FINAL WORK PLAK FOR PILOT SCALE DEMONSTRATION

FORtREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS

AT THE ASHTABULA RIVER AREA OF CONCERN

by

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYBuffalo District, Corps of Engineers

1776 Niagara Street, Buffalo, New York 14207-3199

March 1992

Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyGreat Lakes National Program Office

Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments ProgramChicago, Illinois 60604-1592

WORK PLAN FOR PILOT SCALE DEMONSTRATION

FOR

REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTSAT T*E ASHTAB0LA RIVER AREA OF CONCERN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paragraph Description

1 Purpose 1

2 Description of Ashtabula River Area of Concern 2

3 Sediment Quality 3

4 Selection of Demonstration Technologies 3

5 Description of Proposed Demonstration 45.1 Sample Location 45.2 Sample Removal and Transport 45.3 Demonstration Site and Preparation 45.4 Pretreatment 65.5 Low Temperature Thermal Desorption Treatment 65.6 Residuals Management 75.7 Monitoring 7

6 Description of Required Activities 86.1 Introduction 86.2 Management and Oversight 86.2.1 Management and Coordination 86.2.2 Budget and Schedule 86.2.3 Contract Management 86.2.4 Legal and Real Estate 96.3 Public Relations 96.4 Sampling and Analysis Plan 106.5 Health and Safety Plan 116.6 Regulatory Requirements 116.7 Site Preparation & Demonstration Support 126.8 Monitoring 126.9 Removal and Transport 126.10 Thermal Desorption Demonstration 126.11 Residuals Management 136.12 Report Preparation 13

Number

1

WORK PLAN FOR PILOT SCALE DEMONSTRATION

FOR

REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTSAT* THE ASHTAB0LA RIVER AREA OF CONCERN

TABLES

Title

Maximum Concentration of-Metals and Organics atTen Ashtabula River Sediment Sample Sites(January 1990)

Cost Estimate for Conducting Pilot ScaleDemonstration

Number

1

2

3

4

5

6

FIGURES

Title

Ashtabula River Watershed

Ashtabula River Area of Concern

Ashtabula River Sediment Sampling Locations -March 1991

Location of Pilot Scale Demonstration

Flow Diagram for Low Temperature Thermal Desorption

CPM for Pilot Scale Demonstration

11

WORK PLAN FOR PILOT SCALE DEMONSTRATION

FOR

REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTSAT THE ASHTABULA RIVER AREA OF CONCERN

1. Purpose

The high concentration of past industrial discharges to theAshtabula River hefs polluted the river and its sediments. As aresult, the river exhibits environmental degradation and somebeneficial uses of water and biota are impaired. The 1987amendments to the Clean Hater Act, Section 118 (c) (3), authorizethe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Great LakesNational Program Office (GLNPO) to conduct a 5-year study anddemonstration project on the control and removal of toxicpollutants in the Great Lakes, with emphasis on the removal oftoxic pollutants from bottom sediments*. Five areas, includingthe Ashtabula River Area of Concern (AOC), were specified in theClean Water Act as requiring priority consideration forconducting demonstration projects. GLNPO initiated theAssessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (ARCS)program to assess the nature and extent of bottom sedimentcontamination at selected Great Lakes AOCs, evaluate anddemonstrate remedial options, and provide guidance on theassessment of contaminated sediment problems and the selectionand implementation of necessary remedial actions in the AOCs andother locations in the Great Lakes.

The Ashtabula River Remedial Action Committee was establishedin response to Annex 2 of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreementand a recommendation of the International Joint Commission. Thecommittee has prepared a Remedial Action Plan (RAP) with the goalof restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, andbiological integrity of the Ashtabula River ecosystem inaccordance with the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. Thispilot demonstration work plan will be reviewed by the OhioEnvironmental Protection Agency and the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency Region V RAP coordinators. These RAPcoordinators will continue to have input throughout the pilotscale demonstration project.

The purpose of this report is to identify activities thatmust be completed in order for a pilot scale demonstration totake place at the Ashtabula River Area of Concern. In addition,this report will identify the time requirements of theseactivities, present a logic diagram (CPM) and a project budgetfor the demonstration and make recommendations on whatagency/organization should be responsible for each activity.This report will be used in planning for the pilot scaledemonstration at the Ashtabula River Area of Concern.

