PowerPoint Presentation

Title: The Revolution of Mobile Learning Volda ElliottStudent ID: Volda.elliott@waldenu.eduStudent ID # A00400963

Program: PhD in Education Educational TechnologyEDUC 8345C-1 eLearningDr. Heng Yu-Kuheng-yu.ku@waldenu.edu Walden University04/28/2016

mLearning : Past , Present and Future

Agenda

Perspectives of m-learning

Technocentric

Relationship to e-learning

Augmenting formal education

Learner-centered

According to Chandler, (2015), current perspectives on mobile learning generally fall into the following four broad categories.

IntroductionAlthough mobile has been gaining in popularity over the last couple of years, it certainly isnt new. Laurillard (2007) has defined mobile learning as eLearning through mobile computational devices a definition similar to the view that there is a common agreement that m-learning is eLearning through mobile computational devices and learning across contexts.

Learning activities reportedly supported by m-learning also point to some distinction. They include:1. exploring a physical environment2. discussing with peers synchronously and asynchronously3. capturing data through sound, images and text4. adapting learning in the light of feedback or comment5. reflection using shared knowledge products (Laurillard, 2007)Laurillard, D. (2007). Pedagogical forms for mobile learning. In Pachler, N. ed., Mobile Learning: towards a research agenda. London: Institute of Education University of London

Cleyo Lawrence () - Space before (Volda Elliott () - Two eyes always beterEducation Shift Researchers have examined the use of mobile and social learning as a method to improve students performance and move away from eLearning (Rogers. 2000).

Mobile technology is becoming more accessible in our society today. The profound changes are increasingly infiltrating the education system from nursery to university.

Cleyo Lawrence () - Perhaps you should use either eLearning or e-learning consistently. Researchers ViewsWalker, (2006) widely recognized that mobile learning is not just about the use of portable devices but also about learning across contexts ,

Peters (2007) viewed mobile learning as a useful component of the flexible learning model,

Brown, (2005) identified mobile learning as an extension of e-learning.

History of m-Learning

Mobile learning has occupied a space within e-learning; at its inception it was largely a stopgap effort to provide digital distance education even when there was no connectivity, in places such as submarines and forward basesThe mobile content consisted of downloadable text files, videos, and audio which could be played on a laptop or loaded onto various mobile devices, ranging from audio and video players, handheld computers (Dell Axim was an early favorite).Discussion thread topics were provided as well, and the student could prepare a response to be posted when at a computer with connectivity.Smartphone mobile learning was possible via the early iPhones and iTouches, as well as smartphones with cameras. Rikala , J. (2015). Designing a mobile learning framework for a formal educational context. Retrieved from https://jyx.jyu.fi/dspace/.../978-951-39-6311-8_vaitos06112015.pdf?...1

Cleyo Lawrence () - You might want to cut these images then spread and zoom them over a few pages so that the text is clear.Volda Elliott () - thats for your comment

Years of human ingenuity and innovation Early 1980s: The Introduction of Personal Computers1990: The Development of Multimedia PC1999: The Word eLearning was BornEarly 2000s: The Dot Com Boom 2004: The Ascendancy of Web 2.02005: The Rise of Flash Video2008: The Beginning of the Mobile Web2010: The Reign of HTML52013: The Introduction of Tin Can API(Gutierrez.2014)

The early prototypes were, of course, crude versions of our current personal computers. Those were all read-only technologies, Web 1.0 as people call it. A major breakthrough took place in 1984 when Apple's Macintosh computer was introduced. In November 1999, Elliott Masie coined the word "eLearning"The term has always been used to refer to learning using the web or any other electronic medium.The World Wide Web became mainstream, thanks to investors throwing money at anything web-related between 1995 and 2000. CD-ROMs quickly became a thing of the past. In 2005, Adobe bought Macromedia and transformed it into Adobe Flash. It took of way too quickly, like a rocket.The mobile web started just a few years ago. Smartphones were introduced, Internet-enabled tablets came next, and you probably have witnessed the rest of the story. People in the office or at school has to have a mobile device. We modern-day, tech-savvy users expect that from everyone. It's worth noting how Apple's iPod Touch, iPhone and iPad lines helped transform the way developers create educational software, the way teachers teach and the way students learn. The era of the mobile web has not ended yet. It's only just begun. Experts suggest that mobile-enabled Internet access will eventually overtake desktop access by 2015. No other emerging technology has changed the way we interact with content online than HTML5. This latest evolution of HTML, supplemented by CSS3 and JavaScipt, opened up a host of game-changing features.Released on April 26, 2013, Tin Can API is the lastest version of SCORM tasked to solve many issues that plague the older versionsGutierrez,K. (2014) Great Moments in eLearning History. Retrieved from http://info.shiftelearning.com/blog/bid/343658/10-Great-Moments-in-eLearning-History

