RAIDER HANDBOOK

USSACP TC 1-1

"Raider's Lead the Way"

MARCH 2006

1. Introduction: The Raider Proficiency contains tasks from almost all the other proficiencies. It is the most difficult to achieve. To become an USSACP Raider, the cadet must know, do and lead. To qualify for the Raider tab the cadet must properly demonstrate the 16 core Raider tasks, then complete the CADTEP as a recon patrol leader with an 80% proficiency. Raider's must perform critical leadership, planning and problem solving functions in the field under stressful conditions. 2. Testing: Testing is conducted by cadet program staff (commandant, SMA, MA) or qualified cadet Raider's, in 2 formats. Individual task testing is conducted, then the cadet must pass a graded final exam, by leading an exercise. The exercise will be graded by 2 qualified staff members. If both concur on an 80% pass rate, then the cadet qualifies as a Raider and is awarded their beret, flash and tab. 3. Task Testing: Cadets are required to be able to perform the following 16 tasks: 301-348-1050 Report Info of Potential Intel Value 113-571-1022 Perform Voice Communications 113-573-8006 Use an Automated SOI 051-191-1501 Perform Individual Camoflage 071-326-0511 React to Flares 071-331-0801 Challenge Persons Entering Area 071-331-0804 Perform Surviellance without use of Electronic Devices 071-331-0815 Practice Noise, Light and Litter Discipline 071-326-0513 Select Temporary Fighting Position 191-377-5250 Handle Enemy Pesonnel and Equipment 071-326-0600 Use and React to Hand and Arm Signals 071-326-0501 Move as a Member of a Fire Team 071-326-0515 Select a Movement Route using a Map 071-329-1019 Use a Map Overlay 071-329-1006 Navigate on Ground Dismounted 071-329-1002 Determine Grid Coordinate on Map 3a. Task 301-348-1050 Report Information of Potential Intelligence Value Cadets must accurately report on information they have gathered in the field which can aid friendly command and itelligence personnel. Use the key word SALUTE to format your report and aid you in remembering all necessary information: S - Size-- What size is the enemy group you are observing. How many persons, and what

level unit (squad, platoon, etc). A - Activity-- What exactly is the enemy group you are observing doing (building/repairing

roads or bridges, preparing an ambush, helping the local populace, etc..) L - Location-- What is the exact location of the enemy force, provide map coordinates,

longitude/latitude, distance and direction from a land mark. U - Uniform/Unit-- How are they dressed, are they neat and clean or dirty and bedraggled,

are they wearing any distinguishing patches or insignia. T - Time-- What is time and date you observed the enemy activity. E - Equipment-- How is the enemy equiped, what type of weapons, personal gear,

communications equipment, maps, vehicles, do they have. Is their equipment well maintained or old and in poor shape.

The Cadet must be able to quote in order what each letter in SALUTE stands for. Cadet must make an accurate SALUTE report.

3b. 113-571-1022 Task Perform Voice Communications Tactical radio communications are an important means of directing a force in the field. Given a radio, call signs for the Cadet and the Net Control Station (NCS), the Cadet must be able to communicate using appropriate call and answer, prowords and phonetic alphabet. Call and Answer: Before communicating on an active tactical radio net, listen to ensure there is no traffic in progress. When you are sure the net is clear, call the desired station using appropriate call and answer: "W3T99 This is J9F72, over" Call the other stations callsign first, then identify your station using the proword "this is" and the proword "over" to indicate you are finished transmitting and expect reply. "J9F72 This is W3T99, over" Called station answers in same format. Normally, the station that initiates the call would be the station that ends the call using the proword "out" in place of "over". All letters should be transmitted using the phonetic alphabet: A Alpha K Kilo U Uniform B Bravo L Lima V Victor C Charlie M Mike W Wiskey D Delta N November X X-ray E Echo O Oscar Y Yankee F Foxtrot P Papa Z Zulu G Golf Q Quebec H Hotel R Romeo I India S Sierra J Juliet T Tango "Juliet nine foxtrot seven two" is the proper way to send the above call sign. On closed nets callsigns may be abrieviated with permission of the NCS. The abbrieviated callsign is Foxtrot seven two "F72".

Prowords are words used for brevity and efficiency when speaking on the radio. Use the following Radio Prowords:

TACTICAL RADIO PRO-WORDS

Affirmative Yes All-After Referencing a portion of a transmission before a given phrase All-Before Referencing a portion of a transmission after a given phrase Authenticate Request correct code response from SOI to prove operator is genuine Authentication Is Provide correct code response from SOI to prove operator is genuine Break A seperation of text within a message Correct Your information or verify is correct Correction Correct wrong information that was provided previously I Authenicate Provide correct code response from SOI to prove operator is genuine I Say Again Repeating transmission I Set I will send you Encoded information from this line on the SOI I Send This is the encoded information for the line identified by (I Set) I Spell Spell item phonetically I Verify Verify transmission usually key words or word Message I am transmitting message More To Follow Will pause and then continue message Negative No Out Finished with traffic and expect no response Over Finished with traffic and waiting for reply Priority Precedence indicating important traffic Read Back Read bak message transmitted Relay (To) Transmit message to another station Repeat Refire last fire mission or airstrike Roger I understand Routine Precedence indicating lower urgency but still imprtant Say Again Ask station to repeat their transmission Silence Quit transmitting until NCS give permission to resume Silence Lifted Permission to resume transmission This Is I dentification of calling station To Identifying stations on a net to receive message traffic Three Letter Groups I will send you an encoded message in 3 letter groups Unknown Station Contact station without knowledge of call sign Verify Request verification of message receipt Wait Wait until I recontact you, but I still control net for other messages Waitout Wait until I recontact you, but net is free until I recontact you Wilco Will Comply Word After Repeat Word after: Word Before Repeat Word before: Words Twice Will say each word in transmission twice for clarity when transmission

conditions are not satisfactory Do not send intelligence sensitive information in the clear. Do not use proper names in the clear, except in an emergency during training. When you talk on the radio, always assume the enemy is monitoring. Cadet must be able to transmit information on a radio using appropriate call, answer, prowords and phonetic alphabet.

