(US History) World War I

664

WorldWar I

1914ndash1919Why It Matters

World War I changed the world The people of the time called the conflict the Great Warand they believed that there could never again be another like it Although the United States

tried to remain neutral it was drawn into the conflict

The Impact TodayThe war touched all aspects of life When the fighting was over the United States emerged

as one of the great powers in the world

The American Journey Video The chapter 23 video ldquoOver Thererdquo examinesthe impact of technology in World War I

1914bull Beginning of

Great Migration1915bull Germany torpedoes

the Lusitania

1914bull Franz Ferdinand assassinated

bull World War I begins

1917bull Lenin leads Bolshevik

Revolution

Wilson1913ndash1921

1917bull Zimmermann telegram angers US

bull United States enters WW I

bull Selective Service Act passed

CHAPTER 23 World War I

1914 1916

AJ-664

null

36728065

665

1920bull Senate rejects League

of Nations

1918bull World War I ends

bull Flu epidemic kills more than 20 million worldwide

1919bull Treaty of Versailles signed

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 23mdashChapter Overviews to pre-view chapter information

To the Front World War I combined traditional means of warfare suchas the cavalry with modern means such as the tank and the airplane


1918 1920

1918bull National War Labor

Board is set up

1914 1915 1917 1919 War1916 1918 Post-

Step 1 Fold two sheets of paper in half from topto bottom

Time Line Study Foldable Time lines are usedto list important dates in chronological order Usethis foldable to sequence key events of World War I

Reading and Writing As you read the chapterrecord key events that occurred during each yearof World War I

Step 2 Turn the papers and cut each in half

Step 3 Fold the four pieces in half from topto bottom

Step 4 Tape the ends of the pieces together(overlapping the edges very slightly) to make anaccordion time line and label it as shown

Cut alongfold lines

Piecesof tape

666

June 1914Franz Ferdinandis assassinated

July 1914Austria-Hungarydeclares war on Serbia

August 1914Germany declares war on Russia and France

1916France and Germany fightthe Battle of Verdun


The swift chain of events that led to war in Europe in 1914 stunned AmericansMost agreed with Jeannette Rankinmdashthe first woman to serve in the US Congress ata time when women could not even vote in most statesmdashthat ldquoYou can no more wina war than you can win an earthquakerdquo Most Americans wanted the country to stayout of other countriesrsquo affairs They saw no good reason to get involved in a conflictthat they believed grew out of national pride and greed As time went on the UnitedStates found it more and more difficult to remain neutral

Troubles in EuropeThe people of Sarajevo crowded the streets of their city on the morning of

June 28 1914 They wanted to see Archduke Franz Ferdinand the heir to thethrone of the Austro-Hungarian Empire The royal couple had come on a statevisit to Bosnia an Austrian province Suddenly shots rang out The archdukeand his wife were hit and died soon after The assassination destroyed the delicate balance of European stability Within weeks Europe was at war Thetensions that led to World War I had roots that went back many years The con-flicts grew as European nations pursued dreams of empires built up theirarmies and formed alliances

Main IdeaWhen Europe went to war in 1914the United States tried to stay out ofthe conflict

Key Termsnationalism ethnic groups mili-tarism alliance system ententebalance of power

Reading StrategyOrganizing Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and identify four causes ofWorld War I

Read to Learnbull what factors led to World War Ibull how the early fighting progressed

in Europe

Section ThemeScience and Technology Newweapons and other technology wereused in fighting the war

War in Europe

Causes of WWI

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1914 1915 1916

Jeannette Rankin

AJ-666

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8238989

667

Forming AlliancesAlong with militarism came a strengthening

of the alliance system or the defense agree-ments among nations By 1914 two majoralliances had been established Germany Aus-tria-Hungary and Italy banded together in theTriple Alliance while Great Britain France andRussia joined in the Triple Entente An ententeis an understanding among nations

The alliances aimed to keep peace by creatinga balance of powermdasha system that prevents anyone country from dominating the others Yet thealliance system actually posed a great dangerAn attack on one nation was all that was neededto trigger a war involving many countries

Europe was like a powder keg One Americandiplomat noted that it would take ldquoonly a sparkto set the whole thing offrdquo That spark wasignited in the Balkans

Describing What was the purposeof the alliance system

Crisis in the BalkansThe Balkan Peninsula in southeastern

Europe was a hotbed of nationalist and ethnicrivalries in the early 1900s The nations ofGreece Albania Romania and Bulgaria arguedover territory while Slavic nationalists hopedto unite all the Slavic peoples in the regionEspecially bitter was the dispute between Austria-Hungary whose Slavic people desiredindependence and the neigh-boring nation of Serbiawhich supported the Slavsand opposed the empire

An Assassination Leadsto War

Franz Ferdinandrsquosassassin Gavrilo Principwas a member of a Ser-bian nationalist groupPrincip and other terroristshad plotted the murder toadvance the cause of the unifi-cation of Slavic peoples

NationalismNationalism a feeling of intense loyalty to

onersquos country or group caused much of the ten-sion in Europe On the one hand nationalismencouraged new nations such as Italy and Ger-many to unify and to establish their power inthe world Italy had become a kingdom in the1860s and the German states had united in the1870s Their actions challenged the position ofolder nations such as Great Britain and France

On the other hand nationalism inspired certain groups of people to break away fromexisting nations Some of these ethnic groupsmdashpeople who share a common language and traditionsmdashdemanded independent nations oftheir own

Imperial ExpansionTension in Europe also grew out of the desire

of nations to expand their empires Nationscompeted for colonies in Africa Asia and otherparts of the world These colonies not onlybrought new markets and raw materials theyalso added to a nationrsquos prestige

Great Britain and France already possessedlarge overseas empires but they wanted toexpand them even more Germany Italy andRussia wanted to increase their colonial hold-ings as well Because few areas were left to col-onize however expansion by one Europeannation often brought it into conflict withanother power

Military BuildupAs European nations competed for colonies

they strengthened their armies and navies toprotect their interests If one nation increasedits military strength its rivals felt threatenedand built up their own military in response Inthis atmosphere of militarism GermanyFrance and Russia developed huge armies inthe early 1900s

Great Britain an island nation had theworldrsquos largest and strongest navy When Ger-many began to challenge Britainrsquos naval powerin the early 1900s a bitter rivalry grew betweenthe two nations The rivalry led to an arms racethat threatened peace in Europe

ArchdukeFranz Ferdinand


AJ-667

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22591336

A day later Germany invaded Belgium aspart of a plan to sweep across eastern andnorthern France In doing so Germany violateda treaty signed in 1839 guaranteeing Belgiumrsquosneutrality The invasion of Belgium promptedGreat Britain to honor its pledge to protect Bel-gium and Britain declared war on Germany

Describing What actions did Austria-Hungary take after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand

A World War BeginsThe ldquoGreat Warrdquo had begun On one side were

the Allied Powers or the AlliesmdashGreat BritainFrance and Russia On the other were the Central

668 CHAPTER 23 World War I

44

11

77

55

99 66

88

33

22

500 kilometers

500 miles0

0Azimuthal Equidistant projection

N

S

EW

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

20degW

10degW0deg 10degE 20degE 30degE 40degE

40degN

50degN

30degW 60degN

70degN

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

CaspianSea

AralSea

Baltic

Sea

GERMANY

SWEDEN

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO

MOROCCO

ALGERIA TUNISIA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

MONTE-NEGRO

SERBIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

OTTOMAN EMPIREPERSIA

CYPRUS

GREECE

BULGARIA

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOMIreland

GreatBritain

Sarajevo

1 Region What nations made up the the Central Powers2 Drawing Conclusions What incident sparked the

beginning of World War I

Europe in World War I 1914

Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

June 28 Franz Ferdinand assassinated

July 28 Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

July 30 Russia mobilizes armed forces

Aug 1 Germany declares war on Russia

Aug 3 Germany declares war on France

Aug 4 Germany invades Belgium

Aug 4 Britain declares war on Germany

Aug 6 Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia

Aug 12 France and Britain declare war on Austria-Hungary

11

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

99

The rulers of Austria-Hungary blamed the Ser-bian government for the assassination andmoved to crush the Serbian nationalist move-ment After making sure its ally Germany supported its decision Austria-Hungary sent a letter to Serbia listing harsh demands WhenSerbia refused the conditions Austria-Hungarydeclared war on Serbia on July 28 1914

Europersquos system of alliances caused the warto spread Russia which had agreed to protectSerbia prepared for war This brought Ger-many to the side of its ally Austria-HungaryGermany declared war on Russia on August 11914 Knowing France was an ally of RussiaGermany declared war on France on August 3

AJ-668

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94771286

PowersmdashGermany Austria-Hungary and theOttoman (Turkish) Empire which joined the warin October 1914 Japan a rival of Germany inAsia joined the Allies in late August 1914 Italyrefused to honor its alliance with Germany andAustria-Hungary Instead it joined the Allies in1915 after being promised territory in Austriaafter the war

Fighting on the Western FrontIn launching an offensive through Belgium

Germany hoped to defeat France quickly anddestroy the French armies This would allowGermany to move troops east against Russia

The plan almost succeeded The Belgianshowever held out heroically for nearly threeweeks against the powerful German army Thisdelay gave the French and British time to mobi-lize their forces

After defeating the Belgians the Germansmarched into France and advanced to within15 miles of Paris The British and Frenchfinally managed to stop the German advanceat the Marne River just a few miles east of thecity The Battle of the Marne fought betweenSeptember 5 and 12 1914 saved Paris frominvasion by the Germans and boosted Frenchmorale It also made it clear that neitherside was capable of winning the warquickly or easily

After the Battle of the Marne the fight-ing in western Europe reached a stale-mate For the next three years theopposing armies faced each other acrossan elaborate network of deep trenchesTrenches along the front lines providedsome protection from flying bullets andartillery shells Support trenches behindthe lines served as headquarters first-aidstations and storage areas

In 1916 both sides attempted to breakthe deadlock of trench warfare by launch-ing major offensives The German offen-sive the Battle of Verdun in northeasternFrance began in February and continuedon and off until December At first the Ger-mans made small gains but these were lostafter the French counterattacked Verdun

was one of the longest and bloodiest battles of thewar When it was over more than 750000 Frenchand German soldiers had lost their lives

While the Battle of Verdun raged the Britishand French launched their own offensive innorthern France in Julymdashthe Battle of theSomme Again the number of casualties wasextremely high The Allies gained only about 7 miles (112 km) in the offensive

Deadly TechnologyNew and more deadly weapons accounted

for the terrible slaughter during these battlesImproved cannons and other artillery firedlarger shells greater distances than ever beforeBetter rifles enabled soldiers to hit targets withgreater accuracy

Poison gas another new and devastatingweapon was first used by the Germans overAllied lines in April 1915 The gas could kill orseriously injure anyone who breathed it ABritish officer said

ldquoThey fought with terror running blindly inthe gas cloud and dropping in agonyrdquo

Airplanes were first used in combat during World War I

AJ-669

null

18651686

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Write headlines for

events during the World War I erause each of the following termsnationalism militarism alliance system entente

2 Reviewing Facts What nationsmade up the Triple Alliance TheTriple Entente

Reviewing Themes3 Science and Technology Why were

casualties so high in World War I

Critical Thinking4 Determining Cause and Effect How

did forming alliances increase thelikelihood of war in Europe

5 Determining Cause and EffectRe-create the diagram below anddescribe two effects that militarismhad on rival nations

Analyzing Visuals6 Geography Skills Examine the map

on page 668 When did Germanydeclare war on France On what sidedid Belgium fight

The Allies began to use poison gas also and gasmasks became necessary equipment for soldiersin the trenches

The armored tank first used in World War I inJanuary 1916 proved effective for crossing battlelines to fire on the enemy at close range Tanksalso could crush barbed wire providing an eas-ier route for advancing troops After the Ger-mans saw the effectiveness of tanks theyproduced them too

The most dramatic new weaponmdashthe air-planemdashadded a new dimension to fighting inWorld War I Both sides used airplanes for watch-ing troop movements and bombing enemy tar-gets Daring pilots waged duels in the skies calledldquodogfightsrdquo The first fighter planes were onlyequipped with machine guns which were fas-tened to the top wing The most famous pilotsincluded Germanyrsquos ldquoRed Baronrdquo Baron vonRichthofen and Americarsquos Eddie Rickenbackerwho served in the French air force The Germansused the zeppelin or blimp to bomb Allied cities

On the SeasWith their land armies deadlocked in western

Europe both sides looked to the sea to gain anadvantage in the war Great Britain blockadedall ports under German control eventually caus-ing serious shortages Many Germans sufferedfrom malnutrition and illness because of lack offood and other supplies

Germany had an effective naval weapon of itsown the submarine Known as U-boatsmdashfromthe German word for submarine Unterseebootmdashsubmarines prevented supplies including foodfrom reaching Great Britain U-boat attacks onships at sea eventually affected the United Statesand changed the course of the war

Explaining What did both sidesrealize after the Battle of the Marne


Science Research the inventionsthat were developed in World War IMake a chart in which you describeeach invention and a possiblepeacetime use of the invention