2. Description of the Ashtabula River Area of Concern

The Ashtabula River basin is located in northeast Ohio(Figure 1). The Ashtabula River enters Lake Erie at the city ofAshtabula, which is approximately 55 miles east of Cleveland,Ohio and 40 miles vest of Erie, Pennsylvania. The AshtabulaRiver extends about 18 miles from the river mouth to theconfluence of the East and West Branches, which are each about 12miles long. The East Branch originates in extreme westernPennsylvania and flows northwest, and the West Branch begins inAshtabula County and flows north. The Ashtabula River has adrainage area of about 136 square miles, and an average flow of151 cfs in the vicinity of the city of Ashtabula (U.S. Departmentof the Interior, 1980). Major tributaries to the Ashtabula Riverinclude Fields Brook, East Branch, Hubbard Run, Ashtabula Creek,and Strong Brook.

The existing Ashtabula Federal navigation project "consists oftwo converging breakwaters protecting an outer harbor area inLake Erie having an area of about 185 acres and an interiorharbor of about 10,500 square feet. The Federal channel in theriver begins at the mouth and extends 1,550 feet upstream of theupper turning basin.

The Ashtabula drainage basin is located on the glaciated LakePlain section of the central lowlands province. The topographyof the basin is characterized by rolling hills with deep andnarrow valleys. From an elevation of 1,033 feet above sea levelin Richmond Township near the headwaters, the stream falls at anaverage slope of 11.6 feet per mile to an elevation of 573 feetabove sea level at Lake Erie. The low water datum (LWD) for LakeErie is 568.6 feet above mean sea level at Father Point, Quebec(IGLD, 1955).

Discharges in the river basin have polluted the sedimentwithin the Ashtabula River Area of Concern (AOC) (Figure 2). Theprimary source of these pollutants appear to be past industrialdischarges to Fields Brook, a tributary which joins the AshtabulaRiver in the vicinity of the upper turning basin. Dischargers toFields Brook have significantly improved the quality of theireffluents, but the sediments have become so contaminated that thebrook is classified as hazardous and its clean-up is beingaddressed under the Superfund program. Fish and wildlife habitatin the AOC have been degraded by alterations to the riverincluding modification to the shoreline such as bulkheading.

Other potential sources of pollution to the Ashtabula Riverinclude landfills and other point and non-point sources.Eighteen industries and one municipal wastewater treatment plantdischarge to the Area of Concern. (Woodward-Clyde Consultants,1991)

3. Sediment Quality

Some Ashtabula River sediment samples taken by Woodward ClydeConsultants under agreement with the EPA in the vicinity ofFields Brook contain Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's) that placethis sediment in a toxic category under the Toxic SubstanceControl Act (TSCA) * The Ashtabula River Remedial Action Planstates that the contaminants of greatest concern are PCB's,hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), mercury,zinc, chromium, and volatile organic compounds.•

Numerous contaminants have been identified in samples fromthe Ashtabula River Area Of Concern. Data were obtained foreight metals, PCB's, hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD),hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and chlorobenzene (CB). The highestconcentrations shown were 31 ppm for arsenic; 2,152 ppm forbarium; 25 ppm for cadmium; 5,740 ppm for chromium; 11.3 ppm formercury; 142 ppm for nickel; 282 ppm for lead; 2,463 ppm forzinc; 660 ppm for PCB's; 560 ppm for HC$D; 45 ppm for HCB; and 10ppm for CB. (Woodward-Clyde Consultants, 1991). Table 1presents additional data from Woodward-Clyde's sampling locationsidentified in Figure 3.

4. Selection of Demonstration Technologies

As stated previously, one of the objectives of the Assessmentand Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (ARCS) program is toevaluate and demonstrate remedial options for contaminatedsediments in the Great Lakes. The ARCS Engineering/TechnologyWork Group (ETWG) is responsible for recommending andimplementing these demonstrations. The program places priorityfor demonstration projects on the five AOCs specified in theClean Water Act. The purpose of pilot scale demonstrations is toevaluate the effectiveness and cost of innovative technologies,develop information for full-scale planning of remediationprojects, assess contaminant losses during remediation, andinvestigate techniques for residuals treatment (Averett, 1990}.

A literature review was used to perform a screening-levelevaluation of process options for biological, chemical,extraction, immobilization, radiant energy, and thermaltechnologies (Averett et al., 1990). Each process option wasassessed on the basis of effectiveness, implementability, andcost. A number of the higher cost thermal processes wereeliminated from consideration due to the expense of theseprocesses. Numerous other processes were eliminated from furtherconsideration because of the lack of research and development forapplication to a specific sediment and associated contaminantmatrix. The availability of a mobile pilot-scale unit was alsorequired for implementing an on-site pilot demonstration. Basedon these criteria, a list of those processes that should beretained for demonstration consideration was developed.