3c. Task 113-573-8006 Use an Automated SOI Cadets using non-secure radio equipment must have a method to determine daily callsigns, challenge and password, manual encryption and authentication capability. For this purpose, cadets use perishible a code book called an SOI (signal operating instructions). Call signs, Frequencies, and challenge and password are obtained from the units BN Extract for the time period specified. See the sample BN Extract below:

(GTA-PROTECTIVE MARKING) TIME PERIOD 01 1-CDT BN EXTRACT 8C 1-CDT BN Z6Z 57.85 CMD COMMANDER 37

49.65 A/L XO 26 HHC 1-CDT BN R1L S1 59 A/1-CDT BN Q3V 36.05 CMD S2 65 1/A/1-CDT I8C 51.40 S3 89 2/A/1-CDT W1J 50.20 S4 45 3/A/1-CDT C4K 51.20 MEDIC 95 B/1-CDT BN I3B 65.60 CMD NCS/TOC/CP 08 1/B/1-CDT S6Y 56.65 PLT LDR 44 2/B/1-CDT L0B 51.10 PLT SGT 98 3/B/1-CDT U4P 49.90 SQD 1 63 C/1-CDT BN Y6M 47.40 CMD SQD 2 51 1/C/1-CDT V3X 37.25 SQD 3 77 2/C/1-CDT Z4N 33.50 CSM/1SG 40 3/C/1-CDT Q6C OFF ASST H 1 CDT BN ALT 1 74.20 ENL ASST O 1 CDT BN ALT 2 32.25 RTO F COMMANDANT X8A SIGN HITS MEDEVAC W5X C/SIGN YEAR 1-CDT BN EXTRACT 8C

The time period is specified on the line above the Unit Extract title and is in a box. In this case the time period is 01. Normally in an SOI there would be 10 time periods, so time period 01would be used for the 1st, 11th, 21st or 31st of the month. In actual operations, the operator would receive a new set every 10 days. To determine call sign, you have to determine what unit you are in. The A Co Commander appears on the SOI: A/1-CDT BN Q3V 36.05 CMD This means A Co, 1st Cadet Battalion, the Company call sign is Q3V, the frequency is 36.05mz and this is the company command frequency. To complete the call sign, the company commander uses the COMMANDER suffix allong the right side of the extract: 37. So, the complete call sign is Q3V37 or Quebec three Victor three seven. The callenge and password show at the bottom right of the Extract, so for time period 01 the challenge or sign is HITS, the password or C/SIGN (countersign) is YEAR. The SOI time period changes at 00:01hrs GMT or Zulu Time, which is 0600hrs CST or 0500hrs CDT. The authentication/encryption table is the KTC 1400D. Once again it is important that you verify you are on the correct time period. The time period is illustrated in the same manner as on the Unit Extract. All suspicious radio transmissions should be authenticated. When an authentication is requested by the calling station you will hear: "W3T99 This is J9F72, over" CALL "J9F72 this is W3T99, over" ANSWER "W3T99 this is J9F72, Authenticate J B, over" AUTHENTICATION REQUEST "J9F72 this W3T99, I Authenticate W, over" AUTHENTICATION

Looking at the table, the request was Authenticate Juliet Bravo, using the letters on the left edge of the table, go to line Juliet, then on Line Juliet find the letter Bravo, the correct authentication is the letter immediately below B, which is Whiskey. (GTA-PROTECTIVE MARKING) SET 01 PERIOD 01 KTC 1400 D A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Q R S T UV W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A CVBG YIM SHE TU JL ODQ KN PX RF AW B SEDL AFT WJG NR XB UHP MV YI KO QC C DGVK ASM RUY JQ HT BPN CL EX IF OW D EPQW GTR HJK YS IF UBC DX MN OL AV E EUOM PXD SQG TA NF WHJ VR BI CK LY F LESV JWX HOR YF QC ATU BP MN DG KI A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Q R S T UV W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 G IMKY QOC PAU WH LX FSD RB VN EG JT H MYNJ RDH OBA WP CI ETG SQ UF KV XL I SWLN VJM HXB KO UA RYD TE FI PQ CG J BJYM GFP LIT KC SR DOV XE UA QH NW K WAHY CUR KMQ XO TS EIG JP FN BL DV L VKLY BQA FEX HR JN CUS DM GT PI WO A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Q R S T UV W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 M BQMO NTI XSG CL WY AHV JU FR ED KP N UNYT GOV EAS PJ QL DHX FW CI MR KB O BSFP MKT QWL IJ UO HCR VD GX AE NY P EYHX OID VMN AC FU KPS TB WG RL JQ Q EBLA SQU POV IW GN CJX YD RF TM HK R PXVN KLS WCD YO FB REI UM TJ AH QG A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Q R S T UV W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 S MTXO JGD FPH VU QR LKS CY EA BW IN T MYRL NEP WSC HX IF BDJ KQ OG TA VU U UWXG CQR OMT YB HP VES FJ LN AD KI V RILN HVB WGD PE MS ATQ CK XU YO JF W LEGX SWY MNR DC KF VUH JO TB QI AP X WTOD SRF VEQ LU GK HNA YJ PX BC MI Y OHXL SJI QNK GC YF TUD WE RA BV PM

The above table can also be used to encrypt light message such as transmiting grid coordinates. Notice that each letter on each line is directly below a small index letter and entire groups below a small index number. The first letter in each row is the only exception, there is not an index letter above the first column. To inform someone you are sending encrypted data and to provide them the cypher key:

"W3T99 This is J9F72, over" CALL "J9F72 this is W3T99, over" ANSWER W3T99 this is J9F72, I Set J B, over" SET ENCRYPTION "W3T99 this is J9F72, I Send K R D F X L, over"

Once again, similar to authenticating, J B sets the encryption, however, instead of using the letter under B, use the letter to the right of B. This sets the decryption line. In this case J is the decryption line. Assuming the message is completely numeric, on line Juliet, K is directly below the small index number 3 or the index letter K. Its very important that you do not attempt to use the letter on the line directly above the letter, use the small index letters above the group.