Militarism

United States neutrality was put to a test when German U-boats (shownhere) attacked American ships

AJ-670

null

115929375

671

April 1917US declares war on Germany

Main IdeaThe United States entered the conflicton the side of the Allies

Key Termspropaganda autocracy

Reading StrategyAnalyzing Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and list two reasons the UnitedStates found it difficult to maintainneutrality

Read to Learnbull how Americans responded to the

war in Europebull what led to American involvement

in the war

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy TheUnited States officially neutral at firstentered the conflict

Americarsquos Roadto War


President Wilson struggled to remain neutral even after Americans had been killedat the outbreak of World War I Others felt differently An American businessmancabled the president after the Laconia was sunk by Germans ldquoMy beloved motherand sister have been foully murdered on the high seas I call upon my govern-ment to preserve its citizensrsquo self-respect and save others of my countrymen from suchdeep grief as I now feel I am of military age able to fight If my country can use meagainst these brutal assassins I am at its callrdquo Remaining neutral grew more andmore difficult

American NeutralityPresident Wilson had to make some difficult decisions He declared that the

United States would be neutral in the war and called on Americans to be ldquoneu-tral in fact as well as in name impartial in thought as well as in actionrdquo Otherinfluential political leaders also argued strongly in favor of neutrality

Maintaining neutrality

August 1914Europe goes to war

May 1915Germany torpedoesthe Lusitania

March 1917Zimmermanntelegram angers US

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1914 1916 1918

Magazine cover 1914

AJ-671

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7178473

When Europe went to war in August 1914most Americans believed that the war did notconcern them Many shared the view expressedin an editorial in the New York Sun

ldquoThere is nothing reasonable in such a warand it would be [foolish] for the country to sac-rifice itself to the policies and the clash ofancient hatreds which is urging the Old World to destructionrdquo

Despite Wilsonrsquos plea to remain neutralAmericans soon began to take sides More thanone-third of the nationrsquos 92 million people wereeither foreign-born or the children of immi-grants Many of these people naturally sympa-thized with their countries of origin Some of the8 million Americans of German or Austriandescent and the 45 million Irish Americansmdashwho hated the British because they ruled Ire-landmdashfavored the Central Powers

Even more Americans however includingPresident Wilson felt sympathetic to the AlliesTies of language customs and traditions linkedthe United States to Great Britain and manyAmericans were of British descent President Wilson told the British ambassador ldquoEverything


History

The Lusitania left New York for England on May 1 1915Germany had placed a warning notice in American news-papers but few people took it seriously How did theUnited States respond to German U-boat attacks

I love most in the world is at stakerdquo A Germanvictory ldquowould be fatal to our form of govern-ment and American idealsrdquo

Using PropagandaTo gain the support of Americans both sides

in the war used propagandamdashinformationdesigned to influence opinion Allied propa-ganda emphasized the German invasion of neu-tral Belgium and included horror stories ofGerman atrocities It called the Germans ldquoHunsrdquoand pictured them as savage barbarians

The propaganda from the Central Powers wasequally horrible but because of British sympa-thies the Allied propaganda was more effectivein influencing Americans

Americarsquos Early InvolvementTrade between the United States and the

Allies helped build support for the Allied causeAs a neutral nation America sought to tradewith both sides but Britainrsquos blockade of Ger-many made this difficult

The British navy stopped and searched Amer-ican ships headed for German ports often seiz-ing the shipsrsquo goods The United Statesprotested that its ships should be able to passwithout interference The British responded

AJ-672

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13677486


with the defense that they were fighting for theirsurvival ldquoIf the American shipper grumblesrdquowrote a London paper ldquoour reply is that thiswar is not being conducted for his pleasure orprofitrdquo The United States government could donothing about the blockade Barred from tradingwith Germany it continued trading with Britain

Indeed American trade with the Alliessoared In addition Great Britain and Franceborrowed billions of dollars from Americanbanks to help pay for their war efforts All thisbusiness caused an economic boom in theUnited States It also upset the Germans whowatched the United Statesmdashsupposedly a neu-tral nationmdashhelping the Allies

Submarine WarfareTo stop American aid to Britain Germany

announced in February 1915 that it would useits U-boats to sink any vessels that entered orleft British ports President Wilson warned that

America would hold Germany responsible forany American lives lost in submarine attacksDetermined to cut off supplies to Great Britainthe Germans ignored this threat

On May 7 1915 a German U-boat torpedoedthe British passenger liner Lusitania off the coastof Ireland WT Turner the captain reported

ldquoI saw the torpedo speeding towards usImmediately I tried to change our course butwas unable to maneuver out of its way Therewas a terrible impact as the torpedo struck thestarboard side of the vessel It was cold-blooded murderrdquo

The Lusitania sank in about 15 minutes Morethan 1000 people died including 128 UnitedStates citizens Americans were outraged andPresident Wilson denounced the attack Later itwas learned that the ship carried war materials (See page 973 for a passengerrsquos account of the sinking)

SubmarineDuring World War I GermanU-boats or submarinesbecame the terror of the seas What part of the craftguided the submarine up and down

The rudder steersthe vessel

3Torpedo tubes were alwaysloaded About 12 torpedoescould be carried at a time

4

673

2 The diving ruddersguide the submarine to different depths

The conning toweris the attack center

Periscope

Deck gun

Engine room

Control room

Crewrsquos quarters

1

The United States began building its own submarinefleet during the war The fastest American submarinesreached a top surface speed of 14 knots (a little morethan 16 miles per hour)

AJ-673

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106630264

Several months later a German U-boat torpe-doed the unarmed French passenger ship Sussexinjuring several Americans Fearing that theAmericans might enter the war Germany offeredto compensate Americans injured on the Sussexand promised to warn neutral ships and passen-ger vessels before attacking The Sussex Pledgeas it was called seemed to resolve the issue

Describing What is the aim ofpropaganda

The End of NeutralityThe crisis over submarine warfare led the

United States to take steps to strengthen its mil-itary In the summer of 1916 Congress passedlegislation that doubled the size of the army andprovided funds to build new warships Presi-dent Wilson still hoped however to stay out ofthe war


Antiwar sentiment remained very strongSome Americans criticized the nationrsquos militarybuildup seeing it as a step toward entering thewar A popular song in 1915 expressed thisopposition

ldquoI didnrsquot raise my boy to be a soldierI brought him up to be my pride and joyWho dares place a musket on his shoulderTo shoot some other motherrsquos darling boyrdquo

Antiwar sentiment was strong at the 1916 Democratic national convention where all refer-ences to the presidentrsquos efforts to keep the coun-try out of war brought wild applause AfterWilson was nominated for a second term thephrase ldquoHe Kept Us Out of Warrdquo became theDemocratsrsquo slogan The question of neutralitydivided the Republicans and Republican presi-dential candidate Charles Evans Hughesavoided discussing the issue Wilson narrowlydefeated Hughes

In January 1917 German foreign min-ister Arthur Zimmermann cabled theGerman ambassador in Mexico instruct-ing him to make an offer to the Mexicangovernment Zimmermann proposedthat Mexico help Germany in the eventthat the United States entered the warTo encourage Mexicorsquos cooperation Ger-many promised that Mexico wouldregain some of the region that it lost tothe United States in 1848 A British offi-cial intercepted Zimmermannrsquos telegramThe telegram read

ldquoOn the first of February we intendto begin submarine warfare unre-stricted In spite of this it is ourintention to endeavor to keep neutralthe United States of America

If this attempt is not successfulwe propose an alliance on the follow-ing basis with Mexico That we shallmake war together and togethermake peace We shall give generousfinancial support and it is under-stood that Mexico is to reconquer thelost territory in New Mexico Texasand Arizona The details are left toyou for settlementhellip

You are instructed to inform thePresident of Mexico of the above inthe greatest confidence as soon as itis certain that there will be an out-break of war with the United Statesand suggest that the President ofMexico on his own initiative shouldcommunicate with Japan suggestingadherence at once to this plan at the

same time offer to mediate betweenGermany and Japan

Please call to the attention of thePresident of Mexico that the employ-ment of ruthless submarine warfarenow promises to compel England tomake peace in a few monthsrdquo

Widely publicized by British and inthe American press the Zimmermanntelegram angered Americans and helpedbuild popular sentiment for the warThen between March 12 and March 19four American merchant ships were sunkwithout warning On April 2 1917 Presi-dent Wilson asked the members of Con-gress to declare war on Germany

mdashadapted from Almost HistoryRoger Bruns copy2000

The British Had Not Intercepted the Zimmermann Note

AJ-674

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1020852

675CHAPTER 23 World War I

On the Brink of WarIn January 1917 Germany reversed its policy

on submarine warfare It announced that itwould sink on sight all merchant vessels armedor unarmed sailing to Allied ports While realiz-ing that their policy might bring the Americansinto the war the Germans believed they coulddefeat the Allies before the United States becameheavily involved An angry President Wilsonbroke off diplomatic relations with Germany

A few weeks later a secret telegrammdashinter-cepted by the British governmentmdashset off a newwave of anti-German feeling In late Februarythe German foreign minister Arthur Zimmer-mann sent a telegram to Mexico with an offer tothe Mexican government

ldquo[W]e shall make war together and togethermake peace [A]nd it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in NewMexico Texas and Arizonardquo

1 Why was the British government eager to inform theUnited States of Germanyrsquos offer to Mexico What didit hope to gain

2 If there were no Zimmermann note do you think theUnited States would have a) entered the war when itdid in April b) entered the war at a later time or c) notbeen drawn into the war at all

Newspapers published the secret Zimmer-mann telegram on March 1 and Americansreacted angrily to the German action

Revolution in RussiaIn the weeks following publication of the

Zimmermann telegram dramatic events pushedthe United States to the brink of war First a rev-olution took place in Russia Following a periodof rioting and strikes the Russian people over-threw the monarchy In its place they establisheda temporary government that promised freeelections

Many Americans believed that the new Russian government which vowed to defeat Germany would help the Allies With Russiarsquoschange to a democratic form of government Wilson could now claim that the Allies werefighting a war of democracy against autocracymdashrule by one person with unlimited power

Other critical events took place at sea InMarch 1917 within a few days time the Ger-mans attacked and sank four American shipsmdashthe Algonquin the City of Memphis the Illinoisand the Vigilancia Thirty-six lives were lost

President Wilson continued to struggle withhis conscience He was convinced that warwould destroy much of the optimism and sym-pathy to human needs that had allowed Amer-ica to make the social progress it had Hiscabinet on the other hand strongly favored warOne government official later explained

ldquoIf we had stayed out of the war and Ger-many had won there would no longer havebeen a balance of power in Europe or a Britishfleet to support the Monroe Doctrine and toprotect Americardquo

President Wilson decided that the UnitedStates could no longer remain neutral

America Enters the WarOn the cold rainy evening of April 2 1917

President Wilson stood before a special sessionof Congress to ask for a declaration of waragainst Germany

AJ-675

null

16248186

1 Key Terms Define propaganda and autocracy

2 Reviewing Facts What did the Zimmermann telegram promise to Mexico

Reviewing Themes3 Government and Democracy What

steps did President Wilson have totake to make an official declarationof war

Critical Thinking4 Determining Cause and Effect

Explain how the war in Europebrought about an economic boom in the United States

5 Sequencing Information Re-createthe diagram below and explain howthese events led the United Statesinto the war

Analyzing Visuals6 Picturing History Examine the sub-

marine on page 673 What was thetop speed of American submarinesWhat was the purpose of the divingrudders

ldquoThe world must be made safe for democracy It is a fearful thing to lead this great peacefulpeople into war into the most terrible and disas-trous of all wars But the right is more pre-cious than peace rdquo

Congress did not agree at once to a formal res-olution of war Some members of Congressagreed with Senator George Norris of NebraskaHe held that Americarsquos involvement in the warwas the fault of American financiers and armsmanufacturers who were determined to profitfrom the war no matter what it cost the rest ofthe country

In the end however most members of Con-gress agreed that if the United States wished toremain a great world power it must defend itsrights As a result Congress passed a declara-tion of war and Wilson signed it on April 6Fifty-six members of the House and Senatevoted against war including RepresentativeJeannette Rankin of Montanamdashthe first womanto serve in Congress

The United States had to raise an armyquickly On May 18 Congress passed the Selec-tive Service Act establishing a military draftUnlike the draft during the Civil War that led toriots this draft had the support of most of theAmerican public

Men aged 21 to 30(later the draft age wasextended from 18 to 45)registered by the mil-lions By the end of thewar some 24 million menhad registered Of thoseabout 3 million werecalled to serve another 2million joined the armed forces voluntarily

In addition thousands of women enlisted inthe armed forcesmdashthe first time they wereallowed to do so Women did noncombat workserving as radio operators clerks and nurses

Many African Americans also wanted toserve their country More than 300000 joined thearmy and navymdashthe marines would not acceptthem African Americans faced discriminationand racism in the armed forces just as they didin civilian life Most held low-level jobs on mili-tary bases in the United States Among the140000 African American soldiers sent toEurope 40000 saw actual combat Many servedwith distinction An African American regimentreceived medals for bravery from the Frenchgovernment One of its members Henry John-son was the first American to receive the FrenchCroix de Guerre [Cross of War] for bravery

