User-centered Approach in Creating a Metadata Schema for Video Games and Interactive Media
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User-centered Approach in
Creating a Metadata Schema for
Video Games and Interactive Media
Jin Ha Lee, Hyerim Cho, Violet Fox, Andrew Perti
JCDL 2013
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How do we organize and describe these games?
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How LCSHdoes it
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WorldCat
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How the Web does it
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Problem
• Game information on the Web is often unstructured, cumbersome to navigate, unvetted and unverified
• Due to the traditional focus on books, non-book materials often get described primarily by form rather than content
• Traditional library standards have limited applicability
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How can we provide more
intelligent access to
video games?
Create a metadata schema that
can capture the essential information
about games in a standardized way
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Our approach
Creating Metadata Schema & Encoding Schemes for
Video Games (Autumn 2011, 2012)
• Document-based analysis:
collecting and evaluating metadata elements from
various catalogs or game-related websites
• User-based analysis:
– Personas (Player, Parent, Collector, Academic,
Game developer/designer, Curator/Librarian)
– User interviews hdw
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User interviews
In-depth interview of 24 gamers
• Ranging from casual to hardcore players
• Collectors, parents, educators, etc.
• 21 males/3 females
• 11 in their 20s, 11 in their 30s, 2 in their 40s
• About their gaming experience, information
needs and seeking behaviors, etc.
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• “Genre alone can be somewhat misleading about
how the game is actually designed to be played”
• “it had great plot twists… betrayal, love,
excitement… It really felt like a very complicated
story, even more so than a book or a movie.”
• “That’s why I like the action-adventure, because
there’s usually a story to be told, it’s not just
“here’s a gun, go kill that guy” kind of thing.”
Genre and more
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• “I can forgive the frustrating game mechanics in order to keep playing because the aesthetics are good, the storyline is good, the goal is compelling.”
• “character is the most memorable thing for the video game’s appearance”
• “Mainly watching game play video is the most important (thing)…”
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Artistic or visual style of the game
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Information on the companies
involved in creating and
distributing the games seemed
to be highly valued by users
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Companies and franchise
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Users show divided reaction:
“I read the review (to find out) if it’s worth to buy, worth to pay… I believe the general user is right.”
“There are some games that get terrible ratings by other people that I absolutely love and some that get amazing ratings by other people that I’m not a big fan of.”
User ratings and reviews
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Multiple stages of info needs
After announcement: Official description of the game
Before purchase: Email reminders
At the time of purchase: Screenshots & gameplay videos
Playing: Avoid game cheats/descriptions
After the gameplay: Similar games
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• Title
• Edition
• Platform
• Format
• Developer
• Publisher
• Retail release date
• Number of players
• Online capabilities
• Special hardware
• Genre
• Series
• Region
• Rating
• Language
• Identifier
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• Alternative title
• Franchise/Universe
• Distributor
• System requirements
• Game credits
• Official website
• Price/MSRP
• Controls
• Packaging
• Customization options
• Difficulty levels
• Achievements/Trophies/Awards
• Box art/cover
• Screenshots
• Trailers
• Gameplay videos
• Style
• Plot/Narrative
• Theme
• Setting
• Mood/Affect
• Temporal aspect
• Presentation
• Point of view
• Character names
• Character types
• Link to historical events
• Type of ending
• Visual style
• Purpose
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Challenges
• Background knowledge of games
• Source of information
• Subjectivity of information:
estimated time of completion,
user rating/review
• Level of description
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Application
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• Series: Super Mario Bros.
• Franchise/Universe: Mario
• Genre: Action
• Style: Platformer
• Artistic style: Retro
• Mood: Quirky
• Temporal aspect: Real-time
• Plot/Narrative:
– Protagonist-explores-world
– Protagonist-defeats-bosses
– Protagonist-rescues-princess
• Theme: Fantasy – Princess
• Type of ending: Finite
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• Series: Persona
• Franchise/Universe:
Shin Megami Tensei
• Genre: RPG
• Style: JRPG
• Artistic style: Anime/Manga
• Mood: Dark
• Temporal aspect:
Turn-based; Calendar-based
• Plot/Narrative:
– Protagonist-develops-friendship
– Characters-confront-self
– Characters-prevent-apocalypse
• Theme: Supernatural – Demons
• Type of ending: Circuitous,
Branching
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• Catalyst for discussion
in the DL community
• Issues discussed here
are also applicable to
other artifacts
from popular culture:
apps, comics, webtoons,
animations, video clips, etc.
Conclusion
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Future work
• Improve the structure of the metadata schema
• Develop controlled vocabularies
• Provide detailed instructions and examples
• Conduct a large-scale user survey
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Thank you!
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