UTERUS
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Transcript of UTERUS
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UTERUS1. SH. NURUL HANIM BTE SY. IBRAHIM – D11A033
2. TENGKU HAJAR ASYIQIN BTE T.IBRAHIM-D11A036
3. MURSHIDAH BTE MOHD ASRI- D11A020
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ANATOMY OF UTERUS
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UTERUSUTERUS LOCATED• Inside the pelvis• Dorsal to the urinary
bladder• Ventral to rectum
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Part of uterusBody of uterus• Fundus• Cavity of uterus
Function• accept a fertilized
ovum which passes through the utero-tubal junction from the fallopian tube
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Neck of uterus ( cervix uteri)• External orifice of the uterus• Canal of the cervix• Internal orifice of the uterus
Function• to allow sperm and
menstrual fluid to move through.
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Layer of uterusUterus consists of 4 layers
: • Endometrium- innermost
glandular layer • Myometrium- smooth
muscle located between the endometrium and perimetrium.
• Perimetrium-The peritoneum covering of the fundus and ventral and dorsal aspects of the uterus.
• Parametrium-The loose connective tissue around the uterus.
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There are four main forms of uterus in mammals. They are:DuplexBipartiteBicornuateSimplex
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Duplex uterus• Two wholly separate uteri, with one fallopian
tube each which opens into the vagina. Found in marsupials, rodents, and lagomorphs
Tasmanian devils opossums
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• Absent (or limited) fusion of the Mullerian ducts leads to the presence of two uteri. The urogenital sinus (US) is connected to the female reproductive tract
• In monotremes rather than nurturing the embryo, the uterus secretes the shell around the egg. It is essentially identical with the shell gland of birds and reptiles, with which the uterus is homologous.
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• Mullerian duct fusion is physically blocked by the presence of the ureters, which leads to the formation of three vaginae
• The duplex uterus shown here has a pair of cervices.
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Bipartite uterus• The two uteri are separate for most
of their length, but share a single cervix. Found in ruminants (deer) and cats.
• Mullerian fusion in the uterine region does not occur, or is limited, which leads to the formation of a pair of uterine horns that can support the development of many fetuses.
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Bicornuate uterus• The upper parts of the
uterus remain separate, but the lower parts are fused into a single structure.
• A larger portion of the uterus forms the uterine body.
Prosimian primate
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Simplex uterus• The entire uterus is fused into a single
organ. Found in higher primates.
• some individual females (including humans) may have a bicornuate uterus, a uterine malformation where the two parts of the uterus fail to fuse completely during fetal development.
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FUNCTION OF UTERUS
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• Essential in sexual response by directing blood flow to the pelvis and to the external genitalia
• To accept a fertilized ovum which passes through the utero-tubal junction from the fallopian tube. It implants into the endometrium, and derives nourishment from blood vessels which develop exclusively for this purpose.
• The embryo attaches to a wall of the uterus, creates a placenta, and develops into a fetus (gestates) until childbirth.
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HISTOLOGY OF UTERUS
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histology of uterus
Uterus has 3 layers:1. Perimetrium (outer) – tunica serosa2. Myometrium – tunica muscularis3. Endometrium – tunica mucosa
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perimetrium• tunica serosa • It has the composition of loose connective tissue• contains a large number of lymphatic vessels
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myometrium• tunica muscularis of the uterus. • composed of a thick inner circular layer and a thinner
outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle. • The region in between the two layers of smooth muscle
contains large blood vessels. • Stratum vasculare - layer of large blood vessels located
between the inner and outer layers of smooth muscle of the myometrium.
• In the sow the stratum vasculare is indistinct and in the cow it may be located in the outer half of the circular muscle layer.
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endometrium• comprises the tunica mucosa and the tunica submucosa • tunica mucosa - lamina epithelialis is usually simple columnar except in the sow
and ruminants (pseudostratified columnar)• The lamina propria - loose connective tissue full of neutrophils and lymphocytes. • It blends with the underlying tunica submucosa since there is no lamina
muscularis mucosae in the entire female reproductive tract. • Uterine glands are simple or branched tubular glands located in the lamina
propria-tunica submucosa. • Some regions of the endometrium in ruminants are void of glands and are highly
vascular. It is in these regions, called caruncles, that contacts between the uterus and the extraembryonic membranes are made.
• These glands provide nourishment for the early stages of embryonic growth, before the placenta is established. Structurally - simple tubular in late pregnancy - tortuous and coiled in shape.