Describing What was the purposeof the Selective Service Act


Expository Writing Create head-lines announcing major eventsdescribed in Section 2 Keep inmind that headlines condensemuch information into a few words

Event

Sinking of LusitaniaZimmermann note

HISTORY

Student Web ActivityVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 23mdashStudent Web Activitiesfor an activity on WorldWar I

AJ-676

null

15098686

677

Main IdeaWith the help of American troops and supplies the Allies turned the tideagainst Germany

Key Termsconvoy front armistice

Reading StrategySequencing Information As youread the section re-create the timeline below and identify the events thattook place

Read to Learnbull what was happening in Europe when

the United States entered the warbull what role American troops played

in the fighting

Section ThemeGlobal Connections The entry of theUnited States into the war made animmediate difference eventually lead-ing to Germanyrsquos surrender

Americans Jointhe Allies


June 1917American troops landin France

March 1918Russia withdraws from the war

June 1918American ExpeditionaryForce begins to fight

November 1918Armistice endsWorld War I

Nov1917

June1918

Oct 41918

Nov 111918

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

Drafted into the United States Army in 1917 Alvin York was reluctant to serve ldquoI wasworried clean throughrdquo he said ldquoI didnrsquot want to go and killrdquo York had grown up in themountains of Tennessee where he learned to shoot while hunting wild turkeys Applyinghis sharpshooting skills in World War I York killed 17 German soldiers with 17 shots Healso took 132 Germans prisoner and captured 35 enemy machine guns For his actions and bravery in combat Sergeant York received the Medal of Honor

Supplying the AlliesIn 1917 the Allies desperately needed the help of American soldiers Years of

trench warfare had exhausted the Allied armies and some French troopsrefused to continue fighting after a failed offensive in 1917 The British hadstarted to run out of war supplies and food their people were starving Fur-thermore German submarines were taking a deadly toll on Allied shippingmdashsinking one of every four ships that left British ports

Medal of Honor

AJ-677

null

7465805

The American entry into the war made animmediate difference To ensure that neededsupplies reached Great Britain the United StatesNavy took two steps First it helped the Britishfind and destroy German submarines Then convoysmdashteamsmdashof navy destroyers escortedgroups of merchant ships across the AtlanticThe convoy system worked well In one year itreduced Allied shipping losses from 900000 to300000 tons a month With the convoy systemnot one American soldier bound for Europe waslost to submarine attack

Russian WithdrawalThe Allies needed more troops because of a

second revolution in Russia In November 1917the Bolsheviks a group of communists over-threw the democratic Russian governmentestablished in March 1917

Led by Vladimir Lenin the Bolshevikswanted to end Russiarsquos participation in the warso they could focus their energies and resourceson setting up a new Communist state Lenin tookRussia out of the war in December In March1918 he signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with


N

SE

W

0Lambert AzimuthalEqual-Area projection

0 250 miles

250 kilometers

50degN

40degN

20degW 10degW 10degE 20degE 30degE 40degE0deg60degN

Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

MediterraneanSea

EasternFront

WesternFront

WesternFront

9

1

3

45

6

82 7

May 1915 Germanysinks Lusitania

PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

LUX

BELGIUM

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORWAYSWEDEN

DENMARK

GERMANYRUSSIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

ITALYROMANIA

BULGARIASERBIA

GREECEOTTOMAN

EMPIRE

1 Location What country was the site of most WesternFront battles

2 Location Nearest to what front was the battle of Tannen-berg fought

Europe During World War I 1914ndash1918

Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

33

11 44

55

66

77

88

99

22

Tannenberg Aug 1914

1st Marne Sept 1914

Gallipoli Apr 1915 ndash Jan 1916

Verdun FebndashDec 1916

Somme JulyndashNov 1916

Chateau-Thierry andBelleau Wood June 1918

2nd Marne July 1918

St Mihiel Sept 1918

Meuse-Argonne SeptndashNov 1918

Major Battles

AJ-678

null

73404236


Germany surrendering Poland the Ukraine andother territory to the Germans Russiarsquos with-drawal from the war allowed the Germans tomove hundreds of thousands of troops from theEastern Frontmdashline of battlemdashto the WesternFront in France

New German OffensiveReinforced by the transfer of troops the Ger-

mans now launched a powerful offensiveagainst the Allies German military leadershoped to drive a wedge in the Allied lines and tocapture the city of Amiens before proceeding toParis Between March and June 1918 they ham-mered at Allied lines pushing them back towithin 40 miles (64 km) of Paris After years ofstalemate along the Western Frontmdashthe areaalong the French-German bordermdashit suddenlylooked as if Germany might win the war

American Troops in the WarAlthough the first American soldiers had

reached France in June 1917 many monthspassed before they were ready for battle Whenthey finally began to fight the Americanshelped turn the war around

General John J Pershing led the AmericanExpeditionary Force (AEF) the American troopsin Europe American correspondent Floyd Gib-bons described the tremendous welcome theFrench gave Pershing and his troops in Paris

ldquoThe sooty girders of the Gare du Nord [rail-road station] shook with cheers when the spe-cial train pulled in A minute later there wasa terrific roar from beyond the walls of the sta-tion The crowds outside had heard the cheeringwithin Pershing took Paris by stormrdquo

Life in the trenches was miserable Soldiers lived in dirt and mud for months at a timeBetween the enemy lines lay a ldquono-manrsquos landrdquo of barbed wire and land mines Endlessdays of shelling the enemy might sometimes be interrupted by an attempt to ldquobreak outrdquo of the trenches and advance into enemy territory

AJ-679

null

9983878

680

The AEF reached full strength in Europe inthe spring of 1918 The French and Britishwanted to use the American soldiers to build uptheir own troops but General Pershing refusedHe preferred to keep the AEF a separate force

The American Expeditionary Force saw its firstserious fighting in early June 1918 It helped turnback a German offensive at Chacircteau-Thierry onthe Marne River east of Paris The Americantroops then advanced to nearby Belleau WoodFor 24 hours a day for the next three weeksAmerican forces fought their way through theforest against a solid wall of German machine-gun fire In July the Americans and the Frenchfought back German attacks on Allied forcesalong the Marne and the Somme Rivers

By the middle of July the Allies had stoppedthe German offensive General Pershing wrotethat the battles had ldquoturned the tide of warrdquo TheAllies now began an offensive of their own Inmid-September about 500000 ldquodoughboysrdquomdashthenickname given to American soldiersmdashfightingalone defeated the Germans at Saint Mihiel eastof Verdun Later in the month more than onemillion American troops joined the Allies in theBattle of the Argonne Forest west of Verdun

The Battle of the Argonne Forest raged fornearly seven weeks with soldiers struggling overthe rugged heavily forested ground Rain mudbarbed wire and withering fire from Germanmachine guns hindered the Alliesrsquo advance andmany lives were lost

American lieutenant Elden Betts wondered if he would survive the battle and wrote homemdashin case ldquoI get mine tomorrowrdquo He said he hopedhis family would be proud of him ending withldquoNow good-bye and thank you Pop Edie andMargierdquo Four days later Betts was killed

The Battle of the Argonne Forest ended inearly November when the Allies finally pushedback the Germans and broke through the enemylines The Germans now were faced with aninvasion of their own country

Identifying What was the firstmajor battle to involve Americans

The End of the WarWith their troops in retreat German military

leaders realized they had little chance of win-ning the war The Allied forces were now forti-fied by the Americans In addition the Germanssuffered from severe shortages of food and otheressential supplies

Request for an ArmisticeOn October 4 1918 the German government

appealed to President Wilson for an armisticeAn armistice is an agreement to end the fight-ing Wilson consented under certain conditionsGermany must accept his plan for peace and

In 1915 the Germans introduced anew weaponmdashpoison gas In timeall of the combatants would use gaswarfare Artillery shells containinggas were fired at the enemy andwind carried the gas into trenchescausing blindness choking dam-aged lungs and death

AJ-680

null

16368361

promise not to renew hostilities All Germantroops must leave Belgium and France FinallyWilson would deal only with civilian leadersnot with the military

While German leaders considered Wilsonrsquosdemands political unrest erupted in GermanyOn November 9 the German kaiser oremperor Wilhelm II was forced to give up histhrone Germany became a republic and itsnew leaders quickly agreed to Wilsonrsquos termsfor the armistice

Peace BeginsThe armistice began on November 11 1918

Germany agreed to withdraw all land forceswest of the Rhine River withdraw its fleet tothe Baltic Sea and surrender huge amounts ofequipment

With the signing of the armistice the GreatWar ended President Wilson announced

ldquoEverything for which America fought hasbeen accomplished It will now be our duty toassist by example by sober friendly counseland by material aid in the establishment of justdemocracy throughout the worldrdquo

Describing What conditions didGermany accept to end the fighting

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Write headlines for three

news stories about World War I useeach of the following terms convoyfront armistice

2 Reviewing Facts Who led the Amer-ican forces in Europe

Reviewing Themes3 Global Connections According to

the armistice from where did Germany agree to withdraw its land forces

Critical Thinking4 Predicting Consequences Do you

think the Allies would have won thewar if the United States had notintervened Why or why not

5 Determining Cause and EffectRe-create the diagram below and listthree reasons the Allies needed thehelp of American forces


on page 678 When was the battle atSt Mihiel fought When was the Bat-tle of Gallipoli fought Do you think it was easier for Norway Spain andSweden to remain neutral than it wasfor Switzerland Why

CHAPTER 23 World War I 681

Descriptive Writing Write the textfor a radio broadcast announcingthe arrival of American soldiers inParis in 1917

Armistice Day first observed on November 111919 honored the Allied soldiers who died inWorld War I In 1954 Armistice Day was renamedVeteransrsquo Day in honor of all those living anddead who had served with US armed forces inwartime Similar commemorations take place inCanada on Remembrance Day and the UnitedKingdom on Remembrance Sunday

Honoring the Veterans

Soldiers receive the Distin-guished Service Cross

Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682

OutliningWhy Learn This Skill

To sketch a scene you first draw the rough shapeor outline of the picture Then you fill in this roughshape with details Outlining written material is asimilar process You begin with the rough shape ofthe material and gradually fill in the details

Learning the SkillThere are two kinds of outlinesmdashformal and infor-

mal An informal outline is similar to taking notesYou write only the words and phrases needed toremember main ideas

A formal outline has a standard format In a formaloutline label main heads with Roman numbers sub-heads with capital letters and details with Arabicnumerals and lowercase letters Each level shouldhave at least two entries and should be indentedfrom the level above

When outlining written material first read thematerial to identify the main ideas In textbooks section heads provide clues to main topics Thenidentify the subheads Place supporting details underthe appropriate head

Practicing the SkillStudy the partial outline of Section 3 on this pageThen answer the following questions

1 Is this a formal or an informal outline

2 What are the three main topics

3 If you wanted to add two facts about the AEFwhere would you put them in the outline Wouldyou use numbers or letters to label the facts

Applying the SkillOutlining Following the guidelines above pre-pare an outline for Section 2 of Chapter 23

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder InteractiveWorkbook CD-ROM Level 1 providesinstruction and practice in key social studies skills

Study amp WritingStudy amp Writing

Outline of Chapter 23 Section 3I European Allies need help

A Allied armies are exhausted1 Trench warfare depletes supplies2 Russia leaves war

B Civilians are in trouble1 People are starving2 Supply ships are sunk by Germans

II Americans enter the warA United States Navy patrols seas

1 German U-boats are destroyed2 Convoys protect Allied ships

a Losses are reduced by two-thirds

b No American soldiers are killedB American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

lands in Europe1 Germans lose at Chacircteau-Thierry2 Germans are defeated at Bel-

leau WoodIII Allies take the offensive

A Battle of Argonne Forest is foughtB President Wilson lists conditions

for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683

Main IdeaWorld War I drastically changed life inthe United States

Key Termsmobilization dissent socialistpacifist espionage sabotage

Reading StrategyAnalyzing Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and describe the goals of these agencies

Read to Learnbull what steps the United States took to

organize and prepare for WorldWar I

bull how the war affected Americans

Section ThemeEconomic Factors Americarsquos involve-ment in the war in Europe led to eco-nomic challenges and opportunities at home

The War at Home


July 1917Race riots occur in East St Louis

April 1918National War LaborBoard is set up

June 1918Congress passes Sabotageand Sedition acts

ldquoOver there over thereSend the word send the word

over thereThat the Yanks are coming the Yanks

are comingThe drums rum-tumming evrsquorywhere

So prepare say a prayrsquorSend the word send the word to

bewareWersquoll be over wersquore coming overAnd we wonrsquot come back till itrsquos over

over thererdquo

ldquoOver Thererdquo sheet music

Agency Goals

Food Administration

War Industries Board

Committee on Public Information

George M Cohan wrote this rousing song to help create enthusiasm for Americarsquosparticipation in World War I ldquoOver Thererdquo was performed at rallies to raise money forthe war

Mobilizing the NationAfter declaring war on Germany in 1917 Americans immediately focused their

energies on getting ready to fight a war Mobilizationmdashthe gathering of resourcesand the preparation for warmdashaffected almost every part of American life

