VECTOCIDVECTOCID

Pathogeny Infestation level

Pasture house

climate Breed conditionsE ternal(heat, humidity) (feed,

hygiene…etc)

External parasites

Prevention planp

Phtirioses

Poux piqueurs (anoploures )Poux broyeurs (mellophages )

size : 1 à 2 mm

nutrition : skin Nutrition : Bloood

Biology : contact contamination3 larva

transformationh18 days

Mange

P tSarcoptes Psoroptes

+ + +

+ ++ +

Chorioptes

+

ticks

important diseases vector14-19 billions of dollars (Young et all., 1998)

80% of the cattles80% of the cattles

biologyC l ith diff t d tiCycle with differents duration

H I H II H III

Larveengorgé

Nympheengorgé

femelle engorgé

larve nympheMale ou femelle W

femelle engorgé

Monoxen Dixen Trixen obs2 to 8 weeks L H1

H1H1

3 to 10N H2 Frenquently birds, reptiles…

3 to 10 days

Ad H2 H3 Mainly big mamalian

Can be more than Ad 5000 To 30000 eggs

Th i d f t ti itThe periods of vectors activity on the hosts determine infections &

re-infections periods.

Climate

T°: dynamic factor T° limit per species

•Min : pause winter

•Max : activity

Humidity : static factor •Microclimat level

•Size of the tick•Size of the tick

•vegetation

Climate

sub-equatorial/tropics

D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J Fsub equatorial/tropics

Intermediate area

D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F

equatorial

D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F

Climate

humidity & la temperature control the ti it f th ti k

Eurasie septentrionale

activity of the ticks

N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F

Eurasie moyenneN D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F

Mediteranean zone Depend of species

N D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F122

Ticks pic activity

D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J Fsub-equatorial/tropicsD J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F

D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J FIntermediate area

D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J Fequatorial

N i lit i lt tiNo saisonality, simultaneous generation

Ticks control

Vegetationg

Controlclimate

host

species / area

Control system

StrategicTactic Strategic Tactic Traitement occasionnel :

Momentané sur les animaux parasités

Nécessite une bonne connaissance

• Écologie

S i t d i d tp

Traitement différencié :

Seulement les animaux qui présentent habituellement les plus

• Saison et dynamique des vecteurs

• Épidémiologie des maladiestransmises

P t d éd i d ièhauts niveaux d’infestations

Traitement intensif et régulier :

•Toute l’année

S i i

Permet de réduire de manière raisonnée la population de tick ciblée

•Saisonnier

•Sur les zones à forte pression demaladie

It’s better to have a yearly prophylactic plan in stand to wait infestations

Control using acaricides

species

Nearly all transmit diseases ECF is transmited by 3 y yspecies of ticks

(4 to 5 days on the animal only) Treatment every 2 to 3 weeksy

Short interval or remanent product

Th h i l bThe shortest interval between treatment are recomanded

Cattle immunity

+

stable endemic situation passive protection hight

cks

Cases ith endemic loss of passi efect

ed ti

Cases with endemic type

loss of passive protection

ber o

f inf

Critical endemique situation No passive protectionN

omb

-

Eradication

Safe area in the meadle of infected one

« trap situation »

imposible

&

To avoid

Mouches

Mouches piqueuses

Tabanidés(taon)

haematobia irritans stomoxys calcitrans Simulidès

lucilia sp

Mouches lécheuses

Musca autumnalis Musca stabulans

Mouches

Flyes

Parafilariosis

Thelaziosis

Cattle Infectious Kerato-conjonctivite

MastitisMastitis

Trypanosomiasis

Tse Tse

37 countries in Africa

4 5 billions dollars

kills 3 millions cattle

4,5 billions dollars

TseTse

31 species & sub species

Morsitans Palpalis Fusca

T T ( )•Tryp

•Sleeping sickness•Sleepingsickness

•Tryp (nagana)

Activity

D J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J FD J F M A M J Jt A S O N D J F

•Fast re-colonisation

•Speed mouvement•Speed mouvement

•Genetic crossing betwen species

TseTse

T t flTsetse flyMain vectorF d l i l b th bl d fFeed exclusively by the blood ofvertebratesThey become infected by feeding onThey become infected by feeding onparasitic animalscyclic transmission ≠ mechanical (other vectors)

Reproductive cycle

L1 L2 L3 Pupation L3

Soil

The disease (3)

weak fertilityO l l t thOnly one larva at the same moment

1 larva every 10 days1 larva every 10 days

6 to 8 larvae(3,5 month)

•Eradication is possible if 2 to 3% of females arekilled per day( Torr and al., 2003)

6 to 8 larvae

p y( , )

The fight against the vector is possible

Oth t•Others vectorsHorse-fly, stomoxes, simulies, haematobia, hydrotea,… M h i l T i i t t f th it Mechanical Transmission: transport of the parasites ontheir Mouthparts

SPECTRUM

active ingredient Ticks mange lice fly Melophagus

Formamidines Amitraz +++ +++ ++ + ++Deltaméthrin ++ ++ +++ +++ +++

PyréthrinoïdesCyperméthrin ++ + ++ +++ ++inj Ivermectin + ++ ++ - ++inj abamectin + ++ ++ - ++

Avermectinesj

CEVACEVA

3 MANUFACTURING SITESSPECIALIZED INSPECIALIZED IN

EXTERNAL PARASITICIDESEXTERNAL PARASITICIDES

Active ingredient Deltamethrin

indication Cattle , sheep, camels : ticks, fly (including Tse-Tse fly), manges, lice…

Side effects Usual recommandation for APE use : protection for the user, (mask, do notprotection for the user, (mask, do not smoke…)

Presentation 20 ml, 100 ml, 1 liter vials

Withdrawal period Meat & offal : 3 daysMilk : nil

Administration & dosage.

Spray : 1 ml for 1 litre of water (minimum 3 litres of solution / adult cattle). R

Dipping : 1 litre for 1 000 litres of water

Administration & dosage.

Dipping : 1 litre for 1 000 litres of water

Spray : 1 ml for 1 litre of water (minimum 3litres of solution / adult cattle).litres of solution / adult cattle).

Benefits-Broad spectrum

Effi & f t- Efficacy & safety

- Works fast

- Valuable Residual Power

- Different way of applicationy pp

- Presentations adapted to different size of herds

- Protects livestock and avoids expensive losses.

- No resistance in East Africa to Vectocid

- Effective against Tse Tse flies.

- Protects Livestock

-Saves Money for the Farmer

Protects Livestock

VECTOCID

A E l ifi bl C t t ( E C ) An Emulsifiable Concentrate ( E.C.)

A l ll t b li id A clear , yellow to brown liquid

Contains deltamethrin : Which is the most potent Contains deltamethrin : Which is the most potentinsecticide ever developed by man

Has very low mammalian toxicity.

More than 2,250 times more toxic for insects.

PROPERTY

VECTOCID remanent with low toxicity for mamalians &environment.

Flies & Insects 1 treatment every 6 to 8 weeksTseTse Fly 1 treatment every 2 to 4 weeksTicks 1 treatment every 2 weeksMange mites 2 treatments, 10 days interval

Mode of action : disturb the ionic permability.

Lice 1 treatment

Mode of action : disturb the ionic permability. If long contact Knock-down effect. A long residual effect such as that given by VECTOCID is of

great value in the control of ticks of all speciesgreat value in the control of ticks of all species

USAGE

Dipping

SpraySpray

Foot bathFoot bath