USEFULNESS OF MOCK EXERCISES FOR INCULCATING CULTURE OF

PREPAREDNESS

BY

BRIG (DR) B K KHANNA,

Sr. SPECIALIST (TRAINING & CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT)

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

Email. <bkkhanna2@gmail.com>

EFFECT OF JAPANESE THREE DISASTERS:

REVIEW OF EFFECT OF SUCH DISASTERS HAPPENING IN INDIAN CONDITIONS

EARTHQUAKE ZONE IZONE - I

ZONE - I

PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

EARTHQUAKE ZONE II ZONE - II

PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

ZONE - IIMATHURA - Petrochemical industry

KUTHETHOOR -Petrochemical industry

NARIMANAM - Petrochemical industry

CHENNAI -Petrochemical industry

VISHAKAPATNAM -Petrochemical industry

EARTHQUAKE ZONE III ZONE - III

PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

ZONE - IIIPANIPATH - Petrochemical industry

KOYALI - Petrochemical industry

HAZIR - Petrochemical industry

MATHURA - Petrochemical industry

BARAUNI - Petrochemical industry

NAGOTHANE - Petrochemical industry

RABLE - Petrochemical industryMUMBAI- Petrochemical

industry

HALDIA - Petrochemical industry

EARTHQUAKE ZONE IV ZONE - IV

ZONE - IV

Barauni - Petrochemical industry

RABLE - Petrochemical industry

PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

ZONE - V

EARTHQUAKE ZONE V

JAMNAGAR - Petrochemical industry

ZONE - VJAMNAGAR - Petrochemical industry

PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

BONGALGAON - Petrochemical industry

GUWAHATI - Petrochemical industry

DIGBOL - Petrochemical industry

NUMALIGARH Petrochemical industry

FLOOD ZONES IN INDIA

WIND & CYCLONE ZONES

Very high damage risk zone

Highly affected

Moderately affected

LAND SLIDE AFFECTED STATES

NATIONAL DISASTER NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMMANAGEMENT SYSTEM

NDMAHeaded by Prime Minister

Assisted by

NECSecretaries of All Ministries

SDMAHeaded by Chief Minister

Assisted by

SECHeads of All Departments

DDMAHeaded by District Magistrate

Co-Chaired by

Head of Zila Parisad(Elected head of the Dfistrict

Local Body)

INDUSTRIAL VULNERABILITY PROFILE OF INDIA

1. India has 623 districts, 300 districts have Major Accident Hazard (MAH) units. 170 districts have more than 05 MAH Units. 3 States and 4 UTs do not have any MAH units.

2. A total of 1854 MAH Units in India (less the storages of hazardous substances, big warehouses, small factories). ‘On Site’ plans in place of only 1783 MAH Units. 63 MAH Units not even have ‘On Site’ Plans

3. Of 300 districts, 190 districts have ‘Off Site’ plans, but most NOT as per Schedule 12.

4. Mock Drills for ‘Off Site’ Plans rarely carried out.

NEED FOR MOCK DRILLNEED FOR MOCK DRILL

1.1. To Inculcate Culture of Preparedness.To Inculcate Culture of Preparedness.

2.2. To Examine the Plans and SOPs of Identified To Examine the Plans and SOPs of Identified Stakeholders (Industries/Govt/Non-Govt).Stakeholders (Industries/Govt/Non-Govt).

3.3. To Evaluate the Resource Status of various To Evaluate the Resource Status of various Departments.Departments.

4.4. To Coordinate the Activities of Various Agencies To Coordinate the Activities of Various Agencies for their optimum utilization. for their optimum utilization.

5.5. To use the Feed back to identify the gaps and To use the Feed back to identify the gaps and improve the Resource Capabilities to Face improve the Resource Capabilities to Face Actual Disasters.Actual Disasters.

STEPSSTEPSStep 1 1, Coordinating Conference

(a) Delineating objectives of Mock Exercise.(b) Scope of Exercise.(c) Selection of the Industry/ District for Mock Exercise.(d) Date and Venue for Table Top and Mock Exercise.(e) Participants(f) Media Coverage.

Step 22. Table Top Exercise.• Precursor to Mock Exercise.• Worst case scenarios simulated. Scenarios are initially painted at the

operational level of the industry for ‘on site’ plan. The operational staff, supervisory staff and the management respond to various injects. When the ‘on-site’ plan is declared ‘off-site’ by the District Magistrate, the injects are targeted at the Collector/DC and other Stakeholders at District level like Director Industry, SSP, District Health Officer, Fire Officer, Public Services heads, NDRF Team Leader, Communication, Civil Defence, Home Guard, Red Cross, RTO, NGOs Public Relations etc. Responses are elicited and detailed discussion takes place.

• Details of Coordination and Safety are discussed. • The Gaps are identified and Remedial Measures taken.