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO

The prospect of finding good jobs alsobrought hundreds of thousands of AfricanAmericans to Northern cities from the ruralSouth In addition thousands of Mexicansmigrated to the United States in search of jobs

Paying for the WarWar is costly World War I cost the United

States an enormous amount of moneymdashabout$32 billion Two-thirds of this money wasraised by selling the American people warbonds or Liberty Bonds

The federal government also raised money forthe war by increasing taxes and requiring agreater number of Americans to pay incometaxes It taxed wealthy Americans at rates as highas 70 percent of their income The governmentalso imposed steep taxes on business profits

EconomicsProducing Supplies

The United States had to produce food notonly for its own needs but also for the AlliesPresident Wilson appointed Herbert Hooverwho had helped organize food for war refugeesin Europe to head a new Food AdministrationThis agency launched a campaign to encourageAmerican farmers to produce more and to per-suade the public to eat less The agency urgedpeople to observe ldquoWheatless Mondaysrdquo ldquoMeat-less Tuesdaysrdquo and ldquoPorkless Thursdaysrdquo and toadd to their own store of food by planting ldquovic-tory gardensrdquo Slogans such as ldquoServe JustEnoughrdquo and ldquoUse All Leftoversrdquo remindedAmericans to conserve food

The Food Administration also imposed pricecontrols on various agricultural products toencourage voluntary rationingmdashlimitation ofuse As a result of such efforts Americans con-sumed less food expanded food productionand increased food exports

Another government agency the War Indus-tries Board supervised the nationrsquos industrialproduction The boardrsquos responsibilitiesincluded converting factories to the productionof war-related goods and setting prices for keyconsumer products

$

bull Nationalistic pride

bull Competition for colonies

bull Military buildup

bull Tangled web of alliances

bull Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

bull Destruction in Europe

bull Boom in the American economy

bull Suppression of dissent in US

bull Allied victory

bull Defeated empires lose their colonies

After World War I the United States was established as aworld leader and an economic giant

Analyzing Information How did World War I affect theeconomy of the United States

To ensure production of vital war materialsthe government created the National War LaborBoard in April 1918 The board pressured busi-nesses to grant some of the workersrsquo pressingdemands As a result workers won an eight-hour working day extra pay for overtime equalpay for women and the right to form unions Inreturn workers agreed not to go on strike

Workers During the WarTo meet the need for supplies and weapons

the nationrsquos industries had to expand At thesame time however millions of men left theirjobs in industry to serve in the armed forces andfew European immigrantsmdashwho might havetaken these jobsmdashcame to the United States dur-ing the war

The labor shortage provided new job opportu-nities for women and minorities Many womenjoined the workforce for the first time Womenwere hired for jobs previously held by men

AJ-684

null

1737156


Mobilizing SupportThe federal government also needed to

mobilize public support for the war becauseantiwar sentiment remained strong even afterthe United States entered the war PresidentWilson appointed journalist George Creel tohead the Committee on Public InformationThe mission of the committee was to persuadeAmericans that the war represented a battle fordemocracy and freedom

The Committee on Public Information distrib-uted millions of pro-war pamphlets posters articles and books It provided newspaperswith government accounts of the war and advertisements It arranged for short patriotictalks called Four-Minute Speeches to be pre-sented before plays and movies The committeehired speakers writers artists and actors tobuild support for the war It was the greatestpropaganda campaign the nation had ever seen

Explaining Why did the UnitedStates face a labor shortage during the early days of WorldWar I

Americans and the WarWorld War I provided a boost for the Ameri-

can economy Yet the war had harmful effects onAmerican society as well In the interest ofnational unity the government stifled voices ofdissent or opposition Racial and other tensionsremained and many Americans became intoler-ant of those who were ldquodifferentrdquo

African American MigrationFrom 1914 to 1920 between 300000 and

500000 African Americans left their homes inthe rural South to seek jobs and settle in North-ern cities Known as the Great Migration thistremendous population movement continuedthe northward migration that had begun in thelate 1800s

Many African American workers who trav-eled north did find jobs But their new lives werenot easy Often they lived in tiny crowdedapartments in segregated neighborhoods andthey found that racial prejudice continued tohaunt their lives in the North

The son of Swiss immigrants who settledin Ohio Edward Ricken-backer was the leadingAmerican combat pilot ofWorld War I ldquoCaptainEddierdquo recorded 26 offi-cial victories against Ger-man aircraft during WorldWar I and was awardedthe Medal of Honor

From his youngestdays Rickenbacker wasfascinated by technologyand speed He worked on

automobile engines thenstruck out on his own asa race car driver he wonmany championships andset a world record forspeed driving

When the UnitedStates entered the warRickenbacker volun-teered After less thanthree weeks of traininghe was assigned to the94th Aero Squadron The94th was the first patrolflown in France by an all-

American squadron andwon more victories thanany other squadron

After the war Ricken-backer was associatedwith several automotiveand aviation companiesHe purchased and man-aged the IndianapolisMotor Speedway He alsobuilt Eastern Airlinesinto one of the nationrsquoslargest airlines

AJ-685

null

11812355

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Use each of these terms

in a sentence that will help explain itsmeaning mobilization dissentsocialist pacifist espionage sabotage

2 Reviewing Facts Describe the roleof the Committee on Public Informa-tion

Reviewing Themes3 Economic Factors Where did the

United States get most of the moneyto finance the war


think it was necessary for the govern-ment to take strong measures againstpeople who opposed the warExplain

5 Organizing Information Re-createthe diagram below and describethree ways that Americans supportedthe war effort at home

Analyzing Visuals6 Graphic Organizer Skills Examine

the cause-and-effect chart on page684 What happened to the coloniesof the defeated nations after WorldWar I ended in 1918


Citizenship Suppose that theUnited States was at war todayWrite a law that states who is eligi-ble to be drafted and what to doabout people who refuse to serve

Terrible race riots took place in several Northerncities during the war years One of the worstoccurred in East St Louis Illinois In July 1917 awhite mob attacked an African American neigh-borhood burning houses and firing on residentsas they tried to escape During the riot as many as40 African Americans died and thousands losttheir homes

Controlling Public OpinionEven after America entered the war opposi-

tion to it remained strong Some GermanAmericans and Irish Americans sympathizedwith the Central Powers Many socialistsmdashpeople who believe industries should be pub-licly ownedmdashopposed the war because theythought it would only help rich business own-ers and hurt working people Also against thewar were pacifistsmdashpeople opposed to the useof violence

During the war the Committee on PublicInformation began trying to silence dissent andportrayed people who were against the war asunpatriotic The Espionage Act that Congresspassed in 1917 gave the government a newweapon to combat dissent to the war The lawprovided stiff penalties for espionage or spyingas well as for aiding the enemy or interferingwith army recruiting Congress passed evenharsher measures in 1918mdashthe Sabotage Act and

the Sedition ActThese laws made it a crime to say printor write almost any-thing perceived asnegative about thegovernment Suchacts would be consid-ered sabotagemdashsecretaction to damage thewar effort Thousandsof peoplemdashespeciallyimmigrants socialists pacifists and laboractivistsmdashwere convicted under the laws

People became suspicious of German Ameri-cans A few communities prohibited such activi-ties as performing German music and teachingthe German language in schools As a result someGerman Americans concealed their ancestryThey even gave patriotic namesmdashsuch as ldquolibertycabbagerdquo and ldquoliberty sausagerdquomdashto German-sounding words such as sauerkraut and frankfurter

Some people spoke out against these lawsand the intolerance they produced Most Amer-icans however believed that in wartime nomeasure could be ldquotoo drasticrdquo toward traitorsand disloyal Americans

Identifying What act provided stiffpenalties for spies

Aiding the war effort

AJ-686

null

1392306

Yoursquore a Grand Old FlagGeorge M Cohan (1878ndash1942)As the UnitedStates enteredWorld War Irousing songshelped bolsterthe spirits of soldiers and

civilians alike ComposerGeorge M Cohan was awardedthe Medal of Honor for writingldquoOver Thererdquo the most popularpatriotic song of the war andfor writing ldquoYoursquore a Grand Old Flagrdquo

READ TO DISCOVERAs you read the lyrics for thefollowing song think about itspurpose How might it havehelped the countryrsquos war effortWhat words used by the com-poser are especially patriotic

READERrsquoS DICTIONARYJubilee celebrationemblem symbolauld old

Therersquos a feeling comes a-stealing And it sets my brain a-reeling

When Irsquom listening to the musicof a military band

Any tune like ldquoYankee Doodlerdquo Simply sets me off my noodle

Itrsquos that patriotic something thatno one can understand

ldquoWay down South in the land of cottonrdquo

Melody untiring Ainrsquot that inspiring

Hurrah Hurrah Wersquoll join theJubilee And thatrsquos going some

For the Yankees by gum

Red white and blue I am for you Honest yoursquore a grand old flag

Yoursquore a grand old flag Yoursquore a high flying flag

And forever in peace may you wave

Yoursquore the emblem of The land I love

The home of the free and the brave

Evrsquory heart beats true lsquoneath the Red White and Blue

Where therersquos never a boast or brag

But should auld acquaintance be forgot

Keep your eye on the grand old flag

ANALYZING LITERATURE1 Recall and Interpret What

does the American flag representto Cohan

2 Evaluate and Connect Howdoes Cohan include the South in the song

Interdisciplinary ActivityScience World War I caused a horrifying number of casualtiespartly because of new technologyResearch some medical practicesand equipment used on the battle-field at the time Describe these in a report Photocopy pictures frombooks and encyclopedias to illus-trate your report


AJ-687

null

13066167

1921US signs separate peacetreaty with Central Powers

Main IdeaStrong opposition greeted PresidentWilsonrsquos plans for peace

Key TermsFourteen Points League of Nationsreparations

Reading StrategyAnalyzing Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and identify these individualsand the role each played in the post-war era

Read to Learnbull what principles Woodrow Wilson

proposed as the basis for peacebull why many Americans opposed the

Treaty of Versailles

Section ThemeGlobal Connections The end of thewar brought changes to many parts ofthe world and an attempt to establishworld peace

Searching for Peace


1919Paris Peace Conference beginsTreaty of Versailles is signed

1920Senate rejects the League of Nations

Individual Identity and Role

Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge

1919 1920 1921Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

Peace song honoring Wilson

ldquoWe want Wilsonrdquo the war-weary crowd roared ldquoLong live Dr Wilsonrdquo British stu-dents with American flags smiled tossing flowers in the Presidentrsquos path Everywhere inEurope the Wilsons visitedmdashParis Rome Milanmdashthe reception was jubilant Boostedby the cheers of the European crowds Wilson walked into the Paris Peace Conferenceat the Palace of Versailles with confidence He was sure that his plan for a just and last-ing peace would win swift approval both in Europe and in America

After the WarIn January 1919 world leaders from 27 nations gathered in Paris France for

the peace conference following World War I President Woodrow Wilson led theAmerican delegation When Wilson arrived in the city enormous crowdscheered him Well-wishers threw flowers in his path and unfurled banners thatread ldquoLong Live Wilsonrdquo With great hope Europeans looked to Wilson to helpbuild a better postwar world Yet enormous problems lay ahead

AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million

Central Powers23 million

Total Mobilized ForcesAllies

51 million

Central PowersCentral Powers34 million34 million


Military Deaths


Europe lay in ruins Much of its landscapewas devastated its farms and towns destroyedThe human losses were terrible France RussiaGermany and Austria-Hungary each lostbetween one and two million people in thefighting Millions more were wounded Morethan 50000 Americans were killed in battlewhile another 60000 soldiers died from diseaseEstimates for the whole war placed the numberof soldiers killed worldwide at nearly 9 millionMillions of civilians also lost their lives

Europe also faced social and political tur-moil Millions of people found themselveshomeless and hungry Civil war raged in Rus-sia Poles Czechs and other peoples struggledto form independent nations out of the col-lapsed empires of Turkey Russia and Austria-Hungary These problems complicated thesearch for peace and stability

Wilsonrsquos Fourteen PointsWoodrow Wilson had a vision of a just and

lasting peace Wilson outlined his peace plan in aproposal known as the Fourteen Points Severalof the points concerned the adjustment of bound-aries in Europe and the creation of new nationsThese points reflected Wilsonrsquos belief inldquonational self-determinationrdquomdashthe right of thepeople to decide how they should be governed

Wilson also proposed a number of principlesfor conducting international relations Theseincluded calls for free trade freedom of the seasan end to secret treaties or agreements reduc-tions and limits on arms and the peaceful set-tlement of disputes over colonies (See page 993 of

the Appendix for an excerpt of Wilsonrsquos Fourteen Points)

League of NationsWilsonrsquos final point concerned the creation of a

League of Nations The Leaguersquos member nationswould help preserve peace and prevent futurewars by pledging to respect and protect oneanotherrsquos territory and political independence

Wilsonrsquos Fourteen Points reflected his strongfaith in the ability of governments to resolvetheir problems fairly At first many Europeanswelcomed Wilsonrsquos ideas Then problems arosewhen the plan interfered with the competing

interests of the individual nations Also some ofWilsonrsquos points were vague They did not pro-pose concrete solutions to difficult questionsmdashsuch as how to achieve self-determination inregions where many different ethnic groupslived closely together