Cadet must be able to encode and decode a set of grid coordinates, authenticate a message, and find current communication call signs, frequencies and challenge and password.

3d. Task 051-191-1501 Perform Individual Camoflage

Cadets should camoflage themselves to avoid visual detection by the enemy. Identify critical camoflage considerations incorporating the following:

a. Movement: Avoid movement, when movement cannot be avoided, move slowly and smoothly.

b. Shape: Use artificial materials to break up shapes, outlines and equipment. Stay in shadows. Disguise or distort that shape of your body/equipment using arificial/natural materials.

c. Light Reflection: Cover or remove the following items to eliminate light reflection:

1. Mess kits, 2. Mirrors, 3. eye glasses, 4. watch crystals, 5. plastic map cases, 6. dust goggles 7. worn on top of helmets, 8. red filtered flashlights.

Color blend all camoflage with the surroundings, or at a minimum ensure colors do not contrast with background. When moving from one area to another change camoflage as required.

Exposed skin reflects light. Cover your skin oils even if you have very dark skin with camo paints/stick. Paint sticks cover these oils and blend with the background. Do not use oils to soften cammo stick, this defeats the purpose and makes skin shiny.

Paint high shiny areas with dark colors (cheeks, forehead, chin, nose). Paint shadowed areas with light colors (eye sockets, over upper lip under nose, under chin). Paint in buddy teams to avoid leaving gaps. Use an irregular paatern on all exposed skin (face, ears, neck, back of hands).

Roll sleeves down, do not starch BDU, and replace excessively faded uniforms. Attach leaves, grass to hat/helmet to break up outline and blend into background, be careful not over camoflage. Attach leaves and grass to LCE also. Remove or secure items that rattle of make noise when you move. Cover or remove shiny objects.

Cadet should be able to properly camoflage themselves.

3e. Task 071-326-0511 React to Flares

Cadets must react to flares to prevent enemy forces detecting them at night. Because aerial flares provide a different type of illumination than ground flares, and therefore the reaction to each is different.

React to Ground Flares: When heard or see flare start to illuminate, shut your firing eye to maintain night vision in that eye, run out of illumintes area, take cover in darkness facing illumniated area. Do not open firing eye until flare is extinguished.

React to Aerial Flares: When heard or see flare start to illuminate, shut your firing eye to maintain night vision in that eye, drop to the ground and don't move. Do not move or open your firing eye until the flare has dropped.

Cadet reacts properly to both types of flares.

3f. Task 071-331-0801 Challenge Persons Entering Area Cadets on guard or in security positions (ORP, defensive line, PL/OP, etc) can not assume a person or group of people entering their area are authorized to do so. Historically, enemy forces have disguised themselves as friendlys with the intent to infiltrate our lines. The cadet on post will use proper challenge and password (sign and countersign) to allow persons to pass. Guard: "Halt, who is there" Approaching Cadet: "Pvt Snuffy" Guard: "Advance to be recognized" Guard: "Halt" When reasonably close Guard: "Apple" Whispered so only challenged persona can hear Approaching Cadet: "Kite" Whispered so only Guard can hear If the challenged person does not give the correct response, Guard should keep them covered, make them lie prone after dis-arming, and call for assistance. Cadet correctly applies challenge and password. 3g. Task 071-331-0804 Perform Surviellance without use of Electronic Devices Conduct a Visual Search in Daylight: Make a fast overall search of the observed area, starting immediately in front of your position to the extent of your visual range. Then scanning right to left or left to right scan back in 50 meter intervals. Pay close attention to suspicious areas. Identify improperly camoflaged personnel, equipment and vehicles by looking for: a. Camoflage that does no match the background b. Dead Foliage c. Outlines that should be obscured d. Bright colors or reflections that should be subdued e. Tracks, footpaths, litter, and piles of dirt f. Over clearing of fields of fire or observation Conduct a Visual Search at Night: Accustom your eyes to darkness before operations begin by doing one of the following: 1. Stay is a secure darkened area for 30min 2. Stay in a red lighted area for 20min, followed by darkened are for 10min. 3. Wear red goggles for 20min followed by 10min in darkness Scan search areas at night by moving your eyes is short, quick, irregular movements. Use off center vision to look at specific objects by looking about 6-10 degrees either side or above, below object. Preserve night vision by, closing both eyes when exposed to white light, close firing eye and observe with non-firing eye only, when observation must be maintained. Cadet should be able to find all of the hidden items on test range.

3h. Task 071-331-0815 Practice Noise, Light and Litter Discipline Cadets must use the principles of self discipline in the field to prevent giving the enemy real time information on their unit's movement and activities. Noise: Noisy units can provi de the enemy with your approximate location and your approximate unit size. Stay quiet anddon't play when on tactical movements or in a tactical position. When moving make sure you have quieted your gear. Jumping up and down after you have prepared your gear is a good test for noise. Watch where you walk, try to avoid walking on areas where you may make a lot of noise such as pile of dry leaves. Light: Light can be seen from long distances. Do not use light, unless you are covered by a poncho, then use only red light to avoid night blindness. Litter: Take everything with you, and bring everything back. Leaving litter behind can tell the enemy a lot about your force. Un-opened food items indicate a well fed force that can afford to through away food. Lots of trash indicates a poor disciplined force. The amount of trash, and the location of trash can indicate how many people are in your unit. Cadet understands and can apply the principles of Noise, Light and Litter Discipline. 3i. Task 071-326-0513 Select Temporary Fighting Position Cadets must be able to select a temproary fighting position when in overwatch or at the halt. A good temprorary fighting position will provide the cadet with both cover and concealment. Cover: Cover provides the cadet aduquate protection from enemy fire (such as rocks, tree trunks, ditch, etc) Concealment: Concealment provides the cadet a location that prevents the enemy from locating him (bushes, tall grass, trees, etc). Choose a position that: 1. Provided good cover & concealment. 2. That allows you to see without exposing more than a small protion of your head and body. 3. Allows you to stay low when observing and firing. 4. With a background that does not silhouette you against the surrounding environment. 5. Follow your leaders directions after locating a temporary position. You may have to move either to cover a sector or to obtain a better position. The cadet must select a good temporary fighting position that meets all of the above criteria.

