V.central Plains Part a. Texas to Missouri

8/7/2019 V.central Plains Part a. Texas to Missouri

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NORTH AMERICANNORTH AMERICAN

REGIONSREGIONSV. Central PlainsV. Central Plains


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InteriorInterior

LowlandsLowlands


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KeyKey

RedRed--Term to define and rememberTerm to define and remember

YellowYellow--Place to locate and rememberPlace to locate and remember

GreenGreen--Resource to know andResource to know andrememberremember

Bright GreenBright Green--Agricultural productAgricultural product

(crop) to remember(crop) to remember White,White, BlueBlue andand BrownBrown--Narration toNarration to

help understandinghelp understanding


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What do people usethe land for?What do people usethe land for?

cattlecattle


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Note thatNote that

the line tothe line toget intoget into

the U.S. isthe U.S. islongerlonger

than thethan theline to getline to getintointo

Mexico.Mexico. Why?Why?

MexicoMexico

UnitedUnitedStatesStatesBorderBorder


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These are people entering Nuevo Laredo, Mexico.These are people entering Nuevo Laredo, Mexico.

Some are US citizens looking for bargains, and someSome are US citizens looking for bargains, and someare Mexican citizens returning from working orare Mexican citizens returning from working or

shopping inshopping in Laredo.Laredo.


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Nuevo Laredo, MexicoNuevo Laredo, Mexico

Why would this store be aWhy would this store be a

destination for many USians?destination for many USians?


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Nuevo Laredo, MexicoNuevo Laredo, Mexico

The areas on both sides of the USThe areas on both sides of the US--Mexico border is aMexico border is a Transition ZoneTransition Zone..

Many of these things mostly caterMany of these things mostly cater

toto US customersUS customers..


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MaquiladorasMaquiladoras (not pictured) in(not pictured) inMexico produce goods for the USMexico produce goods for the US

market.market.


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This row of bars directly adjacent to theThis row of bars directly adjacent to the Rio GrandeRio Grandeprovides legal (and illegal) goods and services for USprovides legal (and illegal) goods and services for US

citizens.citizens.

Areas on the US side of the borderAreas on the US side of the border

are also influenced by Mexico.are also influenced by Mexico.

How?How?


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The Most Populated MetropolitanThe Most Populated Metropolitan

Area in TexasArea in Texas

DallasDallas

CBDCBD


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If its early in the morning, what direction areIf its early in the morning, what direction arewe traveling?we traveling?

HintHint

North Central TexasNorth Central Texas


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Llano EstacadoLlano Estacado

IrrigatedIrrigated

What is the crop?What is the crop?corncorn

Where does the water come from?Where does the water come from?

OgallalaOgallala AquiferAquifer


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Llano EstacadoLlano Estacado

IrrigatedIrrigated

Note the wide furrows for water!Note the wide furrows for water!


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What isthe crop?What isthe crop?


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cottoncotton

Texas is the leadingTexas is the leading cottoncotton

producing state (Cotton Bowl!).producing state (Cotton Bowl!).

Note theNote the excellent soil.excellent soil.


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Ifyou dontIfyou dontirrigate . . .irrigate . . .


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Here the owners have burned the land, trying to killHere the owners have burned the land, trying to killthe mesquite trees, to provide more grass forthe mesquite trees, to provide more grass for cattlecattle..

West TexasWest Texas

UnirrigatedUnirrigated


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MiningMining PhosphatePhosphate RockRock

Used for fertilizer and explosivesUsed for fertilizer and explosives


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From a National Park in southern New MexicoFrom a National Park in southern New Mexico

Looking NortheastLooking Northeast

Carlsbad NPCarlsbad NP

PlainsPlains

MountainsMountains


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From the Same PointFrom the Same Point

Guadalupe Mtns. NPGuadalupe Mtns. NPWhich direction are youWhich direction are you

looking?looking?


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This is the second largest city of the state immediatelyThis is the second largest city of the state immediatelynorth of most of Texas. What city is it?north of most of Texas. What city is it?

Tulsa,Tulsa, OklahomaOklahoma

What river is it?What river is it?