Explaining What is ldquonational self-determinationrdquo

The Peace Conference The victorious Allies dominated the talks at

the Paris Peace Conference The Allies did notinvite either Germany or Russiamdashnow ruled bythe Bolsheviksmdashto participate The major fig-ures in the negotiations were the Big FourmdashPresident Wilson Prime Minister David LloydGeorge of Great Britain Premier GeorgesClemenceau of France and Prime Minister Vit-torio Orlando of Italy

The Allies DisagreeWilson faced a difficult task Although Euro-

peans cheered him their leaders showed littleenthusiasm for the Fourteen Points

While Wilson opposed punishing thedefeated nations the European Allies soughtrevenge Clemenceau wanted to make sure thatGermany which had invaded France twice in

Analyzing Information Which side hadthe larger fighting force More casualties

AJ-689

null

19383186

Britain and the United Statessupported anti-Bolshevik forcesfighting for control of RussiaAll three countries sent troopsto Russia

The Treaty of VersaillesOn June 28 1919 after

months of difficult negotiationsthe Allies and Germany signed atreaty at the Palace of Versaillesoutside of Paris The harshterms of the treaty shocked theGermans In defeat howeverthey had no choice but to sign

Under the terms of theTreaty of Versailles Germanyhad to accept full responsibilityfor the war and to pay billionsof dollars in reparations to theAllies Germany also had todisarm completely and give upall its overseas colonies andsome territory in Europe

The treaty carved up theAustro-Hungarian and RussianEmpires to create new nationsor restore old ones The emer-gence of these nations fulfilledpart of Wilsonrsquos vision ofldquonational self-determinationrdquo

Many of the borders of the new countries weredisputed however and this led to future conflicts

Though disappointed by the rejection ofmuch of his Fourteen Points Wilson succeededin having the League of Nations included in thetreaty He believed that the League would cor-rect any mistakes in the rest of the treaty

Explaining What provisions aboutreparations were included in the Treaty of Versailles

Opposition at HomeWilson presented the Treaty of Versailles to

the United States Senate for ratification in July1919 ldquoDare we reject it and break the heart ofthe worldrdquo he asked In spite of his plea a dif-ficult struggle lay ahead

N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0

Azimuthal Equidistant projection

20degW 10degW 0deg 10degE 20degE 30degE 40degE 50degE

40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO

MOROCCOALGERIA TUNISIA

LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA


1 Region What new nations bordered on Germany2 Analyzing Information Which new nations did not

have any coastline along a sea or ocean

his lifetime could never invade his countryagain He believed that Germany should be bro-ken up into smaller countries Both he andLloyd George demanded that Germany makelarge reparations or payments for the damageGermans caused in the war Although Wilsonstruggled to uphold the principles of his Four-teen Points at the Paris meeting he was forcedagain and again to compromise or give in to thedemands of the other Allies

At the same time the Allies had to decide howto deal with the new Bolshevik government ofRussia Fearing the spread of communism France

New Nations

Europe After World War I

AJ-690

null

13505061

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Write a short article

about the plans for peace after WorldWar I use each of these key termsFourteen Points League ofNations reparations

2 Reviewing Facts What nations werecreated or restored through theTreaty of Versailles

Reviewing Themes3 Global Connections How did Presi-

dent Wilson think the League ofNations would help maintain worldpeace

Critical Thinking4 Analyzing Information Some Amer-

icans thought the Treaty of Versailleswas too hard on Germany Whatterms would you have proposed forGermany

5 Organizing Information Re-createthe diagram below and describe theprovisions of the treaty ending WorldWar I


on page 690 showing European bor-ders following World War I Which of the following was not a newnationmdashPoland Latvia or BulgariaWas Portugal a new nation


Many Americans had doubts about the treatySome thought the treaty dealt too harshly withGermany A great many Americans worriedabout participation in the League of Nationswhich marked a permanent American commit-ment to international affairs

In 1919 the Republicans controlled the Senatewhich had to ratify the treaty Some Republicansenators saw the ratification issue as a chance toembarrass President Wilson a Democrat and toweaken the Democratic Party before the upcom-ing elections of 1920 Other senators had sincereconcerns about the treaty particularly theLeague of Nations A few senators opposedsigning any treaty

The most powerful opponent of the treaty wasHenry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts head ofthe Senate Foreign Relations Committee Lodgea longtime foe of President Wilson claimed thatmembership in the League would mean that

ldquoAmerican troops and American ships may be ordered to any part of the world by nationsother than the United States and that is a propo-sition to which I for one can never assentrdquo

Lodge delayed a vote on the treaty so thatopponents could present their cases He thenproposed a number of reservations that wouldlimit Americarsquos obligations under the treaty

In September Wilson went on a nationalspeaking tour to rally support for the treaty andthe League of Nations On September 25 Wilsoncollapsed The rest of his tour was canceledBack in Washington Wilson suffered a strokethat left him partially paralyzed During thepresidentrsquos illness his wife Edith Wilson triedto shield him from the pressures of responsibil-ity and took a leading role in deciding whichissues were important enough to raise with him

The Treaty Is RejectedIn the months following Wilsonrsquos stroke

opposition to the treaty grew In March 1920when the Senate voted on the treaty withLodgersquos changes Wilson ordered loyal Demo-crats to vote against it

Opposed by most Republicans and desertedby former supporters the Treaty of Versaillesmdashalong with the League of Nationsmdashwas rejectedin the Senate Wilson hoped the 1920 electionwould be a ldquogreat and solemn referendumrdquo onthe League He even considered running for athird term In the end however Wilson did notrun In 1921 the United States signed a separatepeace treaty with each of the Central Powersand it never joined the League of Nations

Explaining How did the Senatevote on the treaty

Treaty of Versailles Geography Compare the map ofEurope after World War I to a mapof Europe today Make a list of thesignificant border changes thathave occurred since that time

AJ-691

null

14649336

Reviewing Key TermsExamine the pairs of words below Then write a sentence explaining what each of the pairs has in common1 nationalism militarism2 mobilization convoy3 Fourteen Points League of Nations4 espionage sabotage

Reviewing Key Facts5 Why did European nations form alliances6 Why did the Zimmermann telegram push the United

States toward war7 What was the Sussex Pledge8 Who won the presidency in the election of 19169 How did Russiarsquos withdrawal affect World War I

10 In what ways did the war help improve conditions forAmerican workers

11 Who were the leaders at the Paris Peace Conference12 What was Henry Cabot Lodgersquos greatest concern

about the League of Nations

Critical Thinking13 Science and Technology What advantages did air-

planes provide in the war14 Government and Democracy How did President

Wilson use Russiarsquos revolution in March of 1917 togain support for the war

15 Analyzing Information What four nations dominatedthe Paris Peace Conference

16 Determining Cause and Effect Re-create the diagrambelow and explain the causes of the labor shortage inthe United States during the war

Practicing Skills17 Outlining On a separate sheet of paper prepare an

outline of Section 5 of the text

World War I

Labor shortage

1914bull Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated

bull Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

bull Germany declares war on Russia andFrance

bull Germany invades Belgium

bull Great Britain joins Allies

bull Allies turn back German forces at Marne

1915bull Poison gas used for first time in battle

bull Submarine warfare begins

bull President Wilson declares he will keep Americaout of war

bull Lusitania is sunk

1916bull French suffer heavy losses at Battle

of Verdun

bull President Wilson calls for Germany to stop submarine warfare

1917bull US severs diplomatic relations with Germany

bull US declares war on Germany in April

bull First American troops reach France in June

1918bull General Pershing leads the American Expeditionary

Force in Europe

bull Allies turn back Central Powers at Chacircteau-Thierry

bull US troops drive Germans out of Belleau Wood

bull Allies defeat German forces at Second Battle of Marne

1919bull Treaty of Versailles signed officially ending the

Great War

Self-Check QuizVisit The American Journey Web site at tajglencoecom and click on Chapter XXmdashSelf-Check Quizzes to prepare for the chapter test

HISTORY


Directions Choose the bestanswer to the following question

The United States did not enter World War I until1917 Which of the following was the most impor-tant factor in convincing the American public to support the war

A German submarine attacks against Americanmerchant ships

B Continued loss of troops and land by the Russian army

C Failure of the British and French to defeat Germany

D The threat of a German invasion

Test-Taking Tip

This question asks you to remember a fact aboutWorld War I Since most Americans favored apolicy of isolation answer C is not a strongenough reason to change public opinion

Standardized Test Practice

Geography and History ActivityStudy the map below then answer the questions that follow

18 Location About how far from Paris was the Battle ofAmiens

19 Movement In which direction did Allied forces moveafter the battle of Ypres

20 Location In what country were the battles of Amiens and Verdun fought

Technology Activity21 Using the Internet Search the Internet to find out more

details about the time of the ldquoGreat WarrdquomdashWorld War IUse the information you find to create a chart titledldquoWorld War ImdashA Closer Lookrdquo Focus on causes of thewar methods of warfare and the outcome of the war forvarious countries Include numbers of casualties and costsof rebuilding

Citizenship Cooperative Activity22 Drawing Conclusions With a partner research primary

and secondary sources about the Espionage Act of 1917Write a one-page paper to answer these questions Arerestrictive laws necessary during wartime Why or whynot Share your paper with your classmates

Economics Activity23 What effects does war have on a nationrsquos economy

Describe at least one positive and one negative effect

Alternative Assessment 24 Expository Writing Write a paragraph to explain why the

League of Nations was so important to President Wilson

Self-Check QuizVisit at tajglencoecom and click on Chapter 23mdashSelf-Check Quizzes to prepare for the chapter test

HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun

Argonne ForestRheims

Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW

50 kilometers0Albers Conic Equal-Area projection

50 miles0

Farthest Germanadvance 1914

Allied offensive1918

Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory

The Western Front 1914ndash1918

694

How did you learn about the latest exciting national or inter-

national event You probably heard or read about it in the mass

mediamdashnewspapers magazines radio and television Through-

out history the media have played a major part in shaping the

opinions of Americans about national and international events

Imagine you are a news reporter Create a newspaper that

reports the events of World War I to the American public

The Way It Was

Today almost every American receives information from the

mass media The media did not always grab the publicrsquos atten-

tion so easily though Before the late 1800s newspapers simply

reported the news In the late 1800s however newspapers

started using sensational headlines When many Americans

picked up their papers and read ldquoLUSITANIA SUNK BY A SUB-

MARINE PROBABLY 1260 DEADrdquo they felt angry Many

called for revenge and war against the aggressor which many

newspapers claimed was Germany Eventually this outrage led

to Americarsquos involvement in World War I Throughout the war

while American soldiers fought with the Allies in Europe

their friends and family eagerly scanned the newspapers to

learn what was happening on the war front Americans

relied on the newspapers to keep them up to date on the lat-

est happenings Now create a special edition newspaper to

inform Americans of an event or battle of World War I

Creating a Special-Edition Newspaper

On November 7 1918

Americans read in the

newspapers that

World War I had

ended Instantly peo-

ple poured into the

streets to celebrate

However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were

wrong The war really

ended three days later

paper and pen or pencil access to library

andor Internetresources

newspapers or maga-zines

tape or paste a typewriter or PC

(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695

1 As a group use your textbook or othersources to research and decide whatevent situation or person(s) will be thefocus of your special-edition World War Inewspaper

2 As a group assign the following roles togroup members historian journalistillustratorcartographer and biographer

3 Individually complete the research thatrelates to the role you have beenassigned Keep in mind that newspaperreporters focus on answering the ldquofiveWrdquo questions when researching their stories Who was involved What hap-pened When it happened Where ithappened and Why it happened

4 After you complete your research writeone feature story from the viewpoint ofyour role (Remember to include the fiveWrsquos) Donrsquot forget to include a headlinethat will catch readersrsquo attention

5 Provide one another with constructiveadvice and revise the stories as needed

6 Combine your final articles into a groupnewspaper Work together to choose thebest layout for the newspaper Togetherdecide if the special-edition newspaper iscomplete Is it missing some graphicsWould it look better with a cartoon orphotograph Are some of the stories toolong or too short Revise your newspaperif needed

7 Distribute your special-edition newspaperto the class

After you have organized into groups of threeor four follow the directions below Decideupon specific tasks for each member

1 What is the subject of your special-editionnewspaper Why did your group select thistopic

2 How did working with a group help you cre-ate a better newspaper How might yournewspaper be different if you had worked onit alone

3 Analyzing Information What advice wouldyou give to a younger student who wants tobecome a newspaper reporter

Turn one of the feature stories in yournewspaper into a late-breaking radiobroadcast Before writing your broadcast

consider how an audio story would be different from a writtenstory Read your broadcast to the class