3j. Task 191-377-5250 Handle Enemy Pesonnel and Equipment When cadets capture enemy equipment and personnel, there is a process to ensure that the laws of land warfare are followed, but preserves valuable intelligence information. Enemy personnel and equipment should be thoroughly searched, removing anything of intel value, returning anything the capture cadet requirs for personal protection. The POW should be tagged with Time, Date, Location, Circumstances of capture. Follow the 5 S's to correctly process POW's (prisoner of war): SEARCH: Search the prisoner immediately after capture to avoid allowing the prisoner to discard items of intel value, then tag the prisoner after searching.

SILENCE: Keep prisoners silent so they cannot distract guard or coordinate escape.

SEPARATE: Separate officers and NCO's and junior enlisted into separate groups to prevent

leaders from providing direction to junior personnel.

SPEED: Speed Prisoners to your Battalion S-2 for processing.

SAFEGUARD: In accordance with the laws of land warfare, protect your prisoners from all

hazards

Cadet must know 5 S's in correct order and what is expected in each case.

3k. Task 171-136-0600 ARM AND HAND SIGNALS While Dismounted

You must know and be able to use these basic arm and hand signals. (FM 21-60-2, Arm and Hand Signals)

A. ATTENTION. Extend arm side ways, slightly above horizontal, palm outwards; wave arm to and from the head several times.

B. I DO NOT UNDERSTAND. Face source of the signal you do not understand. Raise both arms sideways to horizontal. Bend both arms at elbows and place both hands across your face, palms outward.

C. I UNDERSTAND or ACKNOWLEDGE your message. Hold right hand in fist at neck height, with thumb extended.

D. DISREGARD PREVIOUS COMMAND or AS YOU WERE. Face individual being signaled; raise both arms and cross them overhead.

E. I AM READY, or ARE YOU READY? Extend arms toward person being signaled; then raise your arms slightly above the horizontal, palm outward.

F. PREPARE TO MOVE OUT. Simulate cranking of engines by rotating fist in a circle at waist level.

G. ADVANCE or MOVE OUT. Face direction of movement, extend arm to the rear, swing arm overhead and forward in the desired direction of movement.

H. FOLLOW ME. Face desired direction of movement; hold arm extended to rear; then swing it overhead and forward in a sweeping movement until it is horizontal, palm down.

I. INCREASE SPEED or DOUBLE TIME or RUSH. Raise hand to shoulder, fist closed; thrust fist upward to full extent of arm and back down rapidly.

J. HALT or STOP. Raise hand upward to full extent of arm, palm outward.

K. OPEN UP marching column into a LINE ABREAST. Point hands together overhead, swing hands slowly down to a horizontal position.

L. CLOSE UP a line abreast into a COLUMN of march. Hands held open and horizontal to left and right, raise them slowly together to position overhead.

M. ASSEMBLE or RALLY. Raise the arm vertically overhead, palm to the front, and wave the arm in a large circle.

N. Form a LINE ABREAST.

O. Form a WEDGE formation.

P. Form a V formation.

Q. Form an ECHELON RIGHT (LEFT).

Cadet must know the hand and arm signal for Halt, Double Time, Move Out, Wedge Formation, Rally, Line Formation, Attention. 3l. Task 071-326-0501 Move as a Member of a Fire Team In active military units a fire team contains 4-5 members. There are normally 2 fire teams to a squad. The team leader is led by a fire team leader. The fire team leader will designate the formation to move in, this will normally be a wedge, column or line abreast formation. There are also modified wedge formations, echelon and V or inverted wedge formations. A unit moves in the formation that provides for greatest command and control, least risk from enemy action. Cadets need to spread out, when visibility between team members is good then intervals should be at least 25 meters (75 feet). An example of this would be moving through a grassy field. When visibility is lower, then interval decreases. When moving through dense woods, interval may decrease to as little as 5 meters, or at night to 1 meter. The fire team member should automattically adjust their interval based on visibility. Movement Techniques: Units move using 3 techniques. Traveling: used when probability of enemy contact is not probably, and time is of the essence. The unit will use a column or modified wedge, entire unit moves together. Traveling Overwatch: used when probability of enemy contact is unlikely. Unit will move in conjuntion with another unit. One unit moves in front, the other units moves behind covering the lead team. Bounding Overwatch: used when enemy contact is likely. Like traveling overwatch, except overwatch unit covers from a covered and concealed position. When the lead team reaches a bound point, the rear team bounds through the front team, the unit swtch rolls. Cadet must be able to form a wedge, line and column and then transition between formations. Must be able to determine proper interval while moving through various terrain. Must understand the different movement techniques and when they apply.

TL

MG

GL

AG

RS

Wedge Formation TL

MG

GL

AG

RS

Modified Wedge

AG MG TL GL RS

Line Abreast

TL

MG

GL

AG

RS

Column Formation

3m.Task 071-326-0515 Select a Movement Route using a Map See your SMA/MA for this information. 3n. Task 071-329-1019 Use a Map Overlay See your SMA/MA for more information on this task.

