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Cancer, Simian Virus 40 (SV40), and Polio Vaccine FactSheet

SV40 is a virus found in some species of monkey.

SV40 was discovered in 1960. Soon afterward, the virus was found in poliovaccine.

More than 98 mill ion Americans received one or more doses ofpoliovaccine from 1955 to1963 when a proportion of vaccine was contaminated with SV40; it has been estimated that 1030 million Americans could have received an SV40 contaminated dose of vaccine.

SV40 virus has been found in certain types ofcancerin humans, but it has not beendetermined that SV40 causes these cancers.

The majority of scientific evidence suggests that SV40-contaminated vaccine did not causecancer; however, some research results are conflicting and more studies are needed.

Polio vaccines being used today do not contain SV40. All of the current evidence indicates thatpoliovaccines have been free of SV40 since 1963.

Additional Facts

In the 1950s, rhesus monkey kidney cells, which contain SV40 if the animal is infected, wereused in preparing poliovaccines. Because SV40 was not discovered until 1960, no one was

aware in the 1950s that poliovaccine could be contaminated.

SV40 was found in the injected form of the poliovaccine (IPV), not the kind given by mouth(OPV).

Not all doses of IPV were contaminated. It has been estimated that 1030 million peopleactually received a vaccine that contained SV40.

Some evidence suggests that receipt of SV40-contaminated poliovaccine may increase risk ofcancer. However, the majority of studies done in the U.S. and Europe which compare personswho received SV40-contaminated poliovaccine with those who did not have shown no causalrelationship between receipt of SV40-contaminated poliovaccine and cancer.

More Information

For in-depth information about SV40, poliovaccine, and cancer, see ourfrequently askedquestions.National Immunization Hotline:English 1 (800) 232-2522Spanish 1 (800) 232-0233

Page last modified: October 22, 2007Content source: Immunization Safety Office

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