AJ-695

null

1383946

The American JourneymdashIllinois Edition

Illinois Learning Standards for Social Science

How Does The American Journey Help Me Learn the Standards

How Does The American Journey Help Me Test My Knowledge of Social Science

The Illinois Constitution A Summary

Table of Contents

Previewing Your Textbook

Scavenger Hunt

How Do I Study History

The Structure of Illinois Government

Constitution Test Practice

Reading Skills Handbook

Identifying Words and Building Vocabulary

Reading for a Reason

Understanding What You Read

Thinking About Your Reading

Understanding Text Structure

Reading for Research

National Geographic Reference Atlas

United States Political

United States Physical

United States Territorial Growth

North America Physical

North America Political

Middle East PhysicalPolitical

World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography

How Do I Study Geography

How Do I Use Maps

How Does Geography Influence History

Geographic Dictionary

Be an Active Reader

Unit 1 Different Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1625

Chapter 1 The First Americans Prehistory to 1492

Section 1 Early Peoples

Section 2 Cities and Empires

Section 3 North American Peoples

Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 2 Exploring the Americas 1400ndash1625

Section 1 A Changing World

Section 2 Early Exploration

Section 3 Spain in America

Section 4 Exploring North America


Unit 2 Colonial Settlement 1587ndash1770

Chapter 3 Colonial America 1587ndash1770

Section 1 Early English Settlements

Section 2 New England Colonies

Section 3 Middle Colonies

Section 4 Southern Colonies


Chapter 4 The Colonies Grow 1607ndash1770

Section 1 Life in the Colonies

Section 2 Government Religion and Culture

Section 3 France and Britain Clash

Section 4 The French and Indian War


Unit 3 Creating a Nation 1763ndash1791

Chapter 5 Road to Independence 1763ndash1776

Section 1 Taxation Without Representation

Section 2 Building Colonial Unity

Section 3 A Call to Arms

Section 4 Moving Toward Independence

The Declaration of Independence


Chapter 6 The American Revolution 1776ndash1783

Section 1 The Early Years

Section 2 The War Continues

Section 3 The War Moves West and South

Section 4 The War Is Won


Chapter 7 A More Perfect Union 1777ndash1790

Section 1 The Articles of Confederation

Section 2 Convention and Compromise

Section 3 A New Plan of Government


Civics in Action A Citizenship Handbook

Section 1 The Constitution

Section 2 The Federal Government

Section 3 Citizens Rights and Responsibilities

Handbook Assessment

The Constitution of the United States

Unit 4 The New Republic 1789ndash1825

Chapter 8 A New Nation 1789ndash1800

Section 1 The First President

Section 2 Early Challenges

Section 3 The First Political Parties


Chapter 9 The Jefferson Era 1800ndash1816

Section 1 The Republicans Take Power

Section 2 The Louisiana Purchase

Section 3 A Time of Conflict

Section 4 The War of 1812


Chapter 10 Growth and Expansion 1790ndash1825

Section 1 Economic Growth

Section 2 Westward Bound

Section 3 Unity and Sectionalism


Unit 5 The Growing Nation 1820ndash1860

Chapter 11 The Jackson Era 1824ndash1845

Section 1 Jacksonian Democracy

Section 2 Conflicts Over Land

Section 3 Jackson and the Bank


Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny 1818ndash1853

Section 1 The Oregon Country

Section 2 Independence for Texas

Section 3 War with Mexico

Section 4 New Settlers in California and Utah


Chapter 13 North and South 1820ndash1860

Section 1 The Norths Economy

Section 2 The Norths People

Section 3 Southern Cotton Kingdom

Section 4 The Souths People


Chapter 14 The Age of Reform 1820ndash1860

Section 1 Social Reform

Section 2 The Abolitionists

Section 3 The Womens Movement


Unit 6 Civil War and Reconstruction 1846ndash1896

Chapter 15 Road to Civil War 1820ndash1861

Section 1 Slavery and the West

Section 2 A Nation Dividing

Section 3 Challenges to Slavery

Section 4 Secession and War


Chapter 16 The Civil War 1861ndash1865

Section 1 The Two Sides

Section 2 Early Years of the War

Section 3 A Call for Freedom

Section 4 Life During the Civil War

Section 5 The Way to Victory


Chapter 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath 1865ndash1896

Section 1 Reconstruction Plans

Section 2 Radicals in Control

Section 3 The South During Reconstruction

Section 4 Change in the South


Unit 7 Reshaping the Nation 1858ndash1914

Chapter 18 The Western Frontier 1858ndash1896

Section 1 The Mining Booms

Section 2 Ranchers and Farmers

Section 3 Native American Struggles

Section 4 Farmers in Protest


Chapter 19 The Growth of Industry 1865ndash1914

Section 1 Railroads Lead the Way

Section 2 Inventions

Section 3 An Age of Big Business

Section 4 Industrial Workers


Chapter 20 Toward an Urban America 1865ndash1914

Section 1 The New Immigrants

Section 2 Moving to the City

Section 3 A Changing Culture


Unit 8 Reform Expansion and War 1865ndash1920

Chapter 21 Progressive Reforms 1877ndash1920

Section 1 The Progressive Movement

Section 2 Women and Progressives

Section 3 Progressive Presidents

Section 4 Excluded from Reform


Chapter 22 Overseas Expansion 1865ndash1917

Section 1 Expanding Horizons

Section 2 Imperialism in the Pacific

Section 3 Spanish-American War

Section 4 Latin American Policies


Chapter 23 World War I 1914ndash1919

Section 1 War in Europe

Section 2 Americas Road to War

Section 3 Americans Join the Allies

Section 4 The War at Home

Section 5 Searching for Peace


Unit 9 Turbulent Decades 1919ndash1945

Chapter 24 The Jazz Age 1919ndash1929

Section 1 Time of Turmoil

Section 2 Desire for Normalcy

Section 3 A Booming Economy

Section 4 The Roaring Twenties


Chapter 25 The Depression and FDR 1929ndash1941

Section 1 The Great Depression

Section 2 Roosevelts New Deal

Section 3 Life During the Depression

Section 4 Effects of the New Deal


Chapter 26 World War II 1939ndash1945

Section 1 Road to War

Section 2 War Begins

Section 3 On the Home Front

Section 4 War in Europe and Africa

Section 5 War in the Pacific


Unit 10 Turning Points 1945ndash1975

Chapter 27 The Cold War Era 1945ndash1954

Section 1 Cold War Origins

Section 2 Postwar Politics

Section 3 The Korean War

Section 4 The Red Scare


Chapter 28 America in the 1950s 1953ndash1960

Section 1 Eisenhower in the White House

Section 2 1950s Prosperity

Section 3 Problems in a Time of Plenty


Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Era 1954ndash1973

Section 1 The Civil Rights Movement

Section 2 Kennedy and Johnson

Section 3 The Struggle Continues

Section 4 Other Groups Seek Rights


Chapter 30 The Vietnam Era 1960ndash1975

Section 1 Kennedys Foreign Policy

Section 2 War in Vietnam

Section 3 The Vietnam Years at Home

Section 4 Nixon and Vietnam


Unit 11 Modern America 1968ndashPresent

Chapter 31 Search for Stability 1968ndash1981

Section 1 Nixons Foreign Policy

Section 2 Nixon and Watergate

Section 3 The Carter Presidency


Chapter 32 New Challenges 1981ndashPresent

Section 1 The Reagan Presidency

Section 2 The Bush Presidency

Section 3 A New Century

Section 4 The War on Terrorism


Appendix

What Is an Appendix and How Do I Use One

Primary Sources Library

Presidents of the United States

Documents of American History

Supreme Court Case Summaries

Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index

Acknowledgements and Photo Credits

Feature Contents


Documents of Americas Heritage

More Abouthellip

What Life Was Likehellip

National Geographic Geography amp History

Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints

Technology and History

Linking Past amp Present

What Ifhellip

Hands-On History Lab Activity

TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History

Fact Fiction Folklore

Primary Source Quotes

Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks

Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Activity Workbook - Student Edition

Local history activities

Activity 1 The First Americans

Activity 2 Exploring the Americas

Activity 3 Colonial America

Activity 4 The Colonies Grow

Activity 5 Road to Independence

Activity 6 The American Revolution

Activity 7 A More Perfect Union

Activity 8 A New Nation

Activity 9 The Jefferson Era

Activity 10 Growth and Expansion

Activity 11 The Jackson Era

Activity 12 Manifest Destiny

Activity 13 North and South

Activity 14 The Age of Reform

Activity 15 Road to Civil War

Activity 16 The Civil War

Activity 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath

Activity 18 The Western Frontier

Activity 19 The Growth of Industry

Activity 20 Toward an Urban America

Activity 21 Progressive Reforms

Activity 22 Overseas Expansion

Activity 23 World War I

Activity 24 The Jazz Age

Activity 25 The Depression and FDR

Activity 26 World War II

Activity 27 The Cold War Era

Activity 28 America in the 1950s

Activity 29 The Civil Rights Era

Activity 30 The Vietnam Era

Activity 31 Search for Stability

Activity 32 New Challenges

Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition

Capiacutetulo 1 Los primeros habitantes de las Ameacutericas Prehistoria a 1492

Guiacutea de estudio 1-1 Los primeros pueblos

Guiacutea de estudio 1-2 Ciudades e imperios

Guiacutea de estudio 1-3 Pueblos norteamericanos

Capiacutetulo 2 La exploracioacuten de las Ameacutericas 1400ndash1625

Guiacutea de estudio 2-1 Un mundo cambiante

Guiacutea de estudio 2-2 Primeras exploraciones

Guiacutea de estudio 2-3 Espantildea en Ameacuterica

Guiacutea de estudio 2-4 Exploracioacuten de Norteameacuterica

Capiacutetulo 3 La Ameacuterica colonial 1587ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 3-1 Primeros asentamientos ingleses

Guiacutea de estudio 3-2 Colonias de Nueva Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 3-3 Colonias del Centro

Guiacutea de estudio 3-4 Colonias del Sur

Capiacutetulo 4 El desarollo de las colonias 1607ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 4-1 La vida en las colonias

Guiacutea de estudio 4-2 Gobierno religioacuten y cultura

Guiacutea de estudio 4-3 Choque entre Francia e Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 4-4 La guerra francesa e india

Capiacutetulo 5 El camino de la Independencia 1763ndash1776

Guiacutea de estudio 5-1 Impuestos sin representacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 5-2 Formacioacuten de la unidad colonial

Guiacutea de estudio 5-3 Un llamado a las armas

Guiacutea de estudio 5-4 Avanzar hacia la independencia

Capiacutetulo 6 La Guerra de Independencia 1776ndash1783

Guiacutea de estudio 6-1 Los primeros antildeos

Guiacutea de estudio 6-2 La guerra continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 6-3 La guerra se mueve hacia el Oeste y el Sur

Guiacutea de estudio 6-4 La guerra se gana

Capiacutetulo 7 Una unioacuten maacutes perfecta 1777ndash1790

Guiacutea de estudio 7-1 Los artiacuteculos de la Confederacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 7-2 Convencioacuten y compromiso

Guiacutea de estudio 7-3 Un nuevo plan de gobierno

Capiacutetulo 8 Una nueva Nacioacuten 1879ndash1800

Guiacutea de estudio 8-1 El primer presidente

Guiacutea de estudio 8-2 Primeros retos

Guiacutea de estudio 8-3 Los primeros partidos poliacuteticos

Capiacutetulo 9 La era de Jefferson 1800ndash1816

Guiacutea de estudio 9-1 Los republicanos toman el poder

Guiacutea de estudio 9-2 La compra de Louisiana

Guiacutea de estudio 9-3 Una eacutepoca de conflicto

Guiacutea de estudio 9-4 La guerra de 1812

Capiacutetulo 10 Crecimiento y expansioacuten 1790ndash1825

Guiacutea de estudio 10-1 Crecimiento econoacutemico

Guiacutea de estudio 10-2 Rumbo al Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 10-3 Unidad y seccionalismo

Capiacutetulo 11 La era Jackson 1824ndash1845

Guiacutea de estudio 11-1 Democracia jacksoniana

Guiacutea de estudio 11-2 Conflictos por la tierra

Guiacutea de estudio 11-3 Jackson y el banco

Capiacutetulo 12 Destino manifiesto 1818ndash1853

Guiacutea de estudio 12-1 El paiacutes de Oregoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 12-2 Independencia para Texas

Guiacutea de estudio 12-3 Guerra con Meacutexico

Guiacutea de estudio 12-4 Nuevos colonos en California y Utah

Capiacutetulo 13 El Norte y el Sur 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 13-1 La economiacutea del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-2 La gente del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-3 El reino surentildeo del algodoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 13-4 La gente del Sur

Capiacutetulo 14 La era de la reforma 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 14-1 Reforma social

Guiacutea de estudio 14-2 Los abolicionistas

Guiacutea de estudio 14-3 El movimiento femenino

Capiacutetulo 15 Caminono a la Guerra Civil 1820ndash1861

Guiacutea de estudio 15-1 La esclavitud y el Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 15-2 Una nacioacuten dividida

Guiacutea de estudio 15-3 Retos para la esclavitud

Guiacutea de estudio 15-4 Secesioacuten y guerra


Guiacutea de estudio 16-1 Los dos bandos

Guiacutea de estudio 16-2 Los primeros antildeos de la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 16-3 Un llamado a la libertad