MILITARY SYMBOLS: Military symbols usually consist of basic and inter-service symbol, the unit size, the unit or installation role indicator, equipment indicator, aviation symbol and location, and the content of the fields surrounding the basic symbol. Geometric figures form the basic symbol used to represent units, installations and activities. Rectangle= a unit; Flag= a HQ; Circle= a logistical, medical, or administrative unit or depot. More information concerning symbols will be found in FM 101-5-1, Operational Terms and Graphics. Some typical unit symbols seen on a map:

3o. Task 071-329-1006 Navigate on Ground Dismounted See your SMA/MA for more information on this task.

FINDING YOUR LOCATION BY TERRAIN ASSOCIATION:

a. Determine the type of terrain feature upon which you are located.

b. Determine what types of terrain features surround your location.

c. Orient your map by finding the group of terrain features on it.

d. Determine the 4 cardinal directions (North, South, East, and West).

e. Determine your location.

Elevation and contour lines: The brown lines on your map are called CONTOUR LINES. Each line shows the height above sea level and is constant along its length. Contour lines never cross one another. Tick marks on lines always point down-slope. Printed at the bottom of your map is CONTOUR INTERVAL, which is the difference in height elevation between one brown line and the one next to it). The distance is usually 20 feet. Every fifth line is printed heavier than the rest and has a number that gives the elevation of that line in feet. Find your position between the heavy brown contour lines and simply read the value, adding the lines as you close in on your position. GTA-5-2-13 has some good examples -- study them.

Determine the elevation of a point by using a map.

a. Determine the contour interval for your map.

b. Determine the elevation of your location to within half the value of the contour interval.

Terrain features. Be able to identify the key terrain features -- hills, valleys, saddles, depressions, cliffs and ridges as shown by contour lines on your map. Examples are shown in GTA-5-2-13.

3p. Task 071-326-0503 Move Over, Through or Around Obstacles

3p. Task 071-329-1002 Determine Grid Coordinate on Map 1. A military map can help you spot your location accurately. The map has vertical lines (top to bottom) and horizontal lines (left to right). These lines form small squares 1,000 meters on each side, called grid squares. 2. The lines that form grid squares are numbered along the outside edge of the map picture. No two grid squares have the same number. 3. The precision of a point location is shown by the number of digits in the coordinates; the more digits, the more precise the location. For example: 1996A 1,000-meter grid square. 192961To the nearest 100 meters. 1. Look at figure C-11. Your address is grid square 1181. To determine your address, start from the left and read right until you come to 11, the first half of your address. Then read up to 81, the other half. Your address is somewhere in grid square 1181.

2. Determine your address to the nearest 100 meters. Grid square 1181 gives your general neighborhood, but there is a lot of ground inside that grid square. To make your address more accurate, just add another number to the first half and another number to the other half so your address has six numbers instead of four.

a. To get these extra numbers, suppose that each grid square has 10 lines inside it running north and south, and another 10 running east and west. This makes 100 smaller squares. You can estimate where these imaginary lines are (figure C-12).

Figure C-12. Grid square 1181 divided

b. Suppose you are halfway between grid line 11 and grid line 12. Then the next number is 5 and the first half of your address is 115. Now suppose you are also 3/10 of the way between grid line 81 and grid line 82. Then the second half of your address is 813. Your address would be 115813 (figure C-12). (If you are exactly on line 81, the second half would be 810.)

3. Use a coordinate scale. The most accurate way to determine the coordinates of a point on a map is to use a coordinate scale. You do not have to use imaginary lines because you can come up with the exact coordinates. This scale is on the coordinate scale and protractor (GTA 05-02-012) (figure C-13) or the plotting scale (figure C-14). Both of these devices include two coordinate scales, 1:25,000 and 1:50,000 meters. Make sure that when you use either of these devices, you use the correct scale.

a. Locate the grid square in which the point is located (for example, point A, figure C-15) (the point should already be plotted on the map). b. The number of the vertical grid line on the left (west) side of the grid square gives the first and second digits of the coordinate.

c. The number of the horizontal grid line on the bottom (south) side of the grid square gives the fourth and fifth digits of the coordinate. d. Place a coordinate scale on the bottom horizontal grid line of the grid square containing point A to determine the third and sixth digits of the coordinate. e. Check to see that the zeros of the coordinate scale are in the lower left-hand (southwest) corner of the grid square where point A is located (figure C-15).

Figure C-15. Placement of the coordinate scale

f. Slide the scale to the right, keeping the bottom of the scale on the bottom grid line until point A is under the vertical (right-hand) scale (figures C-16 and C-17). To determine the six-digit coordinate, the 100-meter mark on the bottom scale, which is nearest the vertical grid line, is the third digit of the number 115. The 100-meter mark on the vertical scale, which is nearest point A, is the sixth digit of the number 813. Putting these together, you have 115813.

Figure C-17. Aligning the plotting scale

g. To determine the correct two-letter 100,000-meter-square identifier, look at the grid reference box in the margin of the map (figure C-18).

Figure C-18. Grid reference box

h. Place the 100,000-meter-square identifier in front of the coordinate, GL115813.

Cadet must be able to compute the 6 digit grid coordinate of a location on the ground.

4. Patrolling: 4a. Preparing the Operation: There are eight major steps to preping a unit for a patrol: 1. Receive the Mission 2. Prepare and Deliver Warning Order 3. Plan the Operation 4. Write the Operations Order (OPORD) 5. Brief the OPORD 6. Conduct Rehearsals 7. Arrange for Logistics and Coordinte with Friendly Forces 8. Conduct Pre-Combat Inspection 4a1. Receive the Mission: The mission will be deatiled by higher headquarters. The patrol leader will go the the HQ that is detailing the unit for the operation. At this point an operations order will be given to the patrol leader. This OPORD us usually very general, and specifies the type of mission, enemy forces operating in area, friendly forces available, attachments or support available to you. The patrol leader should take good note and ask questions to clear up any points of confusion.