A matrix was developed of the processes recommended forconsideration for pilot demos, the principal contaminantscontrolled by each process, and the AOCs where such contaminantsare present and the processes are applicable (Averett, 1990).

A list of potential pilot projects was then prepared andthese alternatives were ranked for consideration based on factorsaffecting their selection.

Three of the other sites under consideration by the ARCSProgram, Grand Calumet River, Saginaw River, and Sheboygan River,have appreciable levels of PCB's. At these sites solventextraction, hydrooyclone, and bioremediation technologies will bedemonstrated. With this in mind, it was decided that it would beappropriate to demonstrate low temperature thermal desorption, anextraction technology, at the Ashtabula River AOC. Although thistechnology was demonstrated by the ARCS Program at the BuffaloRiver AOC, the contaminants of concern were primarily polynucleararomatic hydrocarbons (PAH's). It is felt that using the lowtemperature thermal desorption technology in Ashtabula willprovide necessary data on this system's, ability to remediatePCB's and other chlorinated hydrocarbons.

5. Description of Proposed Demonstration

5.1 Sample Location.

The area where Fields Brook enters the Ashtabula River hasthe highest concentration of contaminants. It was decided tocollect sediment samples from this general area since higherinitial concentrations should give a better indication of thesuccessfulness of the remediation technology. Also, WoodwardClyde data showed that some of the sediment in this area, whilecontaminated, was not classified under TSCA. Additionalsampling, to include TCLP analysis, was done in this area inFebruary 1992 to ensure contaminants are not classified under theResource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).

5.2 Sample Removal and Transport.

The removal of contaminated sediments from the AshtabulaRiver will be accomplished by a land-based backhoe or crane. Atotal of about 15 cubic yards of sediments, will be placed inapproximately forty-eight 55 gallon drums. Since the removal anddemonstration sites will be co-located, a forklift will beadequate to transport the barrels from river's edge to thetreatment unit.

5.3 Demonstration Site and Preparation.

The demonstration will be conducted on Jack's Marine propertyadjacent to the westernmost slip in the vicinity of the upperturning basin. (Figure 4)

This area offers several advantages over other locations inthe area. First, it is located near the sediment collection siteallowing the use of land-based dredging equipment, which willsignificantly reduce costs. Second, the area is relativelysecluded and there is only one access road which will simplifysecurity measures. Third, the owners of Jack's Marine have beenextremely cooperative in allowing the demonstration project ontheir property.

The area where the project will take place is approximately90 feet wide by several hundred feet long. Prior to the mobilepilot unit arriving on site, the demonstration area must beprepared. An area of about 20,000 square feet must be clearedand prepared for the mobile unit as well as an office and astorage area for raw materials. It is anticipated that severalpieces of construction equipment will be needed for sitepreparation work as well as during the demonstration. Thisequipment will include a bulldozer or grader for clearing andgrading the site, and a forklift for moving equipment andsupplies. It may also be necessary for. several loads of crushedstone to be brought into the site to provide a better loadbearing surface. Additionally, a 20 foot by 40 foot reinforcedconcrete pad may be installed as a foundation for thedemonstration equipment.

There is a bridge that must be crossed to access the sitewhich is currently in disrepair. The owners of Jack's Marineplan on repairing the bridge in the spring. If this is not done,or not done well enough, additional repairs will be requiredduring site preparation.

The demonstration equipment will be brought in from GreatLakes Avenue and through Jack's Marine to the site adjacent tothe westernmost slip. Electric power will be supplied by agenerator capable of providing 440 voltage or from a power hook-up with Cleveland Electric and Illuminating. The owner of Jack'sMarine has requested that if generators are used that they onlybe run during the day so they don't disturb people who spend thenight on their boats. A relatively small amount of water isrequired for this pilot demonstration to start-up the unit, rinsetanks after each run, and clean-up upon completion of thedemonstration. Hater will either be provided from the AshtabulaRiver or supplied from a 500 to 1,000 gallon tank truck. It isanticipated that roughly 1,000 gallons of water will be needed inorder to operate the demonstration unit (Swanstrom, 1990}.

An area will be available from which visitors can observe thedemonstration activities. A canopy cover will be provided forprotection. Rented port-a-Johns will be used for sanitaryfacilities and bottled water will be provided for drinkingpurposes.

