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USA AN ANALYSIS
Abimanyu N N
Jeremiah
Meenakshi
Santra H R
Surya
Hannah Gracelyn
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US HISTORY
12,000 B.C. Reliable evidence of early life
in North America
3,000 B.C. Primitive type of corn grown
600 B.C. Adenans First Native American Mounds Various shapes
500 B.C. Hopewellians disappeared Great
Traders
Complex hierarchical societies Humansacrifice
Population of Native Americans at the time of
European arrival 2 to 18 million
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US HISTORY
Native American Culture
Extraordinarily diverse
Hunting, gathering and cultivation of maize
Men Hunting and warring Women Farming and food distribution
Children More freedom and tolerance
Native American culture primarily oral
Value for tales and dreams
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US HISTORY
Arrival of Europeans
985 Norse people from Greenland
1497 Christopher Columbus landed
1502 John Cabot British claims 1522 Spain conquer Mexico
1585 Raleigh established first British
colony But abandoned
1607 Successful colony at Jamestown 1609Dutchmens presence DEIC
1624 Jacques Cartier French claims
1630 Massachusetts Bay Colony
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US HISTORY
1619 First African Slaves
1660s Demand for more slaves due to
plantations
1689 English Bill of Rights & TolerationAct
1730 Great Awakening
1745 22 newspapers in British NA
1775 American population more than 2.5million
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US HISTORY
Stamp Act Revenue stamps on all kinds of
documents. E.g. Newspapers, pamphlets
1765 Townshend Act Taxes imposed on
goods legal
1773 Boston Tea Party
July 4, 1776 Declaration of Independence
April 15, 1783 Congress approved final
treaty September 3 Treaty of Paris
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US HISTORY
March 4, 1789 Formation of new government
April 30, 1789 George Washington took the
oath of office
1797 John Adams succeeded Washington 1798Jeffersons first term
1805Jeffersons second term
1809 James Madison succeeded Jefferson
1817-1825Monroes Presidency Era ofgood feelings
1840sAmerican womens rights movement
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US HISTORY
1850 Territory comprised of 31 states
1860 4 million slaves in 15 states
1852Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle
Toms Cabin Cruelty of slavery November 1860 Lincoln as President
April 12,1861 American Civil War
Confederates (North) vs. Union (South)
April 9,1865 Civil War over April 15,1865 Lincoln assassinated
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US HISTORY
Technology
1844 Morse Electrical telegraphy
1867 Typewriter
1876 Graham Bell Telephone 1886 Linotype composing machine
1888 Adding Machine
1897 Cash Register
1901 United States Steel Corporation
Standard Oil Company John D. Rockfeller
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US HISTORY
April 2,1917 World War I - Declaration of
war
Nov 11,1918 German surrender
Oct 1929 Great Depression Stock Market
Crash
1932 Herbert Hoover dilemma
1933 F.D. Roosevelt New Deal
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US HISTORY
New Deal I
Banking & Finance FDIC
Unemployment Tennessee Valley Authority
Agriculture Agriculture Adjustment Act
Industry & Labor National Recovery
Administration 1933
New Deal II
The Works Progress Administration (WPA) Social Security Act of 1935
National Labor Relations Act, Wealth Tax Act
Public Utility Holding Company Act and
Banking Act
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US HISTORY
August 1941 Atlantic Charter
Aug 6,1945 Hiroshima Bomb
Aug 9,1945 Nagasaki Bomb
Sept 2,1945 Japan surrendered Cold War Issues
1953 Eisenhower First Republican
President
1955 Rosa Parks issue Rise of Martin Luther King Jr.
Civil Rights Act 1957 Voting
Civil Rights Movement 1960-1980
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US HISTORY
1960 President John F. Kennedy
Ending recession
Cuban Missile Crisis 1942
Limited Test Ban Treaty 1943 Space Program Explorer I 1958
July 20,1969 Neil Armstrong First
Human on moon
Nov 22,1963 JFK Assassination War in Vietnam
Invasion of Cambodia 1970
End of Vietnam war - 1975
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US HISTORY
1976 President Jimmy Carter
Inflation 10%
Lack of effective energy policy
1980 President Ronald Reagan Recession of 1980s
1989 President George H.W. Bush
1990 End of Cold War
Gulf WarIraqs Invasion of Kuwait
Nov 3 Bill Clinton President
September 11,2001 Terror Attack on WTC
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National Flag
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Joe Biden
Barack Obama
President
Vice President
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DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS
Capital-Washington, D.C.