Guiacutea de estudio 16-4 La vida durante la guerra civil

Guiacutea de estudio 16-5 El camino a la victoria

Capiacutetulo 17 La reconstruccioacuten y sus consecuencias 1865ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 17-1 Planes de reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-2 Los radicales toman el control

Guiacutea de estudio 17-3 El Sur durante la reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-4 Cambio en el Sur

Capiacutetulo 18 La frontera occidental 1858ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 18-1 El auge de la mineriacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 18-2 Rancheros y agricultores

Guiacutea de estudio 18-3 Luchas de los nativos americanos

Guiacutea de estudio 18-4 Protesta de los agricultores

Capiacutetulo 19 El crecimiento de la industria 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 19-1 Los ferrocarriles ensentildean el camino

Guiacutea de estudio 19-2 Inventos

Guiacutea de estudio 19-3 Una era de grandes negocios

Guiacutea de estudio 19-4 Trabajadores industriales

Capiacutetulo 20 Hacia una Ameacuterica urbana 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 20-1 Los nuevos inmigrantes

Guiacutea de estudio 20-2 Mudarse a la ciudad

Guiacutea de estudio 20-3 Una cultura cambiante

Capiacutetulo 21 Reformas progresistas 1877ndash1920

Guiacutea de estudio 21-1 El movimiento progresista

Guiacutea de estudio 21-2 Las mujeres y los progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-3 Los presidentes progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-4 Los excluidos de la reforma

Capiacutetulo 22 Expansioacuten extranjera 1865ndash1917

Guiacutea de estudio 22-1 Expansioacuten de horizontes

Guiacutea de estudio 22-2 Imperialismo en el Paciacutefico

Guiacutea de estudio 22-3 Guerra hispana-estadounidense

Guiacutea de estudio 22-4 Poliacuteticas latinoamericanas

Capiacutetulo 23 La Primera Guerra Mundial 1914ndash1919

Guiacutea de estudio 23-1 Guerra en Europa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-2 El camino de Estados Unidos hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 23-3 Los estadounidenses se unen a los aliados

Guiacutea de estudio 23-4 La guerra en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-5 En busca de la paz

Capiacutetulo 24 La eacutepoca del jazz 1919ndash1929

Guiacutea de estudio 24-1 Tiempo de caos

Guiacutea de estudio 24-2 Deseo de normalidad

Guiacutea de estudio 24-3 Un auge de la economiacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 24-4 Los clamorosos antildeos veinte

Capiacutetulo 25 La Depresioacuten y FDR 1929ndash1941

Guiacutea de estudio 25-1 La Gran Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-2 El Nuevo Trato de Roosevelt

Guiacutea de estudio 25-3 La vida durante la Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-4 Efectos del Nuevo Trato

Capiacutetulo 26 La Segunda Guerra Mundial 1939ndash1945

Guiacutea de estudio 26-1 El camino hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 26-2 La guerra empieza

Guiacutea de estudio 26-3 En el frente nacional

Guiacutea de estudio 26-4 Guerra en Europa y Aacutefrica

Guiacutea de estudio 26-5 Guerra en el Paciacutefico

Capiacutetulo 27 La Guerra Friacutea 1945ndash1954

Guiacutea de estudio 27-1 Oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-2 Poliacutetica de posguerra

Guiacutea de estudio 27-3 La Guerra de Corea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-4 La amenaza roja

Capiacutetulo 28 Estados Unidos en la deacutecada de 1950 1953ndash1960

Guiacutea de estudio 28-1 Eisenhower en la Casa Blanca

Guiacutea de estudio 28-2 Prosperidad en los antildeos cincuenta

Guiacutea de estudio 28-3 Problemas en tiempos de abundancia

Capiacutetulo 29 La era de los derechos civiles 1954ndash1973

Guiacutea de estudio 29-1 El movimiento de los derechos civiles

Guiacutea de estudio 29-2 Kennedy y Johnson

Guiacutea de estudio 29-3 La lucha continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 29-4 Otros grupos buscan derechos

Capiacutetulo 30 La era de Vietnam 1960ndash1975

Guiacutea de estudio 30-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Kennedy

Guiacutea de estudio 30-2 Guerra en Vietnam

Guiacutea de estudio 30-3 Los antildeos de Vietnam en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 30-4 Nixon y Vietnam

Capiacutetulo 31 En busca de estabilidad 1968ndash1981

UnGuiacutea de estudio 31-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Nixontitled

Guiacutea de estudio 31-2 Nixon y Watergate

Guiacutea de estudio 31-3 La presidencia de Carter

Capiacutetulo 32 Nuevos retos 1981ndashPresente

Guiacutea de estudio 32-1 La presidencia de Reagan

Guiacutea de estudio 32-2 La presidencia de Bush

Guiacutea de estudio 32-3 Un nuevo siglo

Guiacutea de estudio 32-4 La guerra contra el terrorismo

Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition

Objectives Addressed in the Activities

Workbook Overview

Preparing for a Standardized Test

Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order

Activity 2 Interpreting Charts and Tables

Activity 3 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data

Activity 4 Using the Scale of Distance on a Map

Activity 5 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact

Activity 6 Descriptive Writing About a Visual

Activity 7 Comparing and Contrasting

Activity 8 Making Inferences

Activity 9 Drawing Conclusions

Activity 10 Interpreting Diagrams

Activity 11 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships

Activity 12 Outlining Information for Writing

Activity 13 Classifying Facts and Details

Activity 14 Recognizing Point of View

Activity 15 Detecting Bias

Activity 16 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions

Activity 17 Identifying the Main Idea

Activity 18 Predicting Outcomes

Activity 19 Analyzing a Political Cartoon

Activity 20 Analyzing Statistics

Activity 21 Persuasive Writing About an Issue

Activity 22 Interpreting Primary Sources

Activity 23 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda

Activity 24 Forming Hypotheses

Activity 25 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence

Activity 26 Making Decisions

Activity 27 Writing a News Story

Activity 28 Interpreting Graphs

Activity 29 Making Generalizations

Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience

Activity 31 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem

Activity 32 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials

Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document

Search - Full available on OS X and Windows in Reader 601

Page Navigator

Exit

665

1920bull Senate rejects League

of Nations

1918bull World War I ends

bull Flu epidemic kills more than 20 million worldwide

1919bull Treaty of Versailles signed

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 23mdashChapter Overviews to pre-view chapter information

To the Front World War I combined traditional means of warfare suchas the cavalry with modern means such as the tank and the airplane


1918 1920

1918bull National War Labor

Board is set up

1914 1915 1917 1919 War1916 1918 Post-

Step 1 Fold two sheets of paper in half from topto bottom

Time Line Study Foldable Time lines are usedto list important dates in chronological order Usethis foldable to sequence key events of World War I

Reading and Writing As you read the chapterrecord key events that occurred during each yearof World War I

Step 2 Turn the papers and cut each in half

Step 3 Fold the four pieces in half from topto bottom

Step 4 Tape the ends of the pieces together(overlapping the edges very slightly) to make anaccordion time line and label it as shown

