USA today is the leading USA today is the leading industrial nation in the world. Why? industrial nation in the world. Why?

Wealth of resourcesWealth of resources

Explosion of inventions Explosion of inventions Growing urban population Growing urban population providing providing markets for markets for new productsnew products

Early key to industrial expansion:Early key to industrial expansion: discovery of oil in U. S.discovery of oil in U. S.

1859—Edwin L. Drake—Titusville,1859—Edwin L. Drake—Titusville, PA. Use steam engine to drill PA. Use steam engine to drill for oil.for oil.Began oil boom:Began oil boom:KY, OH, IL, IN KY, OH, IL, IN Led to oil-based Led to oil-based kerosene andkerosene andgasoline gasoline

Deposits of coal and iron ore alsoDeposits of coal and iron ore also led to industrial strength.led to industrial strength.Coal: PA, OH, WV, VA, KYCoal: PA, OH, WV, VA, KYIron ore: Mesabi Range of MN—100 Iron ore: Mesabi Range of MN—100 mi by 3 mimi by 3 mi

Removing carbon from iron makesRemoving carbon from iron makes a lighter, more flexible, rust-a lighter, more flexible, rust- resistant metal:resistant metal: Steel Steel

Bessemer Process (1850, Bessemer Process (1850, Englishman Henry Bessemer)Englishman Henry Bessemer) injected air into molten injected air into molten iron to remove carbon iron to remove carbon and transform it into and transform it into steel.steel.

By 1880, 90% of Steel-> US By 1880, 90% of Steel-> US

Largest American customers for Largest American customers for steel:steel: Railroads Railroads Others as well: barbed wire,Others as well: barbed wire, plows, etc.plows, etc.

Steel transformed the face Steel transformed the face of the USAof the USA

http://youtu.be/QldVbEfrSvA

Robber Barons…Robber Barons…

Andrew Andrew CarnegieCarnegie

•Born extremely poor, Carnegie was determined to push for a better life.

Three years after arriving in the U.S.A. the young Carnegie began writing to his friends in Scotland extolling the great virtues of American democracy whilst disparaging and criticising "feudal British institutions".

http://youtu.be/-_GQuhOK_lc

In 1851 he became a Telegraph Messenger boy in the Pittsburgh Office of the Ohio Telegraph Company, at $2.50 per week. This to the young Carnegie seemed a fortune.

During this pre-war period he had formed a partnership with a Mr. Woodruff, an inventor. His invention was; sleeping cars for railways. The great distances that railways had to transverse, had meant stopping for the night at Hotels and Inns by the Railside. The Sleeping Car sped up travel and the opening up of the West tremendously. It proved a great success, and a source of great fortune for Woodruff and Carnegie. Following his good fortune, Carnegie proceeded to increase it still further through fortunate and careful investments in 1864 of Storey Farm on Oil Creek, in Venango County, Pennsylvania, which cost $40,000, and yielded in one year over $1,000,000 in cash dividends, and where the oil wells secured a large profit.

Man does not live by bread alone. I have Man does not live by bread alone. I have known millionaires starving for lack of the known millionaires starving for lack of the nutriment which alone can sustain all that is nutriment which alone can sustain all that is human in man, and I know workmen, and human in man, and I know workmen, and many so-called poor men, who revel in many so-called poor men, who revel in luxuries beyond the power of those luxuries beyond the power of those millionaires to reach. millionaires to reach. It is the mind that It is the mind that makes the body rich. makes the body rich. There is no class so There is no class so pitiably wretched as that which possesses pitiably wretched as that which possesses money and nothing else. Money can only be money and nothing else. Money can only be the useful drudge of things immeasurably the useful drudge of things immeasurably higher than itself. Exalted beyond this, as it higher than itself. Exalted beyond this, as it sometimes is, it remains Caliban still and sometimes is, it remains Caliban still and still plays the beast. My aspirations take a still plays the beast. My aspirations take a higher flight. Mine be it to have contributed higher flight. Mine be it to have contributed to the enlightenment and the joys of the to the enlightenment and the joys of the mind, to the things of the spirit, to all that mind, to the things of the spirit, to all that tends to bring into the lives of the toilers of tends to bring into the lives of the toilers of Pittsburgh sweetness and light. I hold this Pittsburgh sweetness and light. I hold this the noblest possible use of wealth.the noblest possible use of wealth.