Arkansas RiverArkansas River

This is weeks after the annual floodThis is weeks after the annual floodof theof the ArkansasArkansas. What month?. What month?

JuneJune

Because all the major rivers of the plains have theirBecause all the major rivers of the plains have their

highest water then due to snowmelt in the Rockies.highest water then due to snowmelt in the Rockies.

CBDCBD


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Oklahoma CityOklahoma CityCBDCBD


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This river forms part of the border betweenThis river forms part of the border betweenOklahoma and Texas.Oklahoma and Texas.

Which river is it?Which river is it?

Red RiverRed River

Why is there so little water in it?Why is there so little water in it?

(Refer to Arkansas River.)(Refer to Arkansas River.)


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DefinitionsDefinitions

Transition ZoneTransition Zone an area betweenan area betweencultures where many examples of bothcultures where many examples of bothcultures may be seencultures may be seen

MaquiladoraMaquiladora a factory in a country witha factory in a country withlow labor cost that produces products forlow labor cost that produces products fora nearby country (chiefly in n. Mexico)a nearby country (chiefly in n. Mexico)

IrrigateIrrigate to add water to landto add water to land

AquiferAquifer porous underground rock withporous underground rock withwater stored in itwater stored in it


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LaredoLaredo

DallasDallas

TulsaTulsa

Oklahoma CityOklahoma City

LlanoLlano

EstacadoEstacado


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OilOil wellwell


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Another Meandering RiverAnother Meandering River

TheThe Missouri RiverMissouri River


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Oklahoma from theairOklahoma from theairThe squares and rectangles are caused by theThe squares and rectangles are caused by the

Township/RangeTownship/Range Land Division SystemLand Division System

It was originated to divide up the huge amount of landIt was originated to divide up the huge amount of landopening up to settlement in the Northwest Ordinance ofopening up to settlement in the Northwest Ordinance of

1787.It was first applied in Ohio.1787.It was first applied in Ohio.


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AA townshiptownship (yellow area below) is(yellow area below) isdivided into 36 square milesdivided into 36 square miles sections.sections.

TownshipTownship = 6 X 6 miles = 36 sq. miles= 6 X 6 miles = 36 sq. miles


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Each square mileEach square mile sectionsection is furtheris furtherdivided into smaller squares anddivided into smaller squares and

rectangles.rectangles.


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OklahomaOklahoma

From the AirFrom the Air

Leaving theLeaving theland lookingland looking

like alike acheckerboard.checkerboard.

Whats this?Whats this?


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sectionsection

Roads tend to travel alongRoads tend to travel along sectionsection lines.lines.

Why is it diverted?Why is it diverted?

pondpond

160160acresacres

640 acres640 acres

1 square1 squaremilemile


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Not only rectangles!Not only rectangles!

What causedWhat causedthe circles?the circles?


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http://www.kieffernaturestock.com/Colorado/KNS3/AGRIC2/PB02.JPGhttp://www.kieffernaturestock.com/Colorado/KNS3/AGRIC2/PB02.JPG

Source of waterSource of water

PivotPivot--head irrigation Systemhead irrigation System


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https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0523/5b055https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0523/5b055

sprinklersprinkler

Note theNote thebuildingsbuildings


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Therefore theTherefore theland is dividedland is divided

into squaresinto squaresand circlesand circles

throughout thethroughout the

Central PlainsCentral Plainsby theby the

TownshipTownship--

Range SurveyRange SurveySystemSystem..


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DefinitionDefinition

TownshipTownship the smallestthe smallestgovernmental unit in rural America;governmental unit in rural America;36 square miles36 square miles

SectionSection One square mileOne square mile

PivotPivot--HeadHead IrrigationIrrigation adding wateradding waterwith a sprinkler rotating around awith a sprinkler rotating around afixed source of water; results in largefixed source of water; results in largecircles on the landcircles on the land


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New Mexico in FebruaryNew Mexico in February

Which land division system is in useWhich land division system is in usehere?here?