Largest city -New York City
No. of states-50
Federal District-1 National language -English
Government-Federal presidentialconstitutional republic
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Total resident population of 314,440,000.
Third most populous country
Urbanized population, with 82% residing
in cities California and Texas are the most
populous states
New York City is the most populous city in
the United States.
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Rank Core city Metro area
population
1 New York City 19,015,900
2 Los Angeles 12,944,801
3 Chicago 9,504,753
4 Dallas 6,526,5485 Houston 6,086,538
6 Philadelphia 5,992,414
7 Washington, D.C. 5,703,948
8 Miami 5,670,125
9 Atlanta 5,359,205
10 Boston 4,591,112
MAJOR CITIES
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POPULATION
Females -155.6 million
Males -151.4 million
People under 20 years of age made up
over a quarter of the U.S. population(27.3%)
People age 65 and over made up one-
eighth (12.8%)
The national median age was 36.8 years Population growth rate-0.963%
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Whites constitute the majority of the U.S.
population.
The most densely populated state is New
Jersey
United States had 51 metropolitan
250 million Americans live in or around
urban areas
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RELIGION
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LANGUAGES
Main Language Percentage
English 82.1
Spanish 10.7Other Indo-
European
3.8
Asian and Pacific
island
2.7
Other languages 0.7
S.No. Main immigrantlanguage
1 Spanish
2 Chinese
3 French
4 German
5 Tagalog
6 Vietnamese
7 Italian
Main languages Immigrant languages
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INCOME
Region Median Household
Income
U.S. $50,054
Northeast $53,864
Midwest $48,722South $46,899
West $52,376
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GEERT HOFSTEDEs
CULTURALDIMENSIONS FOR
USA
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POWER DISTANCE
Score 40 - Emphasizing American premise of liberty
and justice for all
Hierarchy is established for convenience
Superiors are always accessible Communication is informal, direct and participative
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INDIVIDUALISM VS COLLECTIVISM
Score 91 loosely-knit society
High degree of geographical mobility
Accustomed to doing business with strangers
Employees are expected to be self-reliant and displayinitiative
Hiring & Promotion - Based on merit or evidence of what
one has done or can do
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MASCULINITY VS FEMININITY
Score 62 - Masculine society
Behavior is based on the shared values -
strive to be the best they can be & the
winner takes all
Americans freely talk about their
successes and achievements in life
Live to work Focus on monetary rewards
and high status
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UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE
Score 46 - uncertainty accepting
Larger degree of acceptance for
new ideas, innovative products and
a willingness to try something new
Americans tend to be more tolerant
of ideas or opinions from anyone
Allow the freedom of expression
Dont require a lot of rules
Less emotionally expressive
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LONG-TERM VS SHORT-TERM
ORIENTATION
Score 29 short-term oriented culture
Culture focused on traditions and fulfilling
social obligations
They measure their performance on a
short-term basis
Profit and loss statements are issued on a
quarterly basis
Strive for quick results within the work
place
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COMPARISON BETWEEN US
AND MEXICO
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AMERICAN BEHAVIOUR
Generally, Americans are very polite, friendly
and helpful, but have no patience with
interference in their private lives.
You may find it difficult to discuss everything
with an American friend, at least, when you
are getting to know each other.
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AMERICAN BEHAVIOUR
Exercising is important, and they usually go for
aerobics, swimming, tennis or a jog a few times
during the week.
Dont be surprised if complete strangers greet you.
Be polite and greet them back.
