Fuel Cell Technologies OfficeU.S. Department of Energy

U.S. Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Overview: Status and Next Steps London, UK

December 1, 2016

Dr. Sunita Satyapal

Director

U.S. Department of EnergyFuel Cell Technologies Office

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 2

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Portable Transportation Stationary

Market Growth in Fuel Cell Sales

More than 60,000 Fuel Cells Shipped in 2015

Fuel Cell Systems Shipped Worldwide by Application

Source: Navigant Research (2008-2013) & E4tech (2014-2015)

300 MW

Capacity shipped

2X the capacity

in 2014

in 2015

Approximately

shipped

Consistent 30% annual

growth

since 2010

Just Released: 2016 Market Report

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 3

0

4

8

12

16

20

Tho

usa

nd

s

Demonstration DeploymentResearch & Development

Fuel Cell System Cost*

1. 2. 3.

$106/kW in 2007

$53/kW in 2015 at high volume*

*$280/kW low volume

Fuel Cells

• Cut cost in half since 2007

• 5X less platinum

• 4X increase in durability

LIFT TRUCKS

LIFT

TRUCKS~1,600 units

~18,000 units

WITH DOEFUNDING

(COST SHARE

DEPLOYMENTS)

W/O DOEFUNDING

(ADDITIONAL

PURCHASES)

>11X additional purchases

BU

POWER

BU: Back Up Power

BU POWER

Supporting Deployment

Collaboration to address H2 Infrastructure Barriers

Forklifts, back-up power, airport cargo trucks, parcel delivery vans, marine APUs, buses, mobile lighting, refuse trucks

>220 FCEVs, >30 stations, >6M miles traveled

World’s first tri-gen station

H2 technology station in Washington D.C.

FCEV: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

DOE Activities Span from R&D to Deployment

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 4

Henry Ford’s Quadricycle in 1896 to

Model T in 1908

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 5DOE Cost Targets and Status

Fuel Cell System H2 Production, Delivery & Dispensing

Onboard H2 Storage (700-bar compressed system)

$40/kW <$4/gge $10/kWh2020 Targets High-Volume Projection Low-Volume Estimate

$53/kW

$230/kW+

$16/ggeto

$13/gge

$15/kWh

$33/kWh

Key Challenges- Examples

• PGM loading• Catalyst and membrane durability• Electrode performance and

durability

• Efficiency and Reliability

• Feedstock and Capital Costs

• Compression, Storage and Dispensing (CSD) Costs

• Carbon fiber precursors and conversion

• Composite/resin materials

• BOP and assembly costs

$59/kW100K/yr

500K/yr

500K/yr

$17/kWh100K/yr

$7.5*/ggeto

$5**/gge

*Based on Electrolysis ** Based on NG SMR + Based on 2016 Program Cost Record (preliminary)

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 6Fuel Cell Buses Enabling Market Development

• Fuel cell cost reduction

• Robust supply base

• Emerging infrastructure

• Customer acceptance

Early Markets enable:

Early Markets Applications Recently Deployed in the U.S.

Fuel Cell Tow Trucks Fuel Cell Bus Fleets Backup PowerForklifts Fuel Cell Bus Fleets

Market Penetration

FCEV

Co

st R

ed

uct

ion

En

able

rs

Space Applications

Specialty Vehicles

Backup Power Systems

Primary Power

Portable Power

APUs for Transportation

Buses and Fleets

Wide-CommercializedFCEV

Buses and Fleets

FCBs = Fuel Cell Buses

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 7Examples of Fuel Cell Bus Progress in the U.S.

Reliability and durability demonstrated in fuel cell electric buses

AC Transit Fuel Cell Electric Bus

AC TRANSIT FLEET RECORDS

FTA Funding and Collaboration with DOE- NREL Data collection

Largestin North America

Record Durability:

23,000 hours

Driven for approximately

1.8M miles

More than15 millionpassengers

As of November, 2016

More than

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 8Current and Planned Fuel Cell Buses in the U.S.

MA

CaliforniaCurrent: 19 BusesOakland (13), Thousand Palms (4), Orange County (1), Irvine (1).

Michigan

Current: 2 Buses

Flint

Current: 1 BusBoston

Massachusetts

Current: 2 BusesColumbus, Canton

Planned: 8 BusesCanton

Ohio

Hawaii: Planned: 2 Buses (Hilo)

Planned: More than 30 BusesOakland (1), Thousand Palms (12), Oakland and Santa Ana (20).