SpanishSpanish

Frozen LakesFrozen Lakes


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IllinoisIllinois

How is this differentHow is this differentfrom Oklahoma?from Oklahoma?


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Notethe Drainage PatternsNotethe Drainage Patterns


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DrainageDrainage

Which way does theWhich way does thewater flow from point X?water flow from point X?

XX

DownDownstream, towardstream, towardthe riversthe rivers mouthmouth..

Where is the riversWhere is the riverssource?source?

ss

ss

ss

ss

ss

ss

ss

And hereAnd here

tributarytributaryWhat is the areaWhat is the area

inside the dotted line?inside the dotted line?

DrainageDrainageBasinBasin

The line itself is aThe line itself is a

dividedivide..


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Identify:Identify:

Direction of flowDirection of flow

SourceSource

TributaryTributary

Drainage BasinDrainage Basin

DivideDivide


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What is different from thewest?What is different from thewest?

reservoirreservoir

IllinoisIllinois


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MouthMouth the end of a river; where a riverthe end of a river; where a riverflows into a larger body of waterflows into a larger body of water

SourceSource the start of a river; where thethe start of a river; where the

river is smallest inside the landriver is smallest inside the land TributaryTributary a smaller river entering aa smaller river entering a

larger onelarger one

Drainage BasinDrainage Basin the area from which athe area from which a

river gathers its waterriver gathers its water DivideDivide -- the edge of a drainage basin;the edge of a drainage basin;

high ground near the sources of rivershigh ground near the sources of rivers


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Argonne NationalArgonne National

LaboratoryLaboratoryNear ChicagoNear Chicago

This cyclotron orThis cyclotron orsuper collider issuper collider is

over one mile inover one mile in

diameter.diameter.


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ChicagoChicago, Illinois, Illinois

The third largest city in the USThe third largest city in the US


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ChicagoChicago, Illinois, Illinois

SearsSearstowertower

HancockHancockBuildingBuilding


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DADAELEL

DADALOOPLOOP


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Chicago RiverChicago River


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Fireand Police on the RiverFireand Police on the River


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A fireboat honoring a DemocraticA fireboat honoring a Democratic

presidential candidate in Chicago.presidential candidate in Chicago.


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Chicago is renowned for its highChicago is renowned for its high--

risearchitecture.risearchitecture.


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WrigleyWrigley

BuildingBuildingTribuneTribuneTowerTower

MichiganMichiganAvenueAvenue


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From the LakefrontFrom the Lakefront


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Marina TowersMarina TowersApartmentsApartments


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Chicago NeighborhoodsChicago Neighborhoods

After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 many of these tiny,After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 many of these tiny,supposedly temporary houses were built.supposedly temporary houses were built.


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One of the first places in the worldOne of the first places in the worldwhere poor people were assisted.where poor people were assisted.

It is now surrounded by the U. ofIt is now surrounded by the U. ofIllinoisIllinois--Chicago campus, anChicago campus, anexample ofexample ofurban renewalurban renewal..

Chicago, like all USChicago, like all US


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Chicago, like all USChicago, like all UScities, has manycities, has many

ethnicethnic neighborhoods.neighborhoods.

What kind is this?What kind is this?

German butcherGerman butcher

And hatAnd hat ethnicethnic g o p is this?g o p is this?


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And whatAnd what ethnicethnic group is this?group is this?

HintHint

A d thi ?A d thi ?


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And this?And this?

Actually, its aActually, its a

UkrainianUkrainianOrthodoxOrthodox church.church.

These areThese are

also veryalso verycommon incommon inChicago.Chicago.


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WhatWhatdenominationdenomination

would thiswould thisbe?be?

Does thisDoes thishelp?help?

Guess Who!Guess Who!


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VolodymyrVolodymyr(Vladimir)?(Vladimir)?

OlhaOlha(Olga)?(Olga)?


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Truly, an allTruly, an all--AmericanAmerican

neighborhoodneighborhood

Typical Chicago streetTypical Chicago street


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yp gyp g

CBDCBD

Bohemian = CzechBohemian = Czech


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Approximately when did theApproximately when did theBohemians settle in Chicago?Bohemians settle in Chicago?