They are particular about theirleisure time, health
and hygiene.
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US FESTIVALS AND HOLIDAYS
List of US holidays
Date Holiday Name
1st January New Year's Day
20th January Inauguration Day
3rd Monday in January Martin Luther King Jr Day
3rd Monday in February Presidents' Day/Washington'sBirthday
Last Monday in May Memorial Day
4th July Independence Day
1st Monday in September Labor Day
2nd Monday in October Columbus Day
11th November Veterans' Day
4th Thursday in November Thanksgiving
25 December Christmas Day
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SPORTS AND GAMES
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POPULAR AMERICAN PHRASES
I hate that show-off, alwaysshooting her mouth off
- Shes talking too much
After dinner the old man would justhit the sack
- Go to sleep
I think I goofedit up again!!
- Embarrassing mistake
Act your age
- Behave maturely
Aint that the truth
- I agree, Aint means it is not
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POPULAR AMERICAN PHRASES
Beats me
- I cannot figure out
Cut it out
- Stop doing that
Dont beat around the bush- Get to the important matter
Dig up
- Listen carefully
Hang in there
- Have patience things will work out
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POPULAR AMERICAN PHRASES
Im all ears
- You have my attention
Its on me
- I will pay the bill
Lets talk turkey- Lets get down to business
Just give me the bottom line
- Dont bother me with lot of details
Thats it, in a nutshell
- Thats all there is to tell about something
Its walk in the park
- Its something thats easy to accomplish
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PARTIES IN AMERICA
Formal dinner party: The host prepares everything.
Casual get-together: The host prepares some food
and the guests can bring some too.
Potluck dinner/lunch/picnic: All the invited guests
bring one dish
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HALLOWEEN (OCTOBER 31ST)
This is the holiday that children like the most. Children carve
out the pumpkin and make scary faces. They also dress up in
costumes and walk around the neighbourhood asking for
candy. They first knock on the door and say Trick or Treat!
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GARAGE SALE
People in America dont throw out old
things.
Either give to others or sell them at a
cheap price.
Neighbours can look at the sign and
stop by the garage sale to buy things
they need at a cheap price.
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IM SORRY When do you say Im sorry? Americans say Im
sorry in 2 situations. First is when they do something
wrong. Second is when they hear a bad news from
others.
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ORDERING FOOD
When you order food at the restaurant it is okay to give detail
description of what you want to order. You can ask the
waiter/waitress to cook your food in any way you want. Its not
rude. When you are calling the waiter, you should make an eye
contact.
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TIME MANAGEMENT
Americans are very particular about
time-management. They come to
office early and leave on time. We
will rarely find them working late
hours, or on weekends. They have
their weekends pre-planned, and
value their privacy.
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BUSINESS IN AMERICA
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The U. S. was founded on the work ethic that good,
honest, hard work is rewarded
Because of this work ethic, time is money andpunctuality is highly regarded
The culture and geographic location of an area will
influence how business is done
Traditionally, the East Coast is more conservative andformal in their dress and manners than the West Coast
The climate and lifestyle are more relaxed, which is
reflected in the pace and informality.
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ETIQUETTE FOR BUSINESS LUNCHES,
DINNERS PLACE SETTING
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SALARY PLANS
Paid vacations are
usually two weeks.
Other company benefits
include sick days and
personal days.
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RETIREMENT AGE
Americans usually retire
at the age of 65, but
may retire earlier if their
pension plans permit it.
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WORKING HOURS
Normal office timings go from 8
AM to 5 PM. You do need to
maintain a minimum of 8
hours per day or 40 hours
per week. Results matter more
than anything; you must be
able to deliver on demand.
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DOs & DONTs At work or elsewhere while talking, if you
want to say Yes, just say "YES". Don't
nod your head up and down. Moving
your head side to side is found to be
very confusing, and its mostly taken as
NO.
Never, ever talk in your native
language in presence of Americans
during a gathering.
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DOs & DONTs
When you are going to smoke, don't say "I am going out for a
fag".