The current educational model is outdated because it was developed before the advent of ICT technologies (Kearneya , Schucka , Burdenb and Aubussona. 2012) Our Shifting World

Kearneya. M, Schucka. S, Burdenb. K and Aubussona. P( 2012) Viewing mobile learning from a pedagogical perspective. Retrieved fromhttp://www.researchinlearningtechnology.net/index.php/rlt/article/view/14406

The current eLearning wired model, supports a classroom-based face-to-face delivery, and is geared towards educating a certain segment of the population. . According to researchers mobile technology has the scope to transform pedagogy to meet 21st century educational criteria (Kearney, et al. 2012)

Cleyo Lawrence () - et al., but only if you have used this citation on a previous slide?Volda Elliott () - Thank you. C

Naismith et al (2004), have identified a number of examples of how mobile technology can be appropriated in a learning context from a behaviorist, constructivist, situated, collaborative, informal and lifelong learning, andteaching support perspectives.

Walker, (2006) widely recognized that mobile learning is not just about the use of portable devices but also about learning across contexts(Peters (2007) viewed mobile learning as a useful component of the flexible learning model

Current State of mLearning

As more and more content is being consumed on mobile devices, mobile learning is arguably the way forward for online education. Online Academy brings m-learning to your learners who can access your online academy on their mobile devices using WizIQ Apps for Android and iOS. The WizIQ Apps allow learners of your academy to access your instructional content anytime, anywhere. With Online Academy, learning never stops.Verma, A. (2015). Claim whats yours. Claim your academy now http://www.wiziq.com/teachblog/online-academy-your-brand-your-website/ ( 2015)

Emerging Pedagogies for mLearning

Social Constructivism

Heutagogy

Complexity Theory

Rhizomatic Learning

Connectivism

Navigationism

Research into mobile learning have expose institutions to change their pedagogical approach, answering students requirements, anywhere anytime and access to information on any devices. (Chen ,Kao and Sheu, 2003)

Social constructivism refers to learning as the result of the active participation in a community where new meanings are co-constructed by the learner and his/her community, and knowledge is the result of consensus (Gruender, 1996; Savery and Duffy, 1995 in Brown, 2006).As a learning theory, heutagogy is an extension of andragogy and borrows heavily from complexity, systems and constructivism theoriesThis paradigm was concerned with discreet elements acting upon each other in self-enclosed systems.

Rhizomatic learning views ideas as multiple, interconnected, self-replicating and having no beginning and end

On explaining connectivism as a learning paradigm, Downes (2010) says it is the thesis that knowledge is distributed across a network of connections, and therefore that learning consists of the ability to construct and traverse those networks

Navigationism is a learning paradigm in which learners find, identify, manipulate and evaluate information and knowledge.

As more and more content is being consumed on mobile devices, mobile learning is arguably the way forward for online education. Online Academy brings m-learning to your learners who can access your online academy on their mobile devices using WizIQ Apps for Android and iOS. The WizIQ Apps allow learners of your academy to access your instructional content anytime, anywhere. With Online Academy, learning never stops.

Verma, A. (2015). Claim whats yours. Claim your academy now http://www.wiziq.com/teachblog/online-academy-your-brand-your-website/ ( 2015)

SOME CURRENT STATISTICS

82% Of all US/western european consumers now have access to the mobile internet on their mobile devices.

32% use the mobile internet

18% more expect to use it more this year

41% of those without the internet on their mobile device expect to have it on their next device

10% have made purchases based on web ads

13% who saw a web ad asked for more information on a product.

20% Of mobile users have paid for content on their phones

Highest category is tech news (24%) followed by travel/lifestyle (21%) and reference (20%)

Smartphone purchases grew by 192% worldwide last year.

While the iphone was a substantial component of the, the blackberry 8830 and nokia e90 series also saw substantial growth.

Nokia, blackberry and apple are 1,2,3 in smartphones

In time, technology improvements allowed us to have all of the gadgets that we loved in one pocket-sized treasure: the smartphone. Since 91 percent of U.S. adults now own a cell phone, mobile devices are playing an increasingly central role in the way that people access information

Ferriman, J. ( 2015) Mobile learnig trends. Retrieved from http://www.learndash.com/12-mobile-learning-trends-on-the-rise/

The disperse of m-Learning in education For the first time in ICT history, we have the right time, the right place and the right idea to have a huge impact on education: handheld computing (Soloway,2003).