19231923

What is going on here?What is going on here?


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What is going on here?What is going on here?

CoalCoal seamseam Strip mineStrip mine

Overburden (soil)Overburden (soil)

Southern IllinoisSouthern Illinois


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overburdenoverburden

coalcoal

th l t t i ft th i ith l t t i ft th i i


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the last strip after the miningthe last strip after the mining

The mining company calls this restoredThe mining company calls this restored


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g p yg p yland.land.

Before mining this was IllinoisBefore mining this was Illinois

farmland with some of thefarmland with some of therichest soil in the world.richest soil in the world.

BaldwinBaldwin ReservoirReservoir waswas


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BaldwinBaldwin ReservoirReservoir waswascreated to provide the coalcreated to provide the coal

fired electric generating plantfired electric generating plant

with cooling water.with cooling water.

The dragline strips the overburdenThe dragline strips the overburden


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The dragline strips the overburden . . .The dragline strips the overburden . . .

while the shovel loads the truck.while the shovel loads the truck.

coalcoal


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RealRealbig!big!The worldsThe worlds

largest shovellargest shovel

now retired innow retired insoutheasternsoutheastern

KansasKansas..


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At the controlsAt the controls

KansasKansas from the top of thefrom the top of the


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KansasKansas--------------------from thetop of thefrom thetop of the

shovelshovel

The Last StripThe Last Strip


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The Last StripThe Last Strip

The coal havingThe coal havingbeen strippedbeen strippedfrom this area,from this area,

it was allowedit was allowedto fill withto fill with

water.water.

Mined landMined land

Not minedNot mined

What is this crop?What is this crop?

corncorn

The next time youThe next time you


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The next time youThe next time youhear that electricityhear that electricity

doesnt pollute,doesnt pollute,remember . . .remember . . .

The effects on theThe effects on theland of strip miningland of strip mining

The effects ofThe effects ofburning the coalburning the coal(acid rain, etc.)(acid rain, etc.)

Where does the coal go?Where does the coal go?


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A Power Plant in the Sunflower StateA Power Plant in the Sunflower State

Where does the coal go?Where does the coal go?


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ElEl the mass transit system ofthe mass transit system ofChicagoChicago

LoopLoop the CBD of Chicago; inside ofthe CBD of Chicago; inside ofthe loop of the Elthe loop of the El

Ethnic groupEthnic group a culturea culture

Strip mineStrip mine mining layers of mineralmining layers of mineralnear the surface by taking off thenear the surface by taking off theoverburden in long stripsoverburden in long strips

Where is this?Where is this?


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Now forthe Antithesis of ChicagoNow forthe Antithesis of Chicago(Direct opposite)(Direct opposite)

Where is this?Where is this?

Hint: You could all be here now!Hint: You could all be here now!

St. Paul Lutheran High School, Concordia, MissouriSt. Paul Lutheran High School, Concordia, Missouri

A bit west of Concordia isA bit west of Concordia is


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A bitwest of Concordia isA bitwest of Concordia is

Kansas CityKansas City


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Grain Storage ElevatorsGrain Storage Elevators

Grain is shipped down theGrain is shipped down theMissouri RiverMissouri River..


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Kansas CityKansas City, from, from KansasKansas

In late afternoonIn late afternoon


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KansasKansas


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What crop isthis?What crop isthis?

Grain sorghumGrain sorghum(Milo)(Milo)

A cattle feed that is more drought resistant than cornA cattle feed that is more drought resistant than corn


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The most important crop in KansasThe most important crop in Kansas

wheatwheat


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HarvestingHarvesting wheatwheatwith combineswith combines

What month is it?What month is it?

June!June!

Winter wheatWinter wheat is planted in fall, goesis planted in fall, goes


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Obviously rain isnt always good for cropsObviously rain isnt always good for crops

Winter wheatWinter wheat is planted in fall, goesis planted in fall, goesdormant during winter, uses meltingdormant during winter, uses melting

snow to grow in spring and is harvestedsnow to grow in spring and is harvestedin late spring or early summer.in late spring or early summer.