Step

3. Mock Exercise. • Observers are detailed and format for assessment issued. They are

briefed on their roles during the Mock Exercise.• Self Assessment Formats are given to all stake holders.• Scenarios are formulated after due deliberations and the Mock

Exercise is conducted by painting of scenarios in a sequential

manner by the Observers. • Actions are taken on ground by concerned stake holders by

mobilizing requisite resources on orders of their own departments. • Incident Command Post is established at district level for command

and control. .• Relief Camp is established for evacuees.• Surge capacity is created in nominated Hospitals and Medical Aid

Posts are established at critical areas.

Step 4

After Action Report.

• Detailed debriefing session takes place after the Mock Exercise, where observers, organizers and stake-holders take part.

• The gaps identified are noted and a detailed after action report is made at the NDMA, which after approval is sent to the Chief Secretary and MDs of Industries for taking follow-up action.

• Monitoring is done at NDMA to ensure that the identified gaps are filled in a time bound manner.

SUMMARY OF MOCK EXERCISES SINCE 2006

Sl. Hazard Coordinating Conference

Table Top Mock Exercise

1. Floods Thirty-five Thirty-five Thirty-five

2. Earthquake Forty-five Forty-five Forty-five

3. Cyclone Twenty Twenty Twenty

4. Chemical (incl Pet)

Sixty nine (incl 18 Pet)

Sixty-nine(incl 18 Pet)

Sixty-nine(incl 18 Pet)

5. School Safety One Hundred Thirty - One Hundred Thirty

6 Terrorist Related Thirty Thirty Thirty

7. Urban Fires Fourteen Fourteen Fourteen

8.. CWG,WC & IPL Seventy-five Seventy Seventy-five

Total 418 383 418

STATUS OF THE INITIATIVE

Total Mock Exercises Done so far - 413. States/UT covered - 35 Districts covered - 104. MAH Industries Covered - 69. Petroleum Industries - 18 Industries Sensitized - 127. Industrial workers trained - 1,29,600 Community sensitized - 5.45/>19.9 lac ‘On-site’ Plans made/revisited - 1854/1783 ‘Off-site’ Plans formulated - 300/190. Extensive coverage by print & electronic media. NDMA conducted mocks for CWG, Hockey World Cup, Cricket

World Cup, IPL, DMRC, Kolkata Metro, DIAL, BIAL, Racing Formula 1, INSARAG Regional Exercise on Earthquake.

Increased demand from States, Public and even from private sector.

OTHER MITIGATION INITIATIVES

Issue of National Guidelines on Chemical

(Industrial) Disasters. Organising National and International Level

Seminars/Workshops/Conferences in partnership with PNGRB and FICCI.

General Awareness Campaigns. Capacity Development of first responders

through NDRF Bns. Building Confidence between Admn, Community

and Industries.

LESSONS LEARNT LESSONS LEARNT

LESSONS LEARNT & GAPS IDENTIFIED

1. ‘On Site’ and ‘Off Site’ plans not as per schedule 11 & 12 of MoEF Rules. Revisit and review of plans by professional disaster managers.

2. DM Plans of districts and stakeholders not matching – prepared in isolation or without mutual consultations. Need to synchronize and make plans complimentary.

3. Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability assessment of units not carried out in most cases. Districts and local authorities not aware of the

extent of vulnerability of hazardous material production, even in their neighborhood.

4. Formulation of Emergency Response Centres recommended , in a PPP Model ( 40:40:20)

5. During transportation of hazardous material, parking places to be developed along Highways for vehicles carrying such materials.

6. No proper Occupational Health Centres within the MAH Industries. Trained medical emergency responders are limited in number. Shortage of stretchers, ambulances & antidotes for hazardous materials in nearby hospitals.

6. Concept of TRIAGE and Creation of Surge Capacity in Hospitals not properly understood Scarcity of Burn Wards

7. Search & Rescue Teams not having hand held DM equipment ,like inflatable lighting tower, saws, cutters and drillers, etc.

LESSONS LEARNT & GAPS IDENTIFIED

8. Lack of modern FF eqpt, like mist technology AFT & shortages in manpower.

9. Lack of requisite PPE with the responders.

10. Gate Management. No one to brief and guide first responders

11. Separate and spacious IN/OUT Gates required for smooth movement of responder vehicles.

12. Role of regular stake-holders like Police, Civil Defence and even Medical Responders, in Chemical Disasters is not clear. There is a need to impart short capsules for each of them.

13. Conduct of mock exercises should be entrusted to third party experts to professionally

find actual gaps and weaknesses.

LESSONS LEARNT & GAPS IDENTIFIED

.

13. Conduct of mock exercises should be entrusted to third party experts to professionally find

actual gaps and weaknesses.

14. Concept of Incident Response System not yet understood and hence its implementation is slow.

LESSONS LEARNT & GAPS IDENTIFIED