Mobile Web Access is growing at 15-20% monthly; Mobile internet growth is 8x greater than PC-based growth; Mobile social networking sites are getting more popular, mobile Facebook has 4 million users a day (Adkins, 2011)

M- learning system SchoolStudent Curriculum designContentLearning styleServiceDeviceInfrastructure ParentsM-Learning

M-learning system consists of technology, stakeholders, and the appropriate pedagogy to meet the educators and learners needs. Each stakeholder have different preferences for what the education system should look like either at the k-12 or university level. Freitas ,A. & Eliane,S.(2013) Mobile Learning: Definition, Uses and Challenges In Increasing StudentEngagement and Retention Using Mobile Applications: Smartphones, Skype and Texting Technologies.2013 pp.47-82.

The Success of m- Learning m-Learning is the port for such evolution in education and for it to succeed, educators and developers must have a collective approach to the process (Chandler , 2015).

Successful integration of mobile devices is about redefining lessons in terms of students participation. Therefore

The current trends in mobile computing are towards devices that are even more embedded, ubiquitous and networked than those available today. The capabilities of mobile phones, PDAs, games consoles and cameras will likely merge within the next five to ten years to provide a networked, multimedia device that is always with you. Integrated context-aware capabilities will transform everyday activities by providing the ability to capture details about the time, location, people around you and even the weather. The entire internet will become both personal and portable.

M-Learning Beyond the Classroom Mobile communication coupled with personal computing devices present a new paradigm for learning(Amry. 2014). As the technology continues to disperse wider in the education area, more educators are seeking to meet learners anywhere and anytime.

Mobile Web Access is growing at 15-20% monthly; Mobile internet growth is 8x greater than PC-based growth; Mobile social networking sites are getting more popular, mobile Facebook has 4 million users a day (Adkins, 2011).

By 2006, data network access from personally owned mobile devices will be the leading problem facing higher education IT managers.Gartner (2004)

Some Challenges

Number of file/asset formats supported by a specific device

Content security or copyright issue from authoring group

Multiple standards, multiple screen sizes, multiple operating systems

Different mobile platforms such as iOS, Android, Windows 7, etcTechnical challengesSocial and educational challenges

How to assess learning outside the classroom

How to support learning across many contexts

Content's security or pirating issues

Frequent changes in device models/technologies/functionality etc.

Design of technology to support a lifetime of learning (Sharples, 2000; Moore, 2009)

Crescente, Mary Louise; Lee, Doris (2011). "Critical issues of M-Learning: design models, adoption processes, and future trends". Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers 28 (2): 111123.Elias, Tanya (February 2011). "Universal Instructional Design Principles for Mobile Learning". International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning 12 (2): 143156.Sharples, M. (2000). "The design of personal mobile technologies for lifelong learning". Computers & Education 34 (3-4): 177193. doi:10.1016/S0360-1315(99)00044-5.

Mobile device user interfaces (UI) which provide a new mechanism for human computer interaction sequences such as multi-touch interfaces, image recognition, code scanning, etc that have not been previously explored in research and there is not any established user interface guidelines exist

Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V. & Freeman, A. (2014). NMC Horizon Report: 2014 Higher Education Edition. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium.

The worldwide market for mobile learning products and services has reached $5.3 billion, and will reach $12.2 billion by 2017, reports Ambient Research (Lankford.2014)

Mobile is a rapidly growing platform for workplace learning.

Lankford, L,A. (2014) Mobile learning: Past, present, and future. Retrieved from http://www.training-pros.com/newsroom/learning-highlights/mobile-learning-evolution

Future The future of mobile learning depends largely on the level of social acceptance it receive from participants (Bansal .2014)

Technology will be more accessible, affordable and functional,Devices will be able to collect, synthesize and analyse massive amounts of data,Language barriers will be broken down,Energy sources and power capacity will improve,New forms of Assessment (UNESCO 2013)

Global Perspective

The future of mobile technology looks very bright. In fact, it will be the focus of most new tech for the next 5 to 10 years. It will not only transform our personal and home lives, but the education system and our work lives as well.

Todays mobile devices have completely changed the ways we interact with the world around us.