4a2. Prepare and Deliver Warning Order: The patrol leader should immediately write a warning order. This is when the Patrol Leader should decide who will go, and who will fill key leadership slots. The warning order should include: 1. Mission Type 2. Uniform and Equipment that will be taken 3. Timeline for Operation: a. Time/Location of Departure b. Time/Location of Pre-Combat Inspection c. Time/Location of Rehearsals d. Provide Time to Prepare, and Designate Incharge for Individual Prep When the warning order is complete, the patrol leader should deliver the warning order to the members of the patrol. The unit should then be turned over to the Assistant Patrol Leader, who will prepare the unit, while the patrol leader plans the operation. 4a3. Plan the Operation: The Patrol Leader plans the patrol using the information from higher headquarters, and incorporating the information briefed in the warning order. Start by organizing the unit. A recon patrol is devided into 3 elements: 1. Command Element: The Patrol Leader, Assistant Patrol Leader, and a Radio/Telephone Operator (RTO). Responsible for the command and control of the entire operation and communcations with higher HQ during the operation. 2. Security Element: Element Leader and at least tree element members. Responsible for navigation to the ORP (objective rally point), clearing danger areas enroute, clearing the ORP, and then securing the ORP during the recon. 3. Recon Element: Element Leader and three to five team members. Responsible for rear security of the patrol while moving, and performing the actual recon of the objective. Next, conduct a map recon, select an ORP. The ORP should near the objective without being within hearing or sight of the OBJ (objective). Using a map, perform a leader's recon on the objective. Choose a route to move the patrol from the LD (line of departure) to the ORP. Select a rally point near the ORP, where the patrol can halt while the Security Element secures the ORP. Choose a second and different route back from the ORP. Never return by the same route you left by. Now develop your overall operations plan, using the information you have developed. When you have an operations plan, write the OPORD. The OPORD should be in a standard 5 paragragh format: 1. Situation: a. Enemy b. Friendly 2. Mission 3. Execution: a. Concept of the Operation b. Tasks to Sub-Units c. Coordinating Instructions 4. Service/Support 5. Command & Signal a. Chain of Command b. Organization c. Callsigns & Frequencies d. Challenge and Password See Sample OPORD:

Operations Order Recon Patrol, 1 Plt, A Co, 1st Cdt Bn USSACP

7 Aug 05 I. Situation: a. Enemy: Elements of the Wann Brigade are operating to the south of 1st Cadet Bn's position. It is believed that sapper teams are operating in the area to the immediate south of friendly lines. Team sizes are thought to vary between team and platoon size. b. Friendly: 1st Cadet Bn USSACP is securing the area around an abandoned farmhouse located at VQ12301353. 1st Platoon, A Co. Assembly Area is west of the farmhouse at VQ12271355. 1st Platoon will conduct operations with a reinforced squad. There are no attachments, and no support available. II. Mission: Elements of 1st & 2nd squads, 1st Platoon, A Co will conduct a recon patrol to detect sapper activity at or near the man made water feature (pond) located at VQ12721296 with the purpose of determining the strength, equipment and mission of any enemy sapper team encountered. III. Execution: a. Concept of the Operation: Patrol will depart the AA on 7 Aug 05 at 0130Z (2030L), crossing the SP/LD not later than 0145Z. Patrol will be organized into 3 elements: Security Element, Command Element, Recon Element. Movement will be in that order. Movement route to the ORP will be by the overlay. Rally points will be designated enroute. The patrol will report by radio to the Co CP on crossing PL Blue (creek) and Green (tree line). The ORP is located at VQ12391294. The security element will move in clear and then occupy the ORP, while the patrol holds in a concealed position. When ORP is secure, the remainder of the patrol will occupy the ORP. The patrol will report back to the Co CP that it is at the ORP as being at "check point Mike". Once set in the ORP, two 3 person recon teams will deploy to the objective south of the pond at VQ12721296. After recon is complete, the patrol will move via a separate route, see overlay, back to the SP/LD, arriving NLT 0500Z. b. Tasks for Sub-Units: Security element is tasked with forward/flank security during halts. Recon element is tasked with rear/flank security during halts. Security element leader is point and will identify patrol members at time of re-entry to friendly lines. Security element will clear all danger areas, Recon element will provide near side security at danger areas. Command element will provide communication with TOC during operation. c. Coordinating Instructions: Security element will coordinate with friendlys upon re-entering lines. IV. Logistics and Support: Patrol will travel light, all members will be camouflaged in BDU uniform, each member will carry at least 1 quart of water. The patrol will carry 3 radios, a map and a compass. V. Command and Signal: Challenge: Lincoln Password: Green Callsigns: A Co CO L77 A Co XO L55 A Co 1SG L99 Patrol Leader: J44 RTO X Asst PL: L99

