1. VarietiesofEnglishGabriel Fernando Jara MuozCHAPTER 1 SECTION 2

2.

Types of variation

depends on theUSEand theUSERof the languages REGION SOCIAL GROUP FIELD OF DISCOURSEMEDIUMATTITUDE user wherepeople live withwhompeople relate changeable changeofregion changeofsocial group use situationpurpose activities spoken/ written participants relationship relate to the relate to the it can be if there is either a or according to relateto 3. Regional Varieties DIEALECTS A variety of a language used by a certain group of people, usuallyBecause of regional differences. EnglishVariation 2 English Variation 1 4. Social variations Socioeconomicgroup Ethnicgroup Education Educated Uneducated Unable to get dialect differences Grammar mistakes PrestigeSocial institution StandardEnglish

High

Middle

Low

Black

Asian

Hispanic

Etc

gives recognized by which isunderstood as are make non-standardEnglish recognized by 5. Standard English UniformityLinguisticorganization Spelling & Punctuation British EnglishAmericanEnglish Spread ofIdentical Material Grammar & Vocabulary one type of with two subsystems one strong type of non material culture Increasingimpact of closer world communication which seems to be because of thetype of organization Neutral, formalstyles of writing 6. National Standards of English British&American English Other National Standards predominantGrammaticaldifferences LexicalDifferences thousands book per year spread institutionalizing & establishing are consideredvarieties of English because are because of the by which helps to thehave slight Neutralized MassCommunication they can be through English as aSecond languageEmerging Standards It has adopted quite number of words from indigenousMaoris New Zeland E The increase inwealth , population and world affairs Australian E Differences in vocabulary have been developed for the influence of theAfrikaansSouth African E The assertion of an independentnational identity Canadian E Educational& broadcastingsystemsIrish E lallans Scots lexical, grammatical, phonological, orthographical differences Scot E 7. Standard English Pronunciation has Distinctfactors in National Standards BrE such as RP prestige old schools & universities non regional taught as a foreignlanguage Fields ofDiscourse language use has to deal with situations in certain e lexical items which involves Dialects according to varies in Medium spoken/ written can be derivefrom Situational Transmission of language by speech implies Absence of theperson addressed Elements contain more

stress

rhythm

intonation

tempo

Attitude style ofcommunication formal/ informal can be is adepends on the hearer/ reader topic type of communication 8. Acceptability and FrequencyCommon core shared in AmE and BrECommonFeatures Unmarked NeutralMedium/ Attitude Marked ExclusivelyFeatures No-neutral Medium/ Attitude Written/ Spoken Formal/ Informal speaker/writer hearer/reader such as such as some are can be depending on the Grammar Marginal Central can be Morphology Syntax acceptable unacceptable can be