UNESCO (2013). The Future of mobile learning: implications for Unesco. Retrieved from nesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002196/219637E.pdf

Current application of m-learning Key Smartwatches Control

Payment Wearables

Assessment

Mobile continues to one of the fastest evolving technologies on the planet. The use of these technologies has only just started exploring the unique possibilities these devices add to the learning and performance. mLearnCon continues to be the premier event to find out how to harness to potential of mobile, and to explore what opportunities exist in this space. Its also the place to explore the unique turning point mLearning is approaching, and to be a part of the conversation that helps shape what the future will hold.Cerra ,A. (2015)Three Perspectives on the Future of Mobile Learning. Retrieved from http://twist.elearningguild.net/2015/05/three-perspectives-on-the-future-of-mobile-learning/

Future trend of m-learning education

Location- based learning

Augmented reality

Wearable Learning

Learning implants

Ambient intelligence

While these trends may seem superficial, they actually have a greater impact on instructional design than one would initially think (Pollard, 2011)

As the development of mobile technology continues to expand, it is likely for the trend to go in the following directions;Location- based learning : Mobile devices have some unique affordances: They offer location-sensors (e.g., GPS, RFID, WLAN) and they can deliver multimedia content that is time- and place-relevant. Opportunities for embedded assessment can also be used to assess and fine-tune mlearning design. Augmented reality (AR) AR allows people to add digital content to printed material, geographic locations and objects. Then using a smart device or tablet, viewers can scan an object and the digital content will appear. The digital information can range from a link to a website, an invitation to make a phone call, a video, a 3D model or any other supported digital information. Wearable learning ( WL) in education can increase a childs ability to more naturally interact with their environment, and to be be creative and innovative. Students can more easily access information without any obstructions

Pollard, P. (2011). Mobile learning in higher education: a glimpse and a comparison of student and faculty readiness, attitudes and perceptions. Retrieved from etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-11042011.../PollaraFinalDissertation.pdf

iPads, Tablets, Smartphones, Touch-screens and Augmented Reality spectacles, are all the rage now, but what about the day after tomorrow ???

What more for the Future of mLearning ??

slim interface technology imaging chip

ICloud

Researchers have designed an imaging chip that could turn mobile phones into devices that can see through the wall, wood, plastic, paper and other object. The team of researchers has found a way to make the terahertz band of the electromagnetic spectrum the spectrum band between microwaves and infrared light usable for medical or consumer devicesOriginally Posted: http://thetechjournal.com/tech-news/new-imaging-technology-would-let-cellphones-see-through-walls.xhtml#ixzz47D58IUbnFollow us: @TheTechJournal on Twitter

for thinking about the FUTURE of Mobile learning

References Adkins, S.S. (2011). "The US Market for Mobile Learning Products and Services: 2010-2015 Forecast and Analysis". Ambient Insight. P.5Ally, M. & Prieto-Blzquez, J. (2014). What is the future of mobile learning in education? Mobile Learning Applications in Higher Education [Special Section]. Revista de Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento (RUSC). Vol. 11, No 1. pp. 142-151. doi http://doi.dx.org/10.7238/rusc.v11i1.2033Amry, A, B. ( 2014). The impact of whatsapp mobile social learning on the achievement and attitudes of female students compared with face to face learning in the classroom. Retrieved from http//: www eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/viewFile/3909/3700Bansal ,D. (2014) A Study of Students' Experiences of Mobile Learning. Retrieved from http//: www. socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/viewFile/1326/1267Cerra ,A. (2015)Three Perspectives on the Future of Mobile Learning. Retrieved from http://twist.elearningguild.net/2015/05/three-perspectives-on-the-future-of-mobile-learning/Chandler, (2015).Pedagogy Should Always Precede Technology: SAS Curriculum Pathways Mobile Learning.Retrieved from http://gettingsmart.com/2015/11/pedagogy-should-always-precede-technology-sas-curriculum-pathways-mobile-learning/

References continueChen, Y.S., . Kao T.Cand. Sheu, J.P ( 2003) A mobile learning system for scaffolding bird watching learning. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.0266-4909.2003.00036.x/abstract;jsessionid=E9AD2175B781BA0567E784DD5195F202.f01t01Crescente, Mary Louise; Lee, Doris (2011). "Critical issues of M-Learning: design models, adoption processes, and future trends". Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers 28 (2): 111123.Elias, Tanya (February 2011). "Universal Instructional Design Principles for Mobile Learning". International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning 12 (2): 143156.Ferriman, J. ( 2015) Mobile learning trends. Retrieved from http://www.learndash.com/12-mobile-learning-trends-on-the-rise/Gartner (2002). SMS bigger than email in Europe. In Nua Internet Surveys. Cited in TAD Consortium Dec 2002 Information Update No. 4, Telematics for African Development, Johannesburg, South AfricaGutierrez,K. (2014) Great Moments in eLearning History. Retrieved from http://info.shiftelearning.com/blog/bid/343658/10-Great-Moments-in-eLearning-HistoryJohnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V. & Freeman, A. (2014). NMC Horizon Report: 2014 Higher Education Edition. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium.