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Key1. Lumen 2. Endometrium lined by cuboidal epithelium 3. Lamina propria 4. Endometrial glands 5. Myometrium 6. Serosa
H&E, 40x
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Key1. Lumen 2. Endometrium 3. Endometrial glands
4. Myometrium, circular section5. Stratum vasculare 6. Myometrium
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FALLOPIAN TUBES1.WANNURSYAMIMI BTE WAN ZAHARI- D11BO46
2.HERLINA BINTI MOHD RAPI – D11A010
3.NIK NUR AFINA BTE NIK ALWI –D11A021
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Fallopian Tubes (or Oviducts)• pair of small tubes leading from the ovaries to the horns of the uterus • Millions of tiny hair-like cilia line the fimbria and interior of the
fallopian tubes• Size
- long(5 - 6 inches)- diameter (0.2-0.6 inches)
• Fertilization occurs in the oviduct. – The journey through the Fallopian tube takes about 7 days. – Because the oocyte is fertile for only 24 to 48 hours
• The cilia beat in waves hundreds of times a second catching the egg at ovulation and moving it through the tube to the uterine cavity
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ANATOMY OF FALLOPIAN TUBES/
OVIDUCTS
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Fimbrial segment -faces the ovary Infundibular segment - funnel shaped segment behind the fimbria Ampullary segment -wide middle segment Isthmic segment - narrow muscular segment near the uterus Interstitial segment - passes through the uterine muscle into the uterine cavity
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FALLOPIAN TUBE
Reproductive system of mare Reproductive system of avian
OVIDUCT
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DIFFERENCES OF FALLOPIAN TUBES/UTERINE TUBES/OVIDUCTS
Animals cow ewe sow mare
Length (cm)
25 15-19 15-30 20-30
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Roles each parts in fallopian tubes
• The infundibulum catches and channels the released eggs.
• The ampulla is the site where fertilization occur.• The endings of the fimbriae extend over the ovary; they
contract close to the ovary’s surface during ovulation in order to guide the free egg.
• The isthmus connects the ampulla and infundibulum to the uterus.
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WHAT IS UTERUS?GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF FALLOPIAN TUBE
1. Provide a place for fertilization between egg and sperm.
2. Site for transportation of the egg from the ovary.3. mucous membrane lining the fallopian tube gives off
secretions that help to transport the sperm and the egg and to keep them alive.
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Histology of Fallopian Tube ( tuba uterina , oviduct)
• The uterine tubes are long flexuous musculomembranous tubes. • They consist of:
– Infundibulum: an expanded cranial end which is close to the ovary;– Ampulla : a middle segment– Isthmus: a caudal narrow part that opens into the ipsilateral horn of the
uterus. • The epithelium is simple or pseudostratified columnar with secretory and ciliated
cells. • The lamina propria has longitudinal folds giving it a glandular appearance. • In some breeds of sheep (blackface and crosses), pigment cells are present. • The muscularis is mainly a layer of circular smooth muscle, thickening at the
junction with the uterine horn, with an outer layer of longitudinal muscle. • The serosa is loose vascular connective tissue with prominent blood vessels
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Infundibulum , Oviduct of Cow
x12.5
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Serosa
Folds Muscularis
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Uterine tube in sheep
Transverse section ; Stain: Hematoxylin-eosin ; x62.5
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Lumen : lined by pseudostratified epithelium Muscularis : most part circular smooth muscle fibres
Lamina propria Serosa : loose vascular connective tissue with prominent blood vessels
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Transverse section ; Stain : Hematoxylin-eosin ; x125
Uterine Tube of Cow
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Deep mucosal folds are cut in transverse section giving the appearance of mucosal glands.
Pseudostratified columnar with Ciliated and nonciliated cells.
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Oviduct – Ampulla Tubae Uterinae
Stain : iron hematoxylin-eosin ; magnification : x10
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MesosalpinxOviduct musculature
Mucosa fold (plica)
Vein
artery
Tunica serosa
Oviduct musculature
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Oviduct – Isthmus Tubae Uterinae
Stain: alum hematoxylin-eosin ; magnification : x40
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ArterySmooth Musculature
Mucosa plicae
Smooth musculature
Tunica Serosa
Subserosal tissue
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Oviduct- Uterina part of the oviduct
Stain : hematoxylin-eosin; magnification: x25
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Blood vessels Myometrium
Muscular layers Myometrium
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Oviduct- Ampulla Tubae Uterinae
Semi-thin section; stain: methylene blue-azure II ; magification: x400
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Blood VesselsGland cells
Ciliated cells Blood vessels Lamina propria muscosae
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Oviduct – Isthmus Tubae Uterinae
Semi-thin section; stain: methylene blue-azure II ; magification: x400
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Secretory cells Ciliated cells
Secretory cellsLamina propria mucosae Capillaries
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Oviduct- Ampulla Tubae Uterinae
Scanning electron microscopy; magnification: x4800
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Gland cells
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Infundibulum : The MUCOSA is HIGHLY FOLDED and the MUSCULARIS is THIN.Ampulla : The MUCOSA is HIGLY FOLDED and the MUSCULARIS is relatively THICK.Isthmus : The mucosa has FEWER FOLDS and the MUSCULARIS is THICKEST.
InfundibulumAmpulla
Isthmus
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WHAT IS UTERUS?
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