Ventilation
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Transcript of Ventilation
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VENTILATIONVENTILATIONNFPA Standard 1001NFPA Standard 1001
Fire Fighter Professional Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications - 2002Qualifications - 2002
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ObjectivesObjectives
Understand ventilation as a Understand ventilation as a fire service toolfire service tool
Know the principles, Know the principles, advantages, and effects of advantages, and effects of ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a)3.10a)
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ObjectivesObjectives Identify the considerations for Identify the considerations for
proper ventilation (NFPA proper ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a)1001:3-3.10a)
Identify the types of ventilation Identify the types of ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a, 4-3.2a)(NFPA 1001:3-3.10a, 4-3.2a)
Describe ventilation techniques Describe ventilation techniques (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a, 3-3.11a, (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a, 3-3.11a, 3-3.11b)3-3.11b)
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ObjectivesObjectives
Describe the need for roof Describe the need for roof ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-ventilation (NFPA 1001:3-3.11a, 3-3.11b,4-3.2a)3.11a, 3-3.11b,4-3.2a)
Identify safety considerations Identify safety considerations when venting (NFPA 1001:3-when venting (NFPA 1001:3-3.10a)3.10a)
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ObjectivesObjectives
Describe the obstacles to Describe the obstacles to ventilation (NFPA 1001:4-3.2a)ventilation (NFPA 1001:4-3.2a)
Identify the factors affecting Identify the factors affecting ventilationventilation
Delmar, Firefighter’s Handbook, Delmar, Firefighter’s Handbook, Chapter 18Chapter 18
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Principles, Advantages, Principles, Advantages, and Effects of Ventilationand Effects of VentilationVentilation is the systematic removal of Ventilation is the systematic removal of
the byproducts of combustion.the byproducts of combustion.
It relieves the structure of heat.It relieves the structure of heat. It channels smoke out of the structure.It channels smoke out of the structure. It removes toxic gases from the It removes toxic gases from the
structure.structure.
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Considerations for Considerations for Proper VentilationProper Ventilation
Vertical ventilation is the removal of heat Vertical ventilation is the removal of heat and smoke through vertical channels.and smoke through vertical channels.
Horizontal ventilation is the removal of Horizontal ventilation is the removal of smoke and gases through horizontal smoke and gases through horizontal openings.openings.
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Types of VentilationTypes of Ventilation
NaturalNatural Opening of doors and windowsOpening of doors and windows Cutting a hole in the roofCutting a hole in the roof
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Types of VentilationTypes of Ventilation
MechanicalMechanical Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
(HVAC)(HVAC) Smoke fansSmoke fans Positive pressurePositive pressure
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Types of VentilationTypes of Ventilation
HydraulicHydraulic Fog stream out a window or other Fog stream out a window or other
openingopening Smooth bore with partially opened Smooth bore with partially opened
nozzle out a window or other openingnozzle out a window or other opening
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Ventilation TechniquesVentilation Techniques
Break windowsBreak windows
Open doorsOpen doors
Rope and a toolRope and a tool
For ventilating upper floor windows from For ventilating upper floor windows from aboveabove
Hook or pike poleHook or pike pole
HalliganHalligan
AxeAxe
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Ventilation TechniquesVentilation Techniques
Portable ladderPortable ladder
Aerial ladder tipAerial ladder tip
Negative pressure ventilationNegative pressure ventilation
Positive pressure ventilationPositive pressure ventilation
Introduction opening should be larger Introduction opening should be larger than exhaust openingthan exhaust opening
Cone of air should be larger than Cone of air should be larger than openingopening
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Roof VentilationRoof VentilationQuickest way is to use building featuresQuickest way is to use building features
SkylightSkylight
Scuttle coverScuttle cover
Bulkhead doorBulkhead door
When making holes, cut directly over the When making holes, cut directly over the fire when possiblefire when possible
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Roof VentilationRoof VentilationTypes of cutsTypes of cuts
Expandable cutExpandable cut
Produces hole as large as neededProduces hole as large as needed
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Roof VentilationRoof VentilationLouver cutLouver cut
A series of cuts parallel to the roof A series of cuts parallel to the roof joists, keeping them in the middle. When joists, keeping them in the middle. When opened, they look like hinged louversopened, they look like hinged louvers
Triangular cutTriangular cutGood for Q-decking over open web bar Good for Q-decking over open web bar
joistsjoists
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Roof VentilationRoof VentilationTrench cut or Strip cutTrench cut or Strip cut
Defensive in design and executionDefensive in design and executionUsed to cut off fire extensionUsed to cut off fire extension
Examination holesExamination holesKerf cut – cutting blade lowered Kerf cut – cutting blade lowered
into into roof material and pulled outroof material and pulled outTriangular cut – three intersecting Triangular cut – three intersecting kerf cutskerf cuts
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Safety ConsiderationsSafety Considerations
Will ventilation permit fire to Will ventilation permit fire to extend?extend?
Will the escape route be cut off?Will the escape route be cut off? Will ventilation endanger others?Will ventilation endanger others? Work in teamsWork in teams
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Obstacles to Obstacles to VentilationVentilation
AccessAccess
Security devicesSecurity devices
HeightHeight
Unfamiliar building layoutUnfamiliar building layout
TimingTiming
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Factors Affecting Factors Affecting VentilationVentilation
Partial openingsPartial openings
Partially broken windowsPartially broken windows
ScreensScreens
Roof materialRoof material
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Factors Affecting Factors Affecting VentilationVentilation
Dropped or hanging ceilingsDropped or hanging ceilings
Building sizeBuilding size
WeatherWeather
Opening windowsOpening windows
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Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
Ventilation is a tool that is to be Ventilation is a tool that is to be used like any other tool. It must used like any other tool. It must be understood, used to its be understood, used to its advantage, and applied advantage, and applied carefully.carefully.
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The EndThe End