Where it is colderWhere it is colder spring wheatspring wheat, like, likemost crops, is planted in the spring andmost crops, is planted in the spring and

harvested in the fall.harvested in the fall.


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Since combines cost around $200,000Since combines cost around $200,000some farmers hire custom harvesters.some farmers hire custom harvesters.

Custom harvesters bring their own machinery (andCustom harvesters bring their own machinery (andeven sometimes their own living quarters). They starteven sometimes their own living quarters). They startin the southern plains in midin the southern plains in mid--spring and travel north,spring and travel north,following the ripening wheat, ending in the Canadianfollowing the ripening wheat, ending in the CanadianPlains in late fall.Plains in late fall.

The wheat must be storedThe wheat must be stored


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Thewheat mustbestoredThewheat mustbestored

somewhere.somewhere.

Th Sk f th Pl iTh Sk f th Pl i


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The Skyscrapers ofthe PlainsThe Skyscrapers ofthe Plains

Salina, KansasSalina, Kansas

E t C l dE t C l d


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As you travel west the climate becomes drier.As you travel west the climate becomes drier.

Dry farmingDry farming leaves the landleaves the land fallowfallow every otherevery otheryear to accumulate moisture .year to accumulate moisture .

This way wheat can be grown with 15 of rain.This way wheat can be grown with 15 of rain.

Eastern ColoradoEastern Colorado

D F i i E t C l dD F i i E t C l d


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DryFarming in Eastern ColoradoDryFarming in Eastern Colorado

Where its too dry for any farming what wouldWhere its too dry for any farming what would


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Where it s too dry for any farming what wouldWhere it s too dry for any farming what wouldyou do with the land?you do with the land?

This is pasture.This is pasture.

The native bison have been replaced byThe native bison have been replaced bycattlecattle..

Th (W t ) E d f th Pl iTh (W t ) E d f th Pl i


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The (Western) End ofthe PlainsThe (Western) End ofthe Plains

ColoradoColorado

plainsplains

mountainsmountains

L ki t d f th R kiL ki t d f th R ki


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Looking eastward from the RockiesLooking eastward from the Rockies

Toward . . .Toward . . .

DD C l dC l d


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DenverDenver, Colorado, Colorado


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D fi itiD fi iti


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Winter wheatWinter wheat a cereal grain planted ina cereal grain planted infall and harvested in late spring or earlyfall and harvested in late spring or earlysummer to take advantage of wintersummer to take advantage of winterprecipitationprecipitation

Spring wheatSpring wheat a grass planted for thea grass planted for theseed kernels in spring and harvested inseed kernels in spring and harvested inthe fallthe fall

Dry farmingDry farming using land every other yearusing land every other yearto preserve moisture in the soilto preserve moisture in the soil

FallowFallow not using a piece of ground for anot using a piece of ground for ayearyear

IowaIowa


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The thickest, richestThe thickest, richest soilsoil inin

the worldthe worldthanks to the icethanks to the icesheets that depositedsheets that deposited

Canadas soil here duringCanadas soil here during

the ice ages.the ice ages.

What do we use the land for?What do we use the land for?

Corn, soybeansCorn, soybeans andand hogshogs

Th Thr M jor Gr inTh Thr M jor Gr in


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The Three Major GrainsThe Three Major Grains

WheatWheat needs 15needs 15--2525

of waterof water 140 day140 day

growing seasongrowing season Highest proteinHighest protein Has glutenHas gluten Used for breadUsed for bread

CornCorn Needs 25Needs 25--

40 of water40 of water 170 day170 day

growinggrowingseasonseason Most caloriesMost calories

per poundper pound Most used forMost used for

animal feedanimal feed Can beCan be

convertedconverted totoethanol, oil orethanol, oil orsugarsugar

RiceRice

Needs 40Needs 40--80 of80 ofwaterwater

200 day growing200 day growingseasonseason

Most calories perMost calories peracreacre

Grows in standingGrows in standing

waterwater

Now, where are we?Now, where are we?


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HintHint

V.central Plains Part a. Texas to Missouri

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