5.4 Pretreatment.

Low temperature thermal desorption units typically operatebest with a feed material water content in the 10 to 20 percentrange, but can operate well with up to 60 percent water in thefeed material. Pretreatment activities may include the drying ofthe contaminated sediments or the addition of water, as was thecase in the Buffalo Demo, to improve material handling. It isanticipated that the material will be placed directly into thedrums from the backhoe dredging the sediment. If dewatering isnecessary, the liquid on top can be pumped off after all thesolids have settled out.§

Prior to pilot scale treatment using this technology, it willbe necessary to remove particles and debris greater than 1/2 inchin size from the feed material. It is anticipated that aportable screening process can be used to size the feed materialas it is placed into the 55 gallon drums. The solids over 1/2inch in size will represent a small portion of the dredgedmaterial and will hold a very small percentage of thecontaminants. This coarse fraction will be sampled and testedprior to its disposal. Solids 1/2 inch in size and smaller,containing the vast majority of the contaminants, will be treatedusing the low temperature thermal desorption process.

Setup time once the demonstration unit arrives on sitenormally takes 3 to 4 days if the site has been fully preparedahead of time. An additional one to two days will be needed forstart-up operations of the unit. It is anticipated that themobile unit will treat on the order of 250 to 700 pounds ofcontaminated sediments per hour and that the residence time ofthe feed material will range from approximately 1 to 4 hours.Ten to 20 cubic yards of contaminated sediments will besufficient to conduct the pilot demonstration testing. Thisquantity will allow for start-up operations, testing undervarying conditions (i.e., residence time in the treatment unit),and cleansing between tests.

5.5 Low Temperature Thermal Desorption Treatment.

Low temperature thermal desorption includes any number of ex-situ processes that use either direct or indirect heat exchangeto vaporize and/or volatize organic contaminants from soils,sludges, and sediments. Thermal desorption systems are physicalseparation processes and are not specifically designed to provideorganic decomposition. Thermal desorption is not incineration,since the decomposition of organic contaminants is not thedesired result, although some decomposition may occur.Soil/sediment is typically heated to 200-1,000°F based on thethermal desorption system selected*

During the material handling, dredged material will bescreened to remove large objects and then delivered to thedesorber inlet. The desorption step consists of a dryer whichcan be an indirectly fired rotary asphalt kiln, a single (or setof) internally heated screw auger(s), a series of externallyheated distillation chambers, or a fluidized-bed desorptionsystem. Contaminants are intimately contacted with a heattransfer-fluid and/or hot gases and volatile components aredriven off. An inert gas, such as nitrogen, may be injected in acounter current sweep stream to prevent contaminant combustionand to vaporize and remove the contaminants.

Off-gas from the desorption step is then processed to removeparticulates. Volatiles in the off-gas may be collected onactivated carbon or recovered in condensation equipment (Rawe,1991). A flow diagram for the remediation of the sediment usinglow temperature thermal desorption is at Figure 5.

5.6 Residuals Management.

Residuals from the pilot scale demonstration will bemonitored to determine the concentration levels of variouscontaminants. Treated solids will be tested using the TCLP todetermine appropriate disposal requirements. If it passes theTCLP test it will be disposed of in an approved solid wastelandfill. The oil fraction of the liquid waste will be testedand either disposed of or destroyed as mandated by TSCA. Theaqueous fraction of the liquid waste will be tested and disposedof at the local water treatment facility, if appropriate. Iftest results will not allow discharge to the water treatmentfacility, then the aqueous fraction will be disposed of inanother approved manner. Discharged carrier gas will be sentthrough a particulate filter and treated by activated carbonprior to being vented to the atmosphere. Additionally, anyconstruction material which has been contaminated will either beproperly cleaned or suitably disposed of in a solid wastelandfill.

5.7 Monitoring.

Samples of the dredged material and any residuals from thetreatment process (off-gases, process water, solids) will becollected in accordance with the Sampling and Analysis Plan(SAP). The purpose of the SAP is to ensure that samples obtainedfor characterization and testing are representative. The SAPspecifies the location and frequency of sampling, propercontainers and sample preservation techniques, and maximumholding times. Results of the monitoring program will be used toevaluate the effectiveness of the treatment technology inremediating the contaminated sediments. The monitoring programwill also be used to assess the effects of the pilotdemonstration on the environment. Results will also be used toestimate the effects of any full scale remediation on theenvironment.