Cut alongfold lines

Piecesof tape

666













in Europe


War in Europe

Causes of WWI

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1914 1915 1916

Jeannette Rankin

AJ-666

null

8238989

667





















AJ-667

null

22591336






44

11

77

55

99 66

88

33

22

500 kilometers

500 miles0


N

S

EW

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

20degW


40degN

50degN

30degW 60degN

70degN

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

CaspianSea

AralSea

Baltic

Sea

GERMANY

SWEDEN

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO

MOROCCO

ALGERIA TUNISIA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

MONTE-NEGRO

SERBIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

RUSSIA

ROMANIA


CYPRUS

GREECE

BULGARIA

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX


GreatBritain

Sarajevo




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations










11

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

99



AJ-668

null

94771286















AJ-669

null

18651686




















Militarism


AJ-670

null

115929375

671







in the war











Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1914 1916 1918

Magazine cover 1914

AJ-671

null

7178473






History









AJ-672

null

13677486













4

673



Periscope

Deck gun

Engine room

Control room

Crewrsquos quarters

1


AJ-673

null

106630264


















AJ-674

null

1020852


















AJ-675

null

16248186




















Event


HISTORY


AJ-676

null

15098686

677






in the fighting








Nov1917

June1918

Oct 41918

Nov 111918

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919




Medal of Honor

AJ-677

null

7465805






N

SE

W


0 250 miles

250 kilometers

50degN

40degN


Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

MediterraneanSea

EasternFront

WesternFront

WesternFront

9

1

3

45

6

82 7


PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

LUX

BELGIUM

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORWAYSWEDEN

DENMARK

GERMANYRUSSIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

ITALYROMANIA

BULGARIASERBIA

GREECEOTTOMAN

EMPIRE




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

33

11 44

55

66

77

88

99

22

Tannenberg Aug 1914

1st Marne Sept 1914





2nd Marne July 1918

St Mihiel Sept 1918


Major Battles

AJ-678

null

73404236










AJ-679

null

9983878

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

666













in Europe


War in Europe

Causes of WWI

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1914 1915 1916

Jeannette Rankin

AJ-666

null

8238989

667





















AJ-667

null

22591336






44

11

77

55

99 66

88

33

22

500 kilometers

500 miles0


N

S

EW

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

20degW


40degN

50degN

30degW 60degN

70degN

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

CaspianSea

AralSea

Baltic

Sea

GERMANY

SWEDEN

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO

MOROCCO

ALGERIA TUNISIA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

MONTE-NEGRO

SERBIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

RUSSIA

ROMANIA


CYPRUS

GREECE

BULGARIA

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX


GreatBritain

Sarajevo




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations










11

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

99



AJ-668

null

94771286















AJ-669

null

18651686




















Militarism


AJ-670

null

115929375

671







in the war











Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1914 1916 1918

Magazine cover 1914

AJ-671

null

7178473






History









AJ-672

null

13677486













4

673



Periscope

Deck gun

Engine room

Control room

Crewrsquos quarters

1


AJ-673

null

106630264


















AJ-674

null

1020852


















AJ-675

null

16248186




















Event


HISTORY


AJ-676

null

15098686

677






in the fighting








Nov1917

June1918

Oct 41918

Nov 111918

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919




Medal of Honor

AJ-677

null

7465805






N

SE

W


0 250 miles

250 kilometers

50degN

40degN


Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

MediterraneanSea

EasternFront

WesternFront

WesternFront

9

1

3

45

6

82 7


PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

LUX

BELGIUM

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORWAYSWEDEN

DENMARK

GERMANYRUSSIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

ITALYROMANIA

BULGARIASERBIA

GREECEOTTOMAN

EMPIRE




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

33

11 44

55

66

77

88

99

22

Tannenberg Aug 1914

1st Marne Sept 1914





2nd Marne July 1918

St Mihiel Sept 1918


Major Battles

AJ-678

null

73404236










AJ-679

null

9983878

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

667





















AJ-667

null

22591336






44

11

77

55

99 66

88

33

22

500 kilometers

500 miles0


N

S

EW

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

20degW


40degN

50degN

30degW 60degN

70degN

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

CaspianSea

AralSea

Baltic

Sea

GERMANY

SWEDEN

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO

MOROCCO

ALGERIA TUNISIA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

MONTE-NEGRO

SERBIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

RUSSIA

ROMANIA


CYPRUS

GREECE

BULGARIA

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX


GreatBritain

Sarajevo




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations










11

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

99



AJ-668

null

94771286















AJ-669

null

18651686




















Militarism


AJ-670

null

115929375

671







in the war











Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1914 1916 1918

Magazine cover 1914

AJ-671

null

7178473






History









AJ-672

null

13677486













4

673



Periscope

Deck gun

Engine room

Control room

Crewrsquos quarters

1


AJ-673

null

106630264


















AJ-674

null

1020852


















AJ-675

null

16248186




















Event


HISTORY


AJ-676

null

15098686

677






in the fighting








Nov1917

June1918

Oct 41918

Nov 111918

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919




Medal of Honor

AJ-677

null

7465805






N

SE

W


0 250 miles

250 kilometers

50degN

40degN


Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

MediterraneanSea

EasternFront

WesternFront

WesternFront

9

1

3

45

6

82 7


PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

LUX

BELGIUM

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORWAYSWEDEN

DENMARK

GERMANYRUSSIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

ITALYROMANIA

BULGARIASERBIA

GREECEOTTOMAN

EMPIRE




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

33

11 44

55

66

77

88

99

22

Tannenberg Aug 1914

1st Marne Sept 1914





2nd Marne July 1918

St Mihiel Sept 1918


Major Battles

AJ-678

null

73404236










AJ-679

null

9983878

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit






44

11

77

55

99 66

88

33

22

500 kilometers

500 miles0


N

S

EW

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

20degW


40degN

50degN

30degW 60degN

70degN

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

CaspianSea

AralSea

Baltic

Sea

GERMANY

SWEDEN

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO

MOROCCO

ALGERIA TUNISIA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

MONTE-NEGRO

SERBIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

RUSSIA

ROMANIA


CYPRUS

GREECE

BULGARIA

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX


GreatBritain

Sarajevo




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations










11

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

99



AJ-668

null

94771286















AJ-669

null

18651686




















Militarism


AJ-670

null

115929375

671







in the war











Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1914 1916 1918

Magazine cover 1914

AJ-671

null

7178473






History









AJ-672

null

13677486













4

673



Periscope

Deck gun

Engine room

Control room

Crewrsquos quarters

1


AJ-673

null

106630264


















AJ-674

null

1020852


















AJ-675

null

16248186




















Event


HISTORY


AJ-676

null

15098686

677






in the fighting








Nov1917

June1918

Oct 41918

Nov 111918

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919




Medal of Honor

AJ-677

null

7465805






N

SE

W


0 250 miles

250 kilometers

50degN

40degN


Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

MediterraneanSea

EasternFront

WesternFront

WesternFront

9

1

3

45

6

82 7


PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

LUX

BELGIUM

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORWAYSWEDEN

DENMARK

GERMANYRUSSIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

ITALYROMANIA

BULGARIASERBIA

GREECEOTTOMAN

EMPIRE




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

33

11 44

55

66

77

88

99

22

Tannenberg Aug 1914

1st Marne Sept 1914





2nd Marne July 1918

St Mihiel Sept 1918


Major Battles

AJ-678

null

73404236










AJ-679

null

9983878

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit















AJ-669

null

18651686




















Militarism


AJ-670

null

115929375

671







in the war











Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1914 1916 1918

Magazine cover 1914

AJ-671

null

7178473






History









AJ-672

null

13677486













4

673



Periscope

Deck gun

Engine room

Control room

Crewrsquos quarters

1


AJ-673

null

106630264


















AJ-674

null

1020852


















AJ-675

null

16248186




















Event


HISTORY


AJ-676

null

15098686

677






in the fighting








Nov1917

June1918

Oct 41918

Nov 111918

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919




Medal of Honor

AJ-677

null

7465805






N

SE

W


0 250 miles

250 kilometers

50degN

40degN


Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

MediterraneanSea

EasternFront

WesternFront

WesternFront

9

1

3

45

6

82 7


PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

LUX

BELGIUM

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORWAYSWEDEN

DENMARK

GERMANYRUSSIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

ITALYROMANIA

BULGARIASERBIA

GREECEOTTOMAN

EMPIRE




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

33

11 44

55

66

77

88

99

22

Tannenberg Aug 1914

1st Marne Sept 1914





2nd Marne July 1918

St Mihiel Sept 1918


Major Battles

AJ-678

null

73404236










AJ-679

null

9983878

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit




















Militarism


AJ-670

null

115929375

671







in the war











Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1914 1916 1918

Magazine cover 1914

AJ-671

null

7178473






History









AJ-672

null

13677486













4

673



Periscope

Deck gun

Engine room

Control room

Crewrsquos quarters

1


AJ-673

null

106630264


















AJ-674

null

1020852


















AJ-675

null

16248186




















Event


HISTORY


AJ-676

null

15098686

677






in the fighting








Nov1917

June1918

Oct 41918

Nov 111918

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919




Medal of Honor

AJ-677

null

7465805






N

SE

W


0 250 miles

250 kilometers

50degN

40degN


Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

MediterraneanSea

EasternFront

WesternFront

WesternFront

9

1

3

45

6

82 7


PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

LUX

BELGIUM

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORWAYSWEDEN

DENMARK

GERMANYRUSSIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

ITALYROMANIA

BULGARIASERBIA

GREECEOTTOMAN

EMPIRE




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

33

11 44

55

66

77

88

99

22

Tannenberg Aug 1914

1st Marne Sept 1914





2nd Marne July 1918

St Mihiel Sept 1918


Major Battles

AJ-678

null

73404236










AJ-679

null

9983878

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

671







in the war











Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1914 1916 1918

Magazine cover 1914

AJ-671

null

7178473






History









AJ-672

null

13677486













4

673



Periscope

Deck gun

Engine room

Control room

Crewrsquos quarters

1


AJ-673

null

106630264


















AJ-674

null

1020852


















AJ-675

null

16248186




















Event


HISTORY


AJ-676

null

15098686

677






in the fighting








Nov1917

June1918

Oct 41918

Nov 111918

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919




Medal of Honor

AJ-677

null

7465805






N

SE

W


0 250 miles

250 kilometers

50degN

40degN


Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

MediterraneanSea

EasternFront

WesternFront

WesternFront

9

1

3

45

6

82 7


PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

LUX

BELGIUM

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORWAYSWEDEN

DENMARK

GERMANYRUSSIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

ITALYROMANIA

BULGARIASERBIA

GREECEOTTOMAN

EMPIRE




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

33

11 44

55

66

77

88

99

22

Tannenberg Aug 1914

1st Marne Sept 1914





2nd Marne July 1918

St Mihiel Sept 1918


Major Battles

AJ-678

null

73404236










AJ-679

null

9983878

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit






History









AJ-672

null

13677486













4

673



Periscope

Deck gun

Engine room

Control room

Crewrsquos quarters

1


AJ-673

null

106630264


















AJ-674

null

1020852


















AJ-675

null

16248186




















Event


HISTORY


AJ-676

null

15098686

677






in the fighting








Nov1917

June1918

Oct 41918

Nov 111918

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919




Medal of Honor

AJ-677

null

7465805






N

SE

W


0 250 miles

250 kilometers

50degN

40degN


Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

MediterraneanSea

EasternFront

WesternFront

WesternFront

9

1

3

45

6

82 7


PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

LUX

BELGIUM

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORWAYSWEDEN

DENMARK

GERMANYRUSSIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

ITALYROMANIA

BULGARIASERBIA

GREECEOTTOMAN

EMPIRE




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

33

11 44

55

66

77

88

99

22

Tannenberg Aug 1914

1st Marne Sept 1914





2nd Marne July 1918

St Mihiel Sept 1918


Major Battles

AJ-678

null

73404236










AJ-679

null

9983878

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit













4

673



Periscope

Deck gun

Engine room

Control room

Crewrsquos quarters

1


AJ-673

null

106630264


















AJ-674

null

1020852


















AJ-675

null

16248186




















Event


HISTORY


AJ-676

null

15098686

677






in the fighting








Nov1917

June1918

Oct 41918

Nov 111918

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919




Medal of Honor

AJ-677

null

7465805






N

SE

W


0 250 miles

250 kilometers

50degN

40degN


Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

MediterraneanSea

EasternFront

WesternFront

WesternFront

9

1

3

45

6

82 7


PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

LUX

BELGIUM

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORWAYSWEDEN

DENMARK

GERMANYRUSSIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

ITALYROMANIA

BULGARIASERBIA

GREECEOTTOMAN

EMPIRE




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

33

11 44

55

66

77

88

99

22

Tannenberg Aug 1914

1st Marne Sept 1914





2nd Marne July 1918

St Mihiel Sept 1918


Major Battles

AJ-678

null

73404236










AJ-679

null

9983878

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


















AJ-674

null

1020852


















AJ-675

null

16248186




















Event


HISTORY


AJ-676

null

15098686

677






in the fighting








Nov1917

June1918

Oct 41918

Nov 111918

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919




Medal of Honor

AJ-677

null

7465805






N

SE

W


0 250 miles

250 kilometers

50degN

40degN


Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

MediterraneanSea

EasternFront

WesternFront

WesternFront

9

1

3

45

6

82 7


PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

LUX

BELGIUM

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORWAYSWEDEN

DENMARK

GERMANYRUSSIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

ITALYROMANIA

BULGARIASERBIA

GREECEOTTOMAN

EMPIRE




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

33

11 44

55

66

77

88

99

22

Tannenberg Aug 1914

1st Marne Sept 1914





2nd Marne July 1918

St Mihiel Sept 1918


Major Battles

AJ-678

null

73404236










AJ-679

null

9983878

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


















AJ-675

null

16248186




















Event


HISTORY


AJ-676

null

15098686

677






in the fighting








Nov1917

June1918

Oct 41918

Nov 111918

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919




Medal of Honor

AJ-677

null

7465805






N

SE

W


0 250 miles

250 kilometers

50degN

40degN


Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

MediterraneanSea

EasternFront

WesternFront

WesternFront

9

1

3

45

6

82 7


PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

LUX

BELGIUM

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORWAYSWEDEN

DENMARK

GERMANYRUSSIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

ITALYROMANIA

BULGARIASERBIA

GREECEOTTOMAN

EMPIRE




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

33

11 44

55

66

77

88

99

22

Tannenberg Aug 1914

1st Marne Sept 1914





2nd Marne July 1918

St Mihiel Sept 1918


Major Battles

AJ-678

null

73404236










AJ-679

null

9983878

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit




















Event


HISTORY


AJ-676

null

15098686

677






in the fighting








Nov1917

June1918

Oct 41918

Nov 111918

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919




Medal of Honor

AJ-677

null

7465805






N

SE

W


0 250 miles

250 kilometers

50degN

40degN


Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

MediterraneanSea

EasternFront

WesternFront

WesternFront

9

1

3

45

6

82 7


PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

LUX

BELGIUM

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORWAYSWEDEN

DENMARK

GERMANYRUSSIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

ITALYROMANIA

BULGARIASERBIA

GREECEOTTOMAN

EMPIRE




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

33

11 44

55

66

77

88

99

22

Tannenberg Aug 1914

1st Marne Sept 1914





2nd Marne July 1918

St Mihiel Sept 1918


Major Battles

AJ-678

null

73404236










AJ-679

null

9983878

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

677






in the fighting








Nov1917

June1918

Oct 41918

Nov 111918

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919




Medal of Honor

AJ-677

null

7465805






N

SE

W


0 250 miles

250 kilometers

50degN

40degN


Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

MediterraneanSea

EasternFront

WesternFront

WesternFront

9

1

3

45

6

82 7


PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

LUX

BELGIUM

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORWAYSWEDEN

DENMARK

GERMANYRUSSIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

ITALYROMANIA

BULGARIASERBIA

GREECEOTTOMAN

EMPIRE




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

33

11 44

55

66

77

88

99

22

Tannenberg Aug 1914

1st Marne Sept 1914





2nd Marne July 1918

St Mihiel Sept 1918


Major Battles

AJ-678

null

73404236










AJ-679

null

9983878

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit






N

SE

W


0 250 miles

250 kilometers

50degN

40degN


Atlantic

Ocean

NorthSea

BalticSea

BlackSea

MediterraneanSea

EasternFront

WesternFront

WesternFront

9

1

3

45

6

82 7


PORTUGALSPAIN

FRANCE

LUX

BELGIUM

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORWAYSWEDEN

DENMARK

GERMANYRUSSIA

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY

ITALYROMANIA

BULGARIASERBIA

GREECEOTTOMAN

EMPIRE




Allies

Central Powers

Neutral nations

33

11 44

55

66

77

88

99

22

Tannenberg Aug 1914

1st Marne Sept 1914





2nd Marne July 1918

St Mihiel Sept 1918


Major Battles

AJ-678

null

73404236










AJ-679

null

9983878

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit










AJ-679

null

9983878

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

680













AJ-680

null

16368361























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit























Allied needs

AJ-681

null

7481477

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

682
























for armistice


AJ-682

null

9722667

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

683








The War at Home










over thererdquo


Agency Goals

Food Administration






Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1917 1918 1919

AJ-683

null

62955605


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


title FPO









$









bull Allied victory








AJ-684

null

1737156

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

















AJ-685

null

11812355






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit






















AJ-686

null

1392306



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit



























AJ-687

null

13066167









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit









Searching for Peace





Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

Henry Cabot Lodge


Guide to Reading





AJ-688

null

7612083

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Allies42 million



51 million



Military Deaths



















AJ-689

null

19383186











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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Exit











N

SE

W

300 kilometers

300 miles0

0



40degN

50degN

30degW40degW

60degN

70degN

AR

CTIC

CIRCLE

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

NorthSea

BlackSea

Bal t i c

Sea

GERMANY

FRANCE

SPAIN

ITALY

PORTUGAL

SPANISHMOROCCO


LIBYA

SWITZ

ALBANIA

YUGOSLAVIA

AUSTRIA

GER

POLAND

RUSSIA

ROMANIA

TURKEYGREECE

BULGARIA

HUNGARY

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

FINLANDSWEDEN

DENMARK

NORWAY

ICELAND

NETH

BELG

LUX

UNITEDKINGDOM

CZECHOSLOVAKIA






New Nations


AJ-690

null

13505061























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit























AJ-691

null

14649336














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit














World War I

Labor shortage












of Verdun






Force in Europe





Great War


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


HISTORY








Test-Taking Tip
















HISTORY

48degN

4degE

Verdun


Chˆateau-Thierry

BelleauWood

Somme

Amiens

Ypres

Marne R

Somme R

NorthSea

NETH

BELGIUM

GERMANY

LUX

FRANCE

Paris

N

S

EW


50 miles0



Armistice line1918

Indecisive battle

Allied victory


694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

694








The Way It Was


















On November 7 1918


newspapers that

World War I had


ple poured into the


However in Europe

fighting continued

The newspapers were







(optional)

AJ-694

null

12204171

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

695














AJ-695

null

1383946






Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

(US History) World War I

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Transcript of (US History) World War I

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