Kearneya. M, Schucka. S, Burdenb. K and Aubussona. P( 2012) Viewing mobile learning from a pedagogical perspective. Retrieved fromhttp://www.researchinlearningtechnology.net/index.php/rlt/article/view/14406Lankford, L,A. (2014) Mobile learning: Past, present, and future. Retrieved from http://www.training-pros.com/newsroom/learning-highlights/mobile-learning-evolution

Laurillard, D. (2007). Pedagogical forms for mobile learning. In Pachler, N. ed., Mobile Learning: towards a research agenda. London: Institute of Education University of LondonNaismith, L., Lonsdale, P., Vavoula, G., Sharples, M., (2004). In Literature Review in mobileTechnologies and Learning. Futurelab Series

Peters, K. (2007). m-Learning: Positioning educators for a mobile, connected future. International Journal Of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 8(2), 1-17.Pollard, P. (2011). Mobile learning in higher education: a glimpse and a comparison of student and faculty readiness, attitudes and perceptions. Retrieved from etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-11042011.../PollaraFinalDissertation.pdfRichardson, W. (2008). Footprints in the digital age. Educational Leadership, 66(3), 16-19 Retrieved from :http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational_leadership/nov08/vol66/num03/Footprints_in_the_Digital_Age.aspxRikala , J. (2015). Designing a mobile learning framework for a formal educational context. Retrieved from https://jyx.jyu.fi/dspace/.../978-951-39-6311-8_vaitos06112015.pdf?...1Rogers, J. (2000). Communities of practice: A framework for fostering coherence in virtual learning communities. Educational Technology & Society, 3(3), 384-392Sharples, M. (2000). "The design of personal mobile technologies for lifelong learning". Computers & Education 34 (3-4): 177193. doi:10.1016/S0360-1315(99)00044-5.Shuler, C. (2009, January). Pockets of potential: Using mobile learning technologies to promote children's learning. New York: The Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop. Available http://joanganzcooneycenter.org/pdf/pockets_of_potential.pdfSoloway, E. (2003). Handheld computing: Right time, right place, right idea. Paper delivered at the IEEE international conference on advanced learning technologies (ICALT).July 2003, Athens, Greece.UNESCO (2013). The Future of mobile learning: implications for Unesco. Retrieved from nesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002196/219637E.pdfVerma, A. (2015). Claim whats yours. Claim your academy now http://www.wiziq.com/teachblog/online-academy-your-brand-your-website/ ( 2015)

Project RubricProject: Creating a Multimedia Video ProjectTitle Page: 5 pointsInstructorAssessmentCover page includes: Assignment titleCourse number and nameStudent name and IDInstructor nameDateComments: (click here)05 pointsTopic Selection: 10 points InstructorRatingTopic represents a current and relevant issue in the eLearning field and its selection is justified.Comments: (click here) 05 pointsTopic is worthy of consideration for presentation at an eLearning conference or symposium.Comments: (click here) 05 pointsStoryboards: 15 pointsInstructorRatingStoryboards provide a clear visual representation as to what the viewer will see on the screen in the final presentation.Comments: (click here) 05 pointsStoryboards provide representation of the audible components that will accompany the visuals in the final presentation.Comments: (click here) 05 pointsStoryboards provide detailed production cues, including (but not limited to) screen direction, camera movement, blocking, prop usage, and audible cues for production purposes.Comments: (click here) 05 pointsContent: 35 pointsInstructorRating

100 Points; Due Module 5 Day 7, Week 10

You identified your eLearning/distance-education topic, summarized an article you read on the topic, and justified your selection of your topic as it relates to your workplace (Module 1).Comments: (click here) 05 pointsThe presentation demonstrated your knowledge of the past history and evolution of the topic related to eLearning based on researched evidence (Module 2).Comments: (click here) 05 pointsThe presentation demonstrated your knowledge of how your topic is currently being used in eLearning grounded in current research (Module 3).Comments: (click here) 05 pointsThe presentation demonstrated your knowledge of the future potential of the topic as it relates to eLearning based on researched evidence (Module 4).Comments: (click here) 05 pointsThe final video presentation engaged the participants in meaningful learning about the topic that was well researched (Module 5).Comments: (click here) 05 pointsThe content of the presentation is well developed with a clear beginning, middle, and ending (Module 5).Comments: (click here) 05 pointsThe presentation covers the most pertinent details of the topic in an appropriate amount of time (Module 5).Comments: (click here) 05 points