U.S. IMPERIALISMThe gaining of an empire

• IMPERIALIZE for 2 Reasons:

Once a nation industrializes they will then….

1. To gain Raw Materials2. New Market to sell their

manufactured goods.

WHY DID THE US CHANGE ITS ANTI-IMPERIALISM POLICIES?

• Late 1800s-early 1900s• MOTIVATING FACTORS: The US

needed markets to sell their good and ports to refuel their ships in the Pacific.

• European nations had been practicing imperialism in Africa and Asia. Because these nations were controlling many potential trading partners of the US, many pushed for the US to gain influence and trading rights abroad

"Well, I hardly know which to take first." Boston Globe, 1898.

Is Imperialism Right for the US?

Pro-Imperialism Point of View

Anti-Imperialism Point of View

The US needs colonies to compete economically

Supporting an empire would be a financial burden

To be a true world power, the US needs colonies and naval bases

The US should concentrate its energies to solve problems at home

It is the American destiny to expand, and its duty to care for poor, weak people

Nonwhite people cannot be assimilated into American society

To abandon territories makes the US appear cowardly before the world

An empire would involve the US in more wars

It is only honorable to keep land that Americans lost their lives to obtain.

It is a violation of democratic principles to annex land and not offer its people the same rights as those of US citizens.

Insular Cases• A series of cases brought before the Supreme Court

involving the rights of those nations under control of the US.

• Court decision in 1901 was that the Constitution does not follow the flag.

• Means that the rights guaranteed in the Constitution to US citizens are not guaranteed to those under US control.

• They affected all territories but Puerto Rico the most.

The Growth of the American Empire 1898-1917

1898 Hawaii Annexation after 1893 revolution

1898 Puerto RicoGuamPhilippines

Gained from Spain after the war

1899 Samoa Treaty with Great Britain

1899 Wake Island Annexation

1903 Panama Canal Zone

Treaty Panama with after encouraging revolution against Columbia .

1917 The Virgin Islands Purchased from Denmark

• Areas of Influence in the Pacific and Asia:– Open Door Policy in

China– Annexation of Hawaii– Taking the Philippines– Guam, Midway and

SamoaAreas of Influence in

Latin America-Cuba-Panama-Venezuela

Chinese “Spheres of Influence”European nations had

been engaged in imperialism long before the US.

China had been carved up among several European nations who controlled the government by controlling the economy in each region.

Open Door Policy• .

• This stated that all nations should have equal trading rights regardless of spheres of influence

• Recommended by John Hay, US Secretary of State

Open Door Policy

• To help the US by opening up new markets for our industries to sell the surplus product they had manufactured

• Would allow open trade between China and all nations

• Proposed to Chinese government by Secretary of State John Hay.

• Problem: China didn’t agree to it.

Boxer Rebellion

Panama

Isthmus of Panama was desirable to theUS because it would cut thousands of miles off the trip fromthe east coast tothe Pacific Ocean fortrade purposes.

How Did We Get The Land

• The Panamanians were owned by Colombia and wanted to be free.

• We had offered to buy it but Colombia refused.• We backed the Panamanian revolution against

Colombia and ended up getting the land for much less than we had offered Colombia for it.

• We owned this territory until 1999.

William Howard TaftDollar Diplomacy

Woodrow WilsonMoral Diplomacy

US Latin American PolicyMONROE DOCTRINE:• established in 1823• warned foreign powers to stay out of the

Western Hemisphere.• Used to support US annexation of Texas and the

Mexican American War ROOSEVELT COROLLARY• addition to the Monroe Doctrine• Made by President Teddy Roosevelt• 1904• Roosevelt said if a nation in the Western

Hemisphere was guilty of consistently behaving wrongly, the Monroe Doctrine required that the US step in and act “as an international police power.”

The “Big Stick” Policy• established by Teddy Roosevelt who said the US

should “Walk softly and carry a big stick” meaning the US would use peaceful methods to protect its interests whenever possible but could resort to military force.

• Used in Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic

US Latin American PolicyDollar Diplomacy• established by President Howard Taft• Encouraged the US to maintain orderly

societies in foreign nations by increasing American investment.

Moral Diplomacy• established by President Woodrow Wilson• moral diplomacy meant conducting foreign

affairs in terms of right and wrong—he would only support nations that represented American democratic ideas.

• Used by the US to interfere in Mexico The Good Neighbor Policy• established by President Franklin D.

Roosevelt• This meant less emphasis on intervention

and more on cooperation• American economic dominance of the region

continued

Questions

• Did the US have the right to do the things we did?

• Do our actions have the motive of helping the US or helping those whose countries we took over?

Ja Japan

Philippines Hawaii Cuba

US gained influence in Cuba after the Spanish American War and passing the Platt Amendment in 1901.

US Annexed Hawaii in 1898

US gained influence in China through the Open Door Policy in 1899.

US helped the Philippines gain independence from Spain in 1902 then took them over despite objections from the Filipino people.

Commodore Matthew Perry Opened Trade with Japan in the 1854

Alaska was purchased from Russia 1867. Called “Seward’s Folly” but found to have tremendous natural resources.

TO SUM IT ALL UP! The US expanded its interaction with other nations as a result of the Industrial Revolution. The US was looking for new markets to sell manufactured goods. Connecting with foreign nations took many different approaches. The underlined word describes how the US intervened in these countries. 1854—US opened up trade with Japan with a trade agreement 1867—US Purchased Alaska 1898—US Annexed Hawaii 1899—US Encouraged China to agree to an Open Door Policy. 1901—US took political control of Cuba 1902—US took over Philippines

US IMPERIALISM