The monitoring program will include the collection ofoperational data for the thermal desorption technology. Thedata will include operating temperature, feed rates as well asweather conditions at the time of the demonstration.

6. Description of Required Activities

6.1 Introduction•

Numerous activities must be completed prior to, during, andsubsequent to the pilot scale demonstration. These activitiesinclude project management and oversight, including contractmanagement, legal'and real estate requirements, and budget andschedule preparation; development of a Sampling and Analysis Planincluding the Field Sampling Plan and the Quality AssuranceProject Plan (QAPP); development of a Health and Safety Plan;regulatory requirements; site preparation and closure; publicrelations; sampling and analysis; analyzing and interpretingdata; residuals management; and report preparation (United StatesEPA, 1989). These activities are presented in the form of alogic diagram in Figure 6.

6.2 Management and Oversight.

6.2.1 Management and Coordination. Management andcoordination covers the oversight of the entire pilot scaledemonstration including the monitoring of progress of contractwork. This task will be handled by the Corps of EngineersBuffalo District with direction provided by the United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and ARCS Engineering/Technology Work Group (ETWG). This will be an ongoing effortlasting from the start of the detailed planning effort to thecompletion of the pilot demonstration report and has beenestimated to cost $59,000.

6.2.2 Budget and Schedule. The cost estimate for allactivities associated with the pilot demonstration is shown inTable 3. The estimate for the treatment equipment is based oninformation gained from the pilot demonstration in Buffalo usingthe same technology. The remainder of the cost estimate wasprepared by the Buffalo District.

6.2.3 Contract Management. Four different contracts willbe required for the successful completion of a pilot scaledemonstration. These contracts will be administered and managedby Buffalo District's Contracting Division due to their expertisein this field. Assistance will be provided by the District'sWater Quality Section (with direct input from the USEPA and theARCS ETWG). It is estimated that management of these contractswill cost $10,000.

The technology to be demonstrated at the Buffalo River Areaof Concern is available from a limited number of vendors.

Obtaining the services of a specific firm to demonstrate atreatment technology can be a time-consuming process and willinvolve three steps: 1. request for proposal (RFP), 2. bidreview and evaluation, and 3. contract award (United States EPA,1989).

An RFP is an invitation to firms to submit proposals toconduct specific services. This RFP vill be advertised in theCommerce Business Daily and constitutes full and opencompetition. Proposals will be submitted by a fixed due date andbe reviewed by members of the ETWG to determine the prospectivefirms abilities to conduct the required services. Technicalproposals will be 'evaluated using a rating system based on thetechnical evaluation criteria presented in the RFP. Contractaward is based on a firm's ability to Beet the technicalrequirements of the testing involved, its qualifications andexperience in conducting similar studies, the availability andadequacy of its personnel and equipment: resources, and acomparison of cost estimates. The vendor conducting thetreatability will be monitored for responsiveness, quality ofdocumentation, and cost control.

Rental agreements likely will be required to provideequipment necessary to support the demonstration. This willrange from construction equipment necessary for site preparationand site closure, to generators for electric power, to port-a-johns for sanitary facilities. A separate rental agreement willbe necessary to provide a backhoe or crane with a clam bucket forremoval of the contaminated sediments from the Ashtabula River.

6.2.4 Legal and Real Estate. Real estate and legalrequirements will be handled by Buffalo District's Real EstateOffice and Office of Counsel. Because this demonstration willtake place on private property, rights-of-entry, lease, andliability questions will need to be addressed well in advance ofthe demonstration. In addition, money has been set aside for theowners of Jack's Marine for possible compensation for use oftheir property. The District's Office of Counsel as well asUSEPA's counsel may become involved if liability or otherproblems arise with any of the contracts comprising thedemonstration. Including potential compensation to Jack'sMarine, it is estimated that the legal and real estate effortwill cost $20,000.

6.3 Public Relations.

Public relations activities should focus on providinginformation to the community concerning the technology screeningprocess and on obtaining feedback on community concernsassociated with potentially applicable treatment technologies.Pilot scale testing may provide data that can convince the public

of a technology's ability to remediate a site. Opencommunication with the public will help prevent the testing,development, and selection of a remedy that is unacceptable tothe community and results in delayed site remediation and higherremediation costs.

Due to their experience in this area, public relationsactivities for this demonstration project will be coordinated bythe ARCS Communications/Liaison Work Group. The work group plansto publish information concerning the pilot demonstration andmeet with concerned locals. These activities will be coordinatedwith the Ashtabula River Remedial Action Committee. The Corps ofEngineers Buffalo 'District and the ETWG will provide logisticalsupport during the pilot demonstration. This effort has beenestimated to cost $10,000. Additionally, $5,000 has beenreserved for Buffalo District's efforts in conjunction with mediaand public day.