Never ever ask for a rubber when you need an eraser. Here a
rubber means a "condom" !!
Don't call a black person a "Negro" or any thing else , it is
always good to call them "African Americans". Also never call
an "American Indian" as a "Red Indian", they get very
offended. You may call them as Native Americans or American
Indians.
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DOs & DONTs Don't say "The Phone was engaged", as engaged means
getting engaged. Instead say "There was a busy tone".
Don't say "I'll ring you back." or "I'll give you a ring later".Here ring is the engagement ring, rather say "I'll call you, or buzz
you".
Don't offer chewing gum, or a breath freshener to others. It
gives them a message that they have a bad breath. Your
intention may not be but it is easily mistaken.
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BUSINESS APPEARANCE
Business suit and tie are appropriate in all major cities.
Wear dark colored business suits.
For an important formal meeting, choose a white dress
shirt, for less formal a light blue shirt will do
Women should wear a suit or dress with jacket in major
cities.
Wearing classic clothing and classic colors of navy, gray,
ivory, and white will ensure you give a confident and
conservative appearance.
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BUSINESS APPEARANCE
Rural areas and areas with extremely
warm summers have more informal
wardrobe requirements.
Women may wear a business dress, or
skirt and blouse, in rural areas.
Men may conduct business without
wearing a jacket and/or tie in rural areas.
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BUSINESS APPEARANCE
Casual clothing is appropriate when not attending a workrelated meeting/dinner.
Clothing, whether formal or casual, should be clean and
neat in appearance.
Men may generally wear jeans or khaki pants with a shirtfor casual attire.
Women may wear comfortably fitting slacks with a
casual shirt. Wearing jeans or shorts, even in a casual
setting, may be inappropriate for the city.
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BUSINESS BEHAVIOR
Business conversation maytake place duringmeals. However, many times you will find more
social conversation taking place during the actual
meal.
Business meetings may be arranged as breakfastmeetings, luncheon meetings, or dinner meetings
depending on time schedules and necessity.
Generally a dinner, even though for business
purposes, is treated as a social meal and a time to
build rapport.
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BUSINESS BEHAVIOR
Gift giving is discouraged or limited by
many US companies. A gracious written
note is always appropriate and acceptable.
If you do give a gift, it should not appear
to be a bribe.
An invitation for a meal or a modest gift is
usually acceptable
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BUSINESS BEHAVIOR
If you are someplace with a line or queue,
go to the end and wait your turn.
Do not use or chew on a toothpick in
public.
Many public places and private homes do
not allow smoking. In some areas laws
have been passed to prevent smoking in
public places.
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COMMUNICATION
Offer a firm handshake, lasting 3-5 seconds, upon
greeting and leaving. Maintain good eye contact
during your handshake.
If you are meeting several people at once, maintain
eye contact with the person you are shaking handswith, until you are moving on the next person.
Good eye contact during business and social
conversations shows interest, sincerity and
confidence.
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COMMUNICATION
Business cards are generally exchanged
during introductions. However, they may
be exchanged when one party is leaving.
A smile is a sign of friendliness, and in
rural areas you may be greeted with a"hello" rather than a handshake.
Ask permission to smoke before lighting a
cigarette or cigar. Due to health concerns,
you may or may not be given permission
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National Context
KEY BUSINESS PRACTICES
AND INDUCED FACTORCONDITIONS
INSTITUTIONS
NATIONAL &BUSINESS
CULTURE
NATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN HRM POLICIESRecruitment
SelectionTraining and Development
Performance AppraisalCompensation
Labor Relations
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HRTrends
andPracticesin theUSA
Legal
Environment
Staffing &Selection
Compensation
& Benefits
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THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
Employmentrelationship
Discriminationlegislation
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LEGAL CONDITIONS IN THE U.S.
The Employment RelationshipEquitable
Exchange
Employment Contract
Formal agreement, voluntary: Defines and
governs the terms and conditions of the
employment relationship; promises andexpectations change with time
Written or oral, both are legally enforceable
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STATUTORY LAWS
Civil Rights Act 1866
Right to make and enforce contracts for employment for all citizens as
enjoyed by white citizens.