Security Sec J90 Recon Sec J23 Chain of Command: PL CSM Stusse Asst PL: C/1SG Smith Recon Sec: C/SSG McPhail Security Sec: C/Spc Doerr Situation enemy should cover known enemy activity in your area, and any intelligence known. Friendly situation should cover parrent unit, who is going on the patrol, any supporting units or elements. Mission is just a short but specific explanation of the operation. Where the objective is located, where your assembly area is located. Execution, a. concept of the operation details exactly how the mission will be carried out. This is the guts of the OPORD. It is necessary to be very explicit in this section. b. Tasks to sub-units, make sure all sub-units understand additional roles that were not stated in the concept. c. Coordinating instructions explains how the unit will coordinate with friendly units at the LD, and the point of return. And any special coordination within the patrol between the elements. Service and Support will include any special equipment, food required if needed, etc. Command and Signal will include the chain of command, the patrol organization, callsigns and frequencies, challenge and password. The Patrol Leader should use the time up to the OPORD briefing to ready their personal equipment. The when its time, deliver the OPORD to the members of the patrol. The Patrol Leader should ensure everyone takes note, and its a good idea to get a brief back from the element leaders and assistant patrol leader. When its time to accomplish rehearsals, the patrol leader should make sure that all actions are rehearsed that are likely. At the minimum rehearse order and method of movement, clearing a danger area, occupying the ORP. After rehearsals the patrol leader needs to get all equipment required for the operation, and coordinate with friendly units departing and returning through friendly lines. At a reasonable time prior to moving out, the Patrol Leader needs to conduct a pre-combat inspection. Need to ensure each person has water, all required equipment, that equipment has been properly silenced, everyone is properly camoflaged. 4b. The Recon Patrol The purpose of the Recon Patrol is to gather intelligence on the enemy. Recon patrols want to avoid contact with the enemy at all costs. Therefore, Recon Patrols travel lightly equiped and armed. There are 3 types of recon patrols: 1. Point Recon: Bridge, Airfield, Building, etc 2. Area or Zone Recon: Specific Area 3. Route Recon: Road, Stream, Ridgeline, etc. The patrol should attempt to accomplish the following objectives:

1. Maintain accountability of personnel 2. Maintain accountability of equipment 3. Cross LD on time 4. Use appropriate movement techniques 5. Maintain noise, light and litter discipline 6. Communicate with hand and arm signals 7. Occupy ORP 8. Secure ORP while objective is being Reconed 9. Recon Objective 10. Consolidate Recon data 11. Give recon data to everyone on patrol 12. Move back to assembly area using a different route 13. Report patrol findings to HQ 14. Debrief Patrol/AAR 4b1. Maintain Accountability of Personnel: It is the patrol leader's responsibility to keep track of their patrol members. If you depart with 12 cadets, you should return with 12 cadets. Also, watch for signs of illness or injury with your cadets. Bottom line, leaders take care of their people. A good way to keep accountability of people at night is to pass the count. 4b2. Maintain Accountability of Equipment: It is very easy to loose equipment in the field, especially at night. Take time at the LD, ORP and when you return to verify all sensitive item (compasses, radios, code books, weapons, etc) and personal equipment accountability. 4b3. Cross the LD on Time: In military operations it is important to be on time. Therefore your patrol should cross the LD on schedule. In an actual tactical situation, your coordination may depend on this. 4b4. Use Appropriate Movement Techniques: Use movement formations and techniques that are suitable for the conditions. At night, only a column may work, but during daylight hours, wedge formations may be more appropriate for the terrain crossed. Also, depending on how likely enemy contact is, you may need to move in travelling overwatch or bounding overwatch. Also, at the halt, deploy security to the front, rear and flanks. 4b5. Maintain Noise, Light and Litter Discipline: Your patrol must be conducted quietly, stay visually hidden, and leave as little trace of its passing as possible. Noise and light will give away your position and possibly your intentions. 4b6. Communicate with hand and arm signals. Everyone should mirror the hand and arm signal given and then carry out its intent. For instance if the point man gives the hand signal for halt, then each herson down the line should halt and give the hand signal for halt. Communicate verbally only when necessary and then in wispers directly into the ear of the person you are talking to. 4b7. Occupy the ORP: The security element should secure the ORP, while the remainder of the patrol waits in the last RP (rally point) prior to the ORP. The security element should search the ORP, then occupy the ORP. Once secure and occupied the security element leader should send an all clear signal to the Patrol Leader to bring the patrol in. 4b8. Secure the ORP: 360' security should be maintained on the ORP from the moment the ORP is cleared until the the entire patrol departs to return to friendly lines. It is the resposibility of the security element to secure the ORP and hold it until the recon is complete. 4b9. Recon Objective: Send out small recon teams of 3 cadets each to conduct the recon. The recon teams should attempt to get at least 2 perspectives of the objective, you may not be able to

see everything from your vantage point. Avoid being seen, if the recon elements are seen the patrol has failed to achieve its objective. 4b10. Consolidate Recon Data: All the recon teams should inform all patrol members of the recon data prior to departing the ORP. If the patrol receives casualties returning to the patrol base, someone can still report the information gathered. Also, different teams may have different information gathered because they had different perspectives. 4b12. Move Back to Assembly Area Using a Different Route: Move back to the LD by a different route than the route you moved to the ORP. Remember the operation is not over until you are safe back inside friendly lines. This is the phase of the operation when people tend to get sloppy. The patrol leader must keep people focused and sharp. 4b13. Report Patrol Findings to HQ: The patrol leader should report in to HQ/S2 after completing the patrol. A complete patrol report should be made using report format SALUTE. While the patrol leader is reporting to HQ, the assistant patrol leader should be doing troop care and getting the patrol ready for the de-briefing/after action review (AAR). 4b14. The patrol leader should conduct an AAR to debrief the patrol. This should be done before releasing people for rest when possible. Its important to discuss the patrol's actions while everyone's memory of what occurred is still fresh in their memory. It is important in the AAR to discuss the following: What happened? What went well? What did not go well? What should have have been done in order to improve?