6.4 Sampling and Analysis Plan.

A Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) is required for all fieldactivities. The purpose of this plan is to ensure that samplesobtained for characterization and testing are representative andthat the quality of the analytical data generated is known(United States EPA, 1989(a)). The SAP addresses field sampling,waste characterization, and sampling and analysis of the feedmaterial and residuals from the treatment process* The Samplingand Analysis Plan consists of two parts, the Field Sampling Planand the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). The FieldSampling Plan describes the sampling objectives, the type,location, and number of samples to be collected, the samplenumbering system, the necessary equipment and procedures forcollecting the samples, the sample chain of custody procedures,and the required packaging, labeling, and shipping procedures.The samples collected must be representative of the conditionsbeing evaluated.

The Quality Assurance Project Plan details the qualityassurance objectives for critical measurements and the qualitycontrol procedures established to achieve the desired QAobjectives for the pilot scale demonstration. The objectives forcritical measurements include precision, accuracy,representativeness, completeness, and comparability.

The Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station (WES) isa logical choice for preparation of the Field Sampling Planportion of the Sampling and Analysis Plan due to their experiencedeveloping such plans. In addition WES is familiar with the SAPrequirements for this project since they developed a similar planfor the demonstration project in Buffalo. The Quality AssuranceProtection Plan portion of the SAP will be prepared by the firm

10

contracted to perform the sampling and analysis, since they willbe more familiar with the necessary testing equipment andprocedures.

A QAPP will also be prepared by the vendor of the extractiontechnology. This QAPP will be reviewed and approved by the ETWG.

The Field Sampling Plan will be prepared before the contactis awarded for the sampling work. The QAPPs will be preparedafter contract award, but before any remediation of the sedimenttakes place. The cost of preparing the SAP is estimated to be$10,000.

6.5 Health and Safety Plan.

The Health and Safety Plan identifies the hazards andpotential hazards associated with each phase of the project andprescribes appropriate protective and preventive measures foremployees and the public. Below is a suggested organization forthe Health and Safety Plan.

1. Hazard Analysis2. Employee Training3. Personal Protective Equipment4. Medical Surveillance5. Personnel and Environmental Monitoring6. Site Control Measures7. Decontamination Procedures8. Emergency Response Plan9. Confined-Space Entry Procedures10. Spill Containment Program

The Health and Safety Plan (HSP) should address all fieldactivities associated with the pilot demonstration, including thesample removal and transport, site preparation and closure, pre-treatment, the low temperature thermal desorption demonstration,and monitoring of the demonstration.

It is recommended that the Corps of Engineers North CentralDivision (NCD) Safety and Industrial Hygiene office prepare theHSP as they did for the demonstration project in Buffalo. TheEngineering and Technology Work Group will review and approve theHSP. Preparation of the Health and Safety Plan is estimated tocost $5,000.

6.6 Regulatory Requirements.

Regulatory compliance will be investigated and coordinated byBuffalo District with the assistance of the USEPA and the ARCSEngineering and Technology Work Group. Buffalo District hasinitiated coordination with the Ohio Environmental ProtectionAgency to ensure their regulatory requirements are met. Specific

11

areas which will be addressed are permits to install for airemissions, and requirements for handling, temporary storage anddisposal of potential TSCA and RCRA regulated material.Additionally, an Environmental Assessment/ Finding of NoSignificant Impact will have to be done and the State must issuea 401 Water Quality Certification for the incidental discharge ofdredge material in the Ashtabula River. The cost ofinvestigating regulatory compliance and preparing the requireddocuments is estimated to be $16,000.

6.7 Site Preparation and Demonstration Support.

Equipment and'supplies will be required for site preparationas well as for support during the pilot demonstration. Many ofthe supplies purchased for the Buffalo demonstration project willagain be used for the Ashtabula demonstration. Other necessarysupplies will be received from the Buffalo District warehouse orthrough purchase order. TOY orders for Buffalo Districtpersonnel will include authority to purchase small suppliesrequired for the project. This cost is estimated to be $2,000and is included in the estimate for project management.

6.8 Monitoring.

Samples of the dredged material and any residuals, solids,off-gases, and process water will be collected in accordance withthe Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP). The SAP specifies thelocation and frequency of sampling, proper containers and samplepreservation techniques, and maximum holding times. Qualityassurance samples (blanks and splits) will be collected at thesame time as the demonstration study samples.