Civil Rights Act of 1871
Right to sue if deprived of any rights or privileges guaranteed by the
Constitution and laws for ALL citizens. Must show intention.
Equal Pay Act 1963
Equal pay for equal work regardless of SEX (female employees only);
AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT
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AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT
ACT 1967
Amended 1986. Protects Employees and
applicants who are 40 years old and above (no
upper limit)
No mandatory retirement age (except law
enforcement officers, firefighters, tenured
professors, executive under certain conditions,
top policy makers)
US RECRUITMENT STRATEGIES
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US RECRUITMENT STRATEGIES
Open and public
0 10 20 30 40 50
Newspapers
Walk-ins
Employee Referrals
Promotion from Within
Universities
State Employment Service
Private Employment Service
Percent Recruited
Office/Clerical Production/Service Professional/Technical Sales
THE US APPROACH TO SELECTION
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THE US APPROACH TO SELECTION
Match skills and job
requirements
Universalistic
criteria
APPLICATION
INITIAL INTERVIEWS
EMPLOYMENT TESTS
REFERENCES CHECKS
PRELIMINARY SELECT OR
REJECT
FINAL INTERVIEWS
HIRING DECISION
TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT
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Type Countries Features and Sources of
Institutional Pressures
Company-Based
Voluntarism/
high labor
mobility
USA and the UK Lack of institutional pressures to
provide training. Companies
provide training based on own
cost-benefits.
TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT
SKILLS IMPARTED IN THE USA
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0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Management
Computer
Technical
Procedures
Clerical
Sales
Remedial/Basic
SKILLS IMPARTED IN THE USA
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MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT: U.S.A
Senior level managers often identify managerialpotential
Appraisals of managerial readiness
Assessment centers
Mentoring
U S PERFORMANCE
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U.S. PERFORMANCEAPPRAISAL SYSTEM
Performance standards
Performance measures
Performance feedback Human resources decisions
Must meet legal requirements
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FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT 1938
Minimum Wage $7.25/ hour
Lower for tipped employees (A tipped employee
engages in an occupation in which he or she customarily
and regularly receives more than $30 per month in tips.
An employer of a tipped employee is only required to pay
$2.13 per hour in direct wages)
Child Labor
Age 16no restrictions
Age 18hazardous occupations
Age 14-15limitations on hours
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FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT 1938
Exempt vs Non-exempt Employees Exemptexecutive, administrative, professional, outside sales;
Employer does not have to pay overtime
Non-exemptmust be paid overtime
Overtime
Hours worked in excess of 40 hours must be compensated 1.5
times the regular rate of pay
Compensatory time off
Illegal in private sector unless given at 1.5 rate
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FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT 1993
Employers with more than 50 employees have to provide 12 weeks of
unpaid leave for family or medical emergencies.
Employer must guarantee the employee the same or a comparable job.
The employer must also pay the health-care coverage for the EE ---
which the EE has to be back if he/she fails to return to work. ERs are
allowed to exempt key employeesdefined as the highest paid 10% of
their work force whose leave would cause substantial economic harm to
the employer. Also exempt are EEs who have not worked at least 1,250hours (25 hrs a week) in the previous 12 months.
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High-energy, fast paced work
environment
Known for its informal culture
Favors ability over experience
Break rooms with free food & beverages
Sports, games, employee groups/clubs
Diversity of cultures at Google
Freedom to start individual projects
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Values
IBM Equal Opportunity
Diversity
Flexibility
Healthcare
Culture
Compensation & Benefits
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Innovation
Localization
Developing Global Talent
Leadership & Training
Working Environment
Nurturing Diversity
Volunteerism
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Move faster and take risks
Lead in advanced technologies and
quality in creating the worlds best
vehicles
Give employees more responsibility
and authority
Create positive, lasting relations with
customers, dealers, communities, union
partners and suppliers
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