USSACP RAIDER SCORESHEET Edition 23-Apr-05

Date Task Number Task Description Demonstrated Grader 301-348-1050 Report Info of Potential Intel Value 113-571-1022 Perform Voice Communications 113-573-8006 Use an Automated SOI 051-191-1501 Perform Individual Camoflage 071-326-0511 React to Flares 071-331-0801 Challenge Persons Entering Area 071-331-0804 Perform Surv w/o Use of Electr

Device

071-331-0815 Practice Noise, Light, Litter Discipline

071-326-0513 Select Temporary Fighting Position 191-377-5250 Handle Enemy Personnel And Equip 071-326-0600 Use and React To Hand and Arm

Signals

071-326-0501 Move as a Member of a Fire Team 071-326-0515 Select a Movement Route Using a

Map

071-329-1019 Use a Map Overlay 071-329-1006 Navigate on Ground Dismounted 071-326-0503 Move Over, through or Around

Obstac

CADTEP R-1 Completes CADTEP with 80% Pass

Rate

Commandants Signature: ____________________________ Date: ____________ Order Number: __________________ USSACPF 315R

RAIDER CADET TRAINING EVAUATION PROGRAM

Cadet: ____________________________ Mem#: ____________ Date: ___________ TASK DESCRIPTION GO/NO R001 Receives Mission N/A R001A Takes Comprehensive Notes R001B Asks Questions R001C Gives Brief Back on Assigned Mission R002 Prepares and Delivers Warning Order N/A R002a Mission Type R002b Uniform and Equipment Needed R002c Time Patrol Leader Will Deliver OPORD R002d Time of Pre-Combat Inspection R002e Time of Departure R002f Delegates Asst Patrol Ldr to Prep Unit R003 Plans Operation and Writes Patrol Operations Order N/A R003a Selects ORP R003b Selects Route to ORP R003c Selects Separate Route Returning from ORP R003d Determines Organization of Patrol and Chain of

Command N/A

R003da Chain Of Command R003db Security Element R003dc Recon Element(s) R003dd RTO R003de Point Man R003df Compass Man R003dg Pace Counter(s) R003e Gets Call Signs/Frequencies R003f Gets Challenge/Password R003g Determines Special Supplies Required R003h Plans Operation N/A R003ha Movement Formations R003hb Rally Points R003hc Action on Crossing Danger Areas R003hd Action to Occupy the ORP R003he Actions of Recon Team(s) at Objective R003i Write Operations Order R004 Brief Operations Order R005 Conducts Rehearsals N/A R005a Movement R005b Occupying ORP R005c Crossing Danger Area

RAIDER CADET TRAINING EVAUATION PROGRAM CADTEP R-001 (Continued)

TASK DESCRIPTION GO/NO R005d React to Enemy Contact R006 Obtain Logistical Requirements for Operation N/A R006a Obtain Supplies R006b Coordinate With Sentries Departure and Return R007 Conducts Pre-combat Inspection N/A R007a Cadets Missing Items Identified R007b Cadets with Special Duties Have Required Equip N/A R007ba RTO (Radio & SOI) R007bb Compass (compass) R007c Conducts Re-inspections as Required R007d Equipment is Quiet R008 Crosses Line of Departure on Time R009 Movement to ORP N/A R009a Correct Formations for Terrain Negotiated R009b Noise Discipline was Observed R009c Light Discipline was Observed R009d Danger Areas were Cleared R009e Rally Points Were Designated R009f ORP was Properly Occupied R010 Recon Team(s) Dispatched R011 Recon Team(s) Challenged when they Re-enter ORP R012 Recon Team Leaders Consolidate Data N/A R012a Data Consolidated into a Single Patrol Report R012b Data is Deseminated to all Patrol Members R013 Movement Back to Assembly Area N/A R013a Different Route than used to get to ORP R013b Correct Formations for Terrain Negotiated R013c Noise Discipline was Observed R013d Danger Areas were Cleared R013e Rally Points Were Designated R014 Patrol Crosses Back into Friendly lines using proper

Chall/Pswd

R015 Patrol Leader Gives Patrol Report R016 Patrol Leader Debriefs Patrol R017 Patrol Leader Looks after needs of Patrol Members Number of Go Tasks (48 out of 60 required to Pass) Evaluator 1: ___________________________________ Evaluator 2: ___________________________________

PATROL LEADERS CARD

5 Para OPORD Patrol Actions 1. Situation 1. Account for personnel a. Friendly 2. Account for Equipment b. Enemy 3. Cross LD on time 2. Mission 4. Use appropriate movement tech. 3. Execution a. Formation for terrain a. Concept of operation b. Clear danger areas b. Tasks to Sub Units c. Establish RPs c. Coordinating Instructions 5. Maintain noise/light discipline 4. Service Support 6. Communicate with hand/arm sigs 5. Command & Signal 7. Occupy ORP a. Chain of Command 8. Secure ORP while recon teams b. Organization 9. Recon teams recon OBJ c. Frequencies callsigns 10. Consolidate recon data d. Challenge & password 11. Make sure everyone on patrol has recon data Patrol Planning 12. Move back to assembly area use 1. Receive Mission different route 2. Prep & deliver warning order 13. Report to HQ 3. Plan operation 14. Debrief Patrol 4. Write OPORD 5. Brief OPORD Do you know challenge and password? 6. Conduct Rehearsals Do you know call signs and Freq? 7. Logistics & Coordination Does Team have equipment required? 8. Conduct Pre-Combat Inspection Do individuals have equipment required? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Glossarg Report Enemy Intelligence Info LD Line of departure S - Size AA Assembly area A - Activity ORP Objective Rally point L - Location RP Rally point U - Unit/Uniform OBJ Objective T - Time/Date AO Area of operation E - Equipment SITREP Radio situation report LOGREP Radio logistics report Warning Order PL Phase line CP Check Point 1. Mission Type TRP Target reference point 2. Uniform/Equipment required LP/OP Listening/observation post 3. Timeline a. departure time/location Troop Care b. inspection time/location c. rehearsal time/location 1. Hydration d. Prep time & supervision a. do canteens have water b. are they drinking enough 2. Hygiene Prisoners a. Clean hands before eat b. Clean hands after restroom 1. Search c. Brush teeth in morning 2. Silence 3. Feet 3. Segregate a. Do boots fit properly 4. Speed b. Wearing correct type of socks 5. Safegaurd c. check for blisters 4. Nutrition Fill out capture tag, include location a. Eating enough of capture, time/date and conditions of b. Eating healthy food capture, list any objects documents 5. Getting adequate rest taken.