Sampling will be performed under contract with ARDLLaboratory. All samples will be sent to Battelle Marine ServicesLaboratory for analysis. Sample collection costs have beenestimated at $55,000. Sample analysis costs are estimated to be$275,000.

6.9 Removal and Transport.

Sediment removal and transport will be executed by a contractadministered by Buffalo District. This work will be accomplishedthrough the use of a rental agreement contract within a few weeksprior to the treatment demonstration. As previously stated,land-based equipment will be used to dredge the sediment from theriver. This will allow accurate removal of contaminatedsediments at a much lower cost than using floating plant. Thiscost has been estimated at $5,000.

6.10 Thermal Desorption Demonstration.

The extraction technology to be demonstrated at the AshtabulaRiver Area of Concern is available from a limited number of

12

vendors. Vendors will be asked to submit proposals for an on-site demonstration of their extraction technology. The proposalswill be evaluated, and a contract awarded based on a firmsability to meet the technical requirements of the testing, theavailability and adequacy of its personnel and equipmentresources, and a comparison of cost estimates.

The thermal desorption demonstration vendor contract cost hasbeen estimated at $250,000.

6.11 Residuals Management.

Residuals from the pilot scale demonstration will be disposedof in an environmentally sound manner. The residuals from thetreatment technology will be monitored to determine theconcentration levels of various contaminants and subsequently theproper method of disposal for the residuals.

The treatment technology vendor will be responsible formanagement of the process residuals resulting from the pilotdemonstration. Costs associated with residuals management areincluded in the thermal desorption estimate*

6-12 Report Preparation.

Upon completion of the demonstration, the data must besummarized and evaluated to determine the performance of thetreatment process. Data will be checked to assess precision,accuracy, and completeness.

The final step in conducting a pilot demonstration isreporting the test results. The report will detail the design,execution, and results of each phase of the demonstration. Thevendor of the treatment technology will prepare a report on thetechnology performance and the process optimization parametersthat were identified during the demonstration. This report willcontain conclusions and recommendations on treatment of thecontaminated sediments. The Buffalo District will combine thisreport with other results of the demonstration project to formthe final project report. The following topics will bediscussed:

Description of the DemonstrationDocumentation of the SAP and Health and Safety PlansDocumentation of Regulatory and Legal ComplianceSample Removal and TransportSite PreparationThermal Desorption DemonstrationSolidification/Stabilization DemonstrationMonitoring ResultsConclusions

13

The section on monitoring results will include a discussionon the form of residuals coming off the treatment process, theultimate fate of the contaminants, and a mass balance on thetreatment process.

This report will be presented to the USEPA and theEngineering and Technology Work Group for review and commentsbefore it is finalized. It is estimated that this report willcost $25,000 and will be finalized by April 1993.

14

TABLE 1

MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION OF METALS AND ORGANICS AT TEN ASHTABULA RIVERSEDIMENT SAMPLE SITES (WOODWARD-CLYDE CONSULTANTS, 1991)

PPM dry weight

USEPA Guidelinefor Heavily Pol-luted Sediment

Sample Site

196-01

188-05

188-04

188-03

187-01

171-01

168-01

159-01

131-01

126-01

As8

18(13)

17(6)

21(10)

21(16)

10(3)

22(15)

19(12)

14

12(16)

15(17)

Ba60

179(12)

746(8)

1123(10)

2152(8)

1123(3)

1036(17)

930(14)

1159(18)

220(16)

248(17)

Cd6

1.2(10)

15(6)

8(10)

12(10)

2(3)

8(17)

6(12)

9(18)

2.6(18)

2.7(17)

Cr75

286(12)

372(6)

1938(10)

5740(10)

213(3)

90(15)

885(14)

241(14)

53(18)

149(17)

He1

.26(10)

1.4(8)

.6(10)

3(16)

1.6(3)

1.3(15)

5.7(12)

4.3(14)

.22(18)

1(17)

Ni50

34(12)

71(6)

106(10)

142(8)

52(3)

45(17)

51(12)

49

35(18)

39(17)

Pb60

67(10)

282(6)

107(10)

112(10)

66(3)

42 '(15)

81(12)

71(14)

67(18)

53(17)

Zn200

175(10)

2463(6)

594(10)

686(10)

123(6)

173(17)

369(12)

254(14)

151(18)