Source: 2016 NREL Bus Report

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 9U.S. Electric and Hybrid Bus Progress

U.S. Zero Emission Transit Bus Operators

Source: US Department of Transportation (as of July 2016)

Electric and Hybrid Buses as a % of U.S. Bus Fleet

From1% in2005 to 18% in 2014

Total Number of Electric and Hybrid Buses

5X increase from 2007 to 2014

Electric Bus Price

20% reduction from 2010 to 2015

Source: US Department of Transportation (as of July 2015)

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 10Fuel Cell Bus 2015-2016 Status vs Targets

2016 Targets+

Power Plant Lifetime (hours)

Availability (%)

Fuel Fills (per day)

Roadcall Frequency (miles between roadcalls)

Maintenance Cost ($/mile)

Range (miles)

Fuel Economy (miles per diesel gallon equivalent)

Cost ($)

Lifetime (years/mile)

Operation Time (hours per day/ days per week)

18,000

85

1 (<10 min)

1M

3,500 mi. (bus)

15,000 mi. (FC)

.75

300

8

12/500,000

20/7

+ DOE-DOT Bus Targets

Current Status**

2,300–23,000

40–92

7–21/ 5–7

2,500–7,400 (bus)

7,900–143,800 (FC)

0.46–2.06

214–344

5.56–7.71

2.5M – 1.8M

0.8–6/ 22,700–155,000

1

**2016 NREL Bus Report

Metrics

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 11Gasoline History: Many diverse optionsCans, barrels, home models, mobile refuelers

Source: Milkues, 1978

Source: M. Melaina 2008.

Source: Vieyra, 1979

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 12

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970

Reta

il G

as

olin

e O

utl

ets

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Reg

iste

red

Ve

hic

les

(1

00

0s

)

Ga

so

lin

e C

on

su

mp

tio

n (

mil

lio

n g

all

on

s)

Census Stations

Interpolations

Gasoline Outlets

Registered Vehicles

Gasoline Consumed

Dispersed Methods

Drive-in Stations

Service Stations

Self-Service

Stations

Curb Pumps

Refueling Methods Evolved Over Time

History shows phased introduction of different refueling methods

Source: Turn of the Century Refueling: A Review of Innovations in Early Gasoline Refueling Methods and Analogies for Hydrogen (Melaina 2007)

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 13

49%

21%

16%

3%

U.S. Hydrogen Infrastructure

60 H2

Stations

*Includes current (21), future (38) and retired (2) stations

Delivered Compressed Steam Methane Reforming

On-Site Electrolysis

Delivered Liquid SMR

On-Site SMR

OtherDelivered PipelineDelivered Liquid By-ProductDelivered Compressed By-ProductOn-Site Tri-GenMobile FuelerTrailers

• California : 25 retail stations now, 100 planned

• U.S. Northeast : 12 to 25 stations planned

• Approx. 10M metric tons of H2 produced annually

• 1,600 miles of H2 pipeline already in place

A variety of H2 stations demonstrated to date:

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 14Technology Data, Models and Resources Available

Example: Sources of H2

Infrastructure Maintenance

Data Validation of Real World Applications through the NREL’s NFCTEC

Models “Toolbox” Online

• Financial, technical and economic models covering H2 infrastructure, jobs, and more.

• Visit: energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-analysis-toolbox Most maintenance related to

compressors and dispensers

• Data products provide insights on technology improvements, issues and gaps

NFCTEC: The National Fuel Cell Technology Evaluation Center

To Participate

techval@nrel.gov

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 15H2@Scale Concept

Source: DOE, NREL, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Program

Services all energy sectors AND improvesEnergy Security and Domestic Economy

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 16Solar Sources: Opportunity for Renewable H2

Resource analysis underway

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 17Biomass Resources: Opportunity for Renewable H2

Bio-feedstock reforming is a near term option

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 18Wind Resources: Opportunity for Renewable H2

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 19H2Tools: One-stop for H2 safety knowledge

Enabling dissemination of safety information around the world

• Includes resources on safety best practices, first responder training, and H2

codes & standards

• 36,000 code officials and first responders trained

• Tracked downloads from Europe and Japan• Resource translated in Japanese• 50% of visits are international!

h2tools.org

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 20

Celebrate National

Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Day on 10/8 (Held on its very own atomic- weight-

day)

What can you do? Spread the Word

Learn more: energy.gov/eere/fuelcells

Fuel Cell Technologies Office | 21

Thank YouDr. Sunita Satyapal

Director

Fuel Cell Technologies Office

Sunita.Satyapal@ee.doe.gov

hydrogenandfuelcells.energy.gov