.Al carpintero deberían pedirle que repare la cerca.

Modals + Have - What (could, must, should, …) have been done? Pasiva The car (could, must, should, …) have been washed

14. Modals + haveThe car (can, could, ...) have been washedThe car (can, ...) have been being washed

El tiempo "con Modals + have" de la voz pasiva responde a la pregunta: "What (must/could...) have been done?" = ¿Qué se (debe/podría...) haber hecho? o "What (must/could...) have been being done?" = ¿Qué se (debe/podría...) haber estado haciendo?

What (must/could...) have been done? - ¿Qué se (debe/podría...) haber hecho?,ejemplos

A house (must/could...) have been built. Se (debe/podría...) haber construido una casa / Una casa (debe/podría...) haber sido construida

The day had been hot and sunny. The garden should have been watered at

twilight.El día había estado caluroso y soleado. El jardín debería haber sido regado al anochecer.

Susan feels tired. She must have been working hard lately.Susan se siente cansada. Ella debe haber estado trabajando duro ultimamente.

These shoes should not have been mended. They are too old. Estos zapatos no deberían haber sido reparados. Son demasiado viejos.

Smokers should not have been allowed inside the restaurant.No deberían haber permitido a los fumadores entrar al restaurante.

Should the candles have been lit in the evening?¿Deberían las velas haber sido encendidas por la noche?

That statue should have been shown in the art gallery.Esa estatua debería haber sido mostrada en la galería de arte.

Johny was fired. I think he should have been given another opportunity.Johny fue despedido. Pienso que se le debería haber dado otra oportunidad.

Diana's death could have been prevented.La muerte de Diana se podría haber evitada.

The infection he had suffered might have been caused by the contaminated catheters.La infección que él había sufrido podría haber sido causada por los catéteres contaminados.

Could the party have been organized somewhere else?.¿Podría la fiesta haberse organizado en otra parte?

CAMBIOS DE LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES

Cambios de los tiempos verbales en el Reported Specch. El verbo principal retrocede un tiempo verbal: si en directo

tenemos: "I live in Italy". She said. En reported speech: "She said that she lived in Italy".

Direct Speech → Reported SpeechPresent →Past "I work in Argentina"   He said that he worked in Argentina"I am doing my job"   He said that he was doing his jobPast →Past Perfect "We saw a good film on TV"   He said they had seen a good film on TV."I was dancing with Mary"   He said he had been dancing with MaryPresent Perfect →Past Perfect "I have done this before"   She said that she had done that before"I have been doing this for two years"   He said that he had been doing that for two yearsFuture →Conditional"I will visit my mother"   He said that he would visit his mother"I will be flying to Spain"   He said that he would be flying to SpainFuture Perfect →Conditional Perfect"I will have arrived there by 5 pm"   He said he would have arrived here by 5 pm"I will have been selling books for two years"  He said that he would have been selling books for two years

Present → Past John: "I work in Argentina"

John: "Yo trabajo en Argentina" He said that he worked in Argentina

El dijo que trabajaba en Argentina Kelly: "I don't like fish"

Kelly: "No me gusta el pescado" She said she didn't like fish

Ella dijo que no le gustaba el pescado Joe: "I am doing my job"

Joe: "Estoy haciendo mi trabajo" He said that he was doing his job

El dijo que estaba haciendo su trabajo Pam and Tim: "We are living in New York"

Pam y Tim: "Estamos viviendo en Nueva York"

They said that they were living in New YorkEllos dijeron que estaban viviendo en Nueva York

Past → Past Perfect Dan: "We saw a good film on TV"

Dan: "Vimos una buena película en la televisión" He said that they had seen a good film on TV

El dijo que habían visto una buena película en la televisión Lou and Sarah: "We didn't read 'Hamlet'"

Lou y Sarah: "No leímos 'Hamlet'" They said that they hadn't read 'Hamlet'

Ellos dijeron que no habían leído 'Hamlet' Chuck: "I was dancing with Mary"

Chuck: "Estaba bailando con Mary" He said that he had been dancing with Mary

El dijo que había estado bailando con Mary Rick and Amy: "We weren't looking for Tom"

Rick y Amy: "No estábamos buscando a Tom" They said that they hadn't been looking for Tom

Ellos dijeron que no habían estado buscando a Tom

Present Perfect → Past Perfect Kim: "I have done this before"

Kim: "He hecho esto antes" She said that she had done that before

Ella dijo que había hecho eso antes Nick: "I haven't heard from Dean"

Nick: "No he sabido nada de Dean" He said that he hadn't heard from Dean

El dijo que no había sabido nada de Dean Chris: "I have been doing this for two years"

Chris: "He estado haciendo esto por dos años" He said that he had been doing that for two years

El dijo que había estado haciendo eso por dos años Kate: "I have been living here for 5 months"

Kate: "He estado viviendo aquí por 5 meses" She said that she had been living there for 5 months

Ella dijo que había estado viviendo allí por 5 meses

Future → Conditional Tom: "I will visit my mother"

Tom: "Visitaré a mi madre" He said that he would visit his mother

el dijo que visitaría a su madre Mark: "I won't listen to you"

Mark: "No te escucharé" He said that he wouldn't listen to me

El dijo que no me escucharía Phil: "I will be flying to Spain"

Phil: "Estaré volando a España" He said that he would be flying to Spain

El dijo que estaría volando a España Walt: "I will be staying at a good hotel"

Walt: "Me estaré hospedando en un buen hotel" He said that he would be staying at a good hotel

El dijo que se estaría hospedando en un buen hotel

Future Perfect → Conditional Perfect Jim: "I will have arrived there by 5 pm"

Jim: "Para las 5 pm habré llegado allí" He said that he would have arrived there by 5 pm

El dijo que habría llegado allí para las 5 pm Bob: "I will have sent all the products by tomorrow"

Bob: "Habré enviado todos los productos para mañana"

He said that the would have sent all the products by tomorrowEl dijo que habría enviado todos los productos para mañana

Sam: "I will have been selling books for two years"Sam: "Habré estado vendiendo libros por dos años"

He said that he would have been selling books for two yearsEl dijo que habría estado vendiendo libros por dos años

Cindy: "He will have been sleeping for 13 hours"Cindy: "El habrá estado durmiendo por 13 horas"

She said that he would have been sleeping for 13 hoursElla dijo que él habría estado durmiendo por 13 horas