Carnegies advice…Carnegies advice…

Carnegie establishes over Carnegie establishes over 1600 libraries in the U.S.1600 libraries in the U.S.

http://youtu.be/fMTOXJ-mwak

Brooklyn Bridge—1883Brooklyn Bridge—1883First bridge to use steel cables.First bridge to use steel cables.1,595 span of East River in NYC1,595 span of East River in NYC

At the time, its towers were higherAt the time, its towers were higher than any human-made structurethan any human-made structure except the pyramids of Egypt. except the pyramids of Egypt.

William Le Baron Jenney—designed William Le Baron Jenney—designed first skyscraper with a steel frame:first skyscraper with a steel frame: The Home Insurance Building The Home Insurance Building in in Chicago, IL.Chicago, IL.

Strength of steel framesStrength of steel frames allowed architects and allowed architects and engineers to design engineers to design buildings as high as buildings as high as they could.they could.

Strong as steel!

We built this city…

Thomas Alva Edison—Menlo Park, NJ Thomas Alva Edison—Menlo Park, NJ World’s first research World’s first research laboratory laboratory Incandescent light bulbIncandescent light bulbSystem of producing System of producing and distributing and distributing electric power—nationalelectric power—national system of power plantssystem of power plants

                           

Thomas EdisonAmerican Inventor

1847 -1931    Hell, there are no rules here—we're   trying to accomplish something.    

                                                                                                                                                            —Thomas Edison

"Be courageous! Whatever setbacks America  has encountered, it has always emerged as a stronger and more prosperous nation...."

"Be brave as your fathers before you. Have faith and go forward"                  " 

http://youtu.be/gJ1Mz7kGVf0

http://youtu.be/Js6CZPD5XfE

Edison’s harnessing of electric power Edison’s harnessing of electric power completely changed the nature of completely changed the nature of American business American business

Spurred invention of numerous Spurred invention of numerous appliances appliances Electric streetcars—helped outwardElectric streetcars—helped outward spread of citiesspread of cities

Also, factoriesAlso, factories could be located could be located away from sourcesaway from sources of powerof power

Other inventions Other inventions Christopher Sholes Christopher Sholes Invented typewriterInvented typewriter in 1867in 1867

James Dunsmore—James Dunsmore— improved typewriter for market in improved typewriter for market in 18731873

http://youtu.be/-n1FDu2GZ8M

Other inventions Other inventions Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell Invented the telephoneInvented the telephone in 1876in 1876

Coast-to-coast service by 1915Coast-to-coast service by 1915http://youtu.be/QfLWtebubtY

Overall, industry contributed to anOverall, industry contributed to an improved standard of living in USAimproved standard of living in USA1890—average work week=10 hours1890—average work week=10 hours

PhonographsPhonographs bicyclesbicyclescamerascameras

New opportunities for New opportunities for recreation recreation

http://youtu.be/h3vT4ZyFEVg

Most influential…

http://youtu.be/h5cAqp2OcI4

And the greatest new

Innovation?

Toilets that flush! Thomas Thomas Crapper—Crapper—butbut did not did not solve solve the the sanitation sanitation problem as problem as longlongas sewage as sewage poured into poured into open open ditches ditches or streams or streams

http://http://youtu.be/youtu.be/WNUuJfshDGIWNUuJfshDGI

What’s next?http://http://youtu.be/youtu.be/cc9Hu7bqQYocc9Hu7bqQYo