181(17)

PCB10

3.8(10)

15(6)

20(10)

120(8)

369(3)

13(13)

29(14)

17(14)

1(18)

2.3(14)

HCBDN/A

. .04(10)

.04(6)

-

560(8)

34(3)

.15(13)

.12(12)

.27(14)

.02(18)

.07(12)

HCBN/A

-

-

-

22(8)

45(3)

.31(15)

1.5(14)

.4(18)

.4(18)

.35(17)

CBN/A

.01(10)

.01(6)

.8(10)

3.6(10)

.1(3)

1.3(13)

1(14)

.1(14)

.01(16)

_

* Number in parentheses Is depth of maximum concentration below low water datum (LWD).

REFERENCES

1. Woodward-Clyde Consultants, 1991. "Ashtabula RiverInvestigation, Draft Report," Woodward-Clyde Consultants,Chicago, Illinois.2. Averett, Daniel E.. 1990. "Strategy for Selection of Sitesand Technologies for Pilot-Scale Demonstration Projects," DraftPaper, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,Vicksburg, Mississippi.3. Swanstrom, Carl 1990. "Phone conversation withThomas Kenna, U. S. Army Engineers, Buffalo District," ChemicalWaste Management, Inc., Geneva, Illinois.4. Rawe, James, Science Applications International Corporationand Mark Meckes, Paul dePercin, and David Smith, United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency, 1991. Guidance for TreatabilityTesting Under Cercla: Solvent Extraction and Thermal Desorption,"EPA/540/2-91/008, United States EPA, Cincinatti, Ohio.5. United States EPA, 1989. "Guide to Conducting TreatabilityStudies Under CERCLA," EPA/540/2-89/058, United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio*6. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. 1991. "Ashtabula RiverRemedial Action Plan, Stage 1 Investigation Report," Ohio EPA,Columbus, Ohio.

Table 2

COST ESTIMATE TOR CONDUCTING PILOT SCALE DEMONSTRATION

$100,000 - Project Management (NCB)10,000 Contracting16,000 Environmental (EA/FONSI)5,000*Real Estate (In House Cost)5,000 Cost Estimating5,000 Legal59,000 Hater Quality (Salary and TOY Costs)

$ 10,000 - Real Estate Acquisition (potential $ to landowner)$ 5,000 - Health and Safety Plan (NCD)$ 10,000 - Sampling Plan (HES)$ 5,000 - Dredging Contract (Use Land-Based Equipment)$250,000 - Remediation (Thermal Desorption)$ 5,000 - Media and Public Day Prep (In House Setup Costs)$ 55,000 - Sample Collection (ARDL)

25,000 Air Sampling30,000 Liquid and Solid Sampling

$275,000 - Sample Analysis (Battelle)$ 25,000 - Report

$740,000 - TOTAL ESTIMATED COST

ojefferson

A S H T A B U L A

LEGEND

k C R A W FOR D

oLinesvilte

O!Andover

WATERSHED^BOUNDARY

SCALE IN MILES

UDftK PLAN FCM PILOT SCALE DEMONSTRATION |FOR REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS |AT THE ASHTABULA RIVER AREA OF CONCERN |

A6HTABULA RIVER WATERSHED

U.S. ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT, BUFFALO |TO ACCOMPANY REPORT DATED: FEBRUARY 1992 |

Figure 1

O H I O I f I N N

V I C I N I T Y M A P

WORK PLAN FOR PILOT SCALE OENONSTRATIONFOR REMEDIATION OF. CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTSAT THE ASHTABULA RIVER AREA OF CONCERN

ASHTABULA RIVERAREA OF CONCERN

U.S. ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT, BUFFALOTO ACCOMPANY REPORT DATED: FEBRUARY 1992

Figure 2

WORK PUN FOR PILOT SCALE DEMONSTRATIONFOR REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTSAT THE ASHTABULA RIVER AREA Of CONCERN

A6HTABULA RIVERSEDIMENT SAMPLING LOCATIONS

MARCH 1991

U.S. ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT, BUFFALOTO ACCOMPANY REPORT DATED: FEBRUARY 1992

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SEDIMENT) REMEDIATION

LOCATION

JACK'S 'MARINE

LOCATION OFPILOT SCALE DEMONSTRATION

FIGU

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5

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FLOW DIAGRAM FORLOW TEMPERATURE

THERMAL DESORPTION

U.S. ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT, BUFFALOTO ACCOMPANY REPORT DATED: FEBRUARY 1992