Uropoetic system
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Transcript of Uropoetic system
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Uropoetic system
Histology and embryology
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Uropoetic system
• Kidney (Ren)– Nephrone (Nephron)– Collecting tubules (Tubuli colligentes)– Callices (Calices renales)– Renal pelvis (Pelvis renalis)
• Ureter (Ureter)• Urinary bladder (Vesica urinaria)• Urethra (Urethra)
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Development of urinary system
• Development of kidney– Pronephros– Mesonephros– Metanephros
• Development of excretory passages
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Pronephros
• Intermedial mesoderm of cranial 12-13 somites
• From 21st day (4 somites)
• Rudimental, soon disappear
• Persistent ductus Wolffi
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Mesonephros
• From intermedial mesoderm
• Sac elongates to ductus Wolffi– In stage of 27-28 somites ingrowths to cloaca
• From about 23rd day
• With glomerulum and collective tubule
• Caudal part is origin for gonads
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Metanephros
• Definitive stage of kidney• nephrogenic blastema 3rd to 5th lumb. somites
– Development begins at the end of 5th week– Relative ascent during development
• Ureteral bud grows to blastema
• Ureteral bud – ureter, pelvis, large and small calices and collecting tubules
• metanephrogenic blastema - nephrone
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Induction of nephrons
• Interaction between blastema and ureteric bud• Connecting with the branch of ureteral bud• Later development of nephrone
• Distance of glomerulum from the renal medulla is the function of age– Oldest nephrons – juxtamedular
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Development of excretory passages
• Urinary bladder– Developed from cranial part of urogenital sinus
– Urachus
– Separation of excretory passages for urine and genital ducts
• Urethra– From medial part of urogenital sinus (at females)
– From medial and caudal part (at males) and glandular plate
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Kidney (Ren)
• Nephron
• Intersticium
• Juxtaglomerular apparatus
• Blood supply
• Intrarenal excretory passages for urine
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Nepron
• Renal body– Glomerulum– Bowman‘s capsule
• Proximal tubule
• Intermedial tubule
• Distal tubule
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Renal body (Malpighi)
• Bowman‘s capsule– Parietal part (squamous epitelium)– Visceral part (podocytes - pedicles)
• Glomerulum – a. afferens a. efferens
– fenestrated capilaries w/o diaphragm
• Filtration barierbasal membrane - collagen type IV and heparan sulfate
• Mesangial cells
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Proximal tubule
• Single layered cubic epitelium– Brush border on apical part– Basolateral labyrinth– Abundand mitochondrias
• Resorption of NaCl and water (80-95%)– Na+ into cell pasive, out active
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Intermedial tubule
• Thin limb of Henle‘s loop
• Squamous cells, poorly organels– Descendent part permebile for water– Ascendent part inpermeabile for water —
• Juxtamedular nephrons have long HL– countercurrent multiplier - hyperosmotic
medulla
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Distal tubule
• Cells are lower than in proximal tubule– No brush border– Basolateral labyrinth
• Reabsorption of natrium, secretion of kalium
• macula densa - chemoreceptors (Cl-)
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Juxtaglomerular apparatus
• Parts:– macula densa of distal tubule– granular cells of afferens arteriol (also efferens)– mesangial cells
• Function:– Regulation of blood pressure - renin
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Intersticium
• Connected with basal lamina of vessels and tubules
• Cortical vs. medullar• Cells:
• Fibroblast-like cells
• Cells with lipid droplets
• Macrophages, pericytes
• Non-cellular elements• proteoglycans, glycoproteins, interstitial fluid
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Blood supply
• aa. interlobares• aa. arcuatae• aa. corticales radiatae• aa. capsulares• aa. afferentes• aa. efferentes
• Peritubular capillaries• vasa recta• vv. arcuatae• vv. corticales radiatae• vv. stellatae• vv. interlobares
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Intrarenal excretory passages
• Collecting tubules (Tubulli colligentes)– Single layered cubic epithelium– Round nucleus, light cytoplasm
• Papilar ducts (Ductus pappilares)– Single layered columnar epithelium– Light cytoplasm
• Regulated water reabsorption (ADH)
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Slides
Slide U1- kidney HE
Slide U2 - kidney Van Gieson
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Kidney HE (U1)Kidney HE (U1)
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Kidney Van Gieson (U2)Kidney Van Gieson (U2)
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Renal diseases • Diabetic nephropathyDiabetic nephropathy• Acute pyelonephritisAcute pyelonephritis
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Excretory passages
• Calices and pelvis
• Ureters
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra
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Excretory passages
• Mucosa (tunica mucosa)– epithelium transitional– lamina propria mucosae (collagen)
• Smooth muscle (tunica muscularis)
• Adventitia (tunica adventitia)
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Renal pelvis and calices
• 2-3 calices in every pelvis
• 2-3-layered transitional epithelium
• Smooth muscle cells spirally
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Ureter
• Folded mucosa
• Smooth muscle– Inner layer longitudinal– Outer layer circular
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Slides
Slide U3 - ureter HE
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Ureter HE (U3)Ureter HE (U3)
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Urinary bladder
• Mucosa folded except of area trigonum vesicae
• 3-layered smooth muscle layer – inner plexiform– middle circular ( m. sphincter vesicae)– outer longitudinal
• Part of bladder covered by serosa (peritoneum)
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Slides
Slide U4 – urinary bladder HE
Slide U5 – urinary bladder Van Gieson
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Urinary bladder HE (U4)Urinary bladder HE (U4)
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Urinary bladder Van Gieson (U5)Urinary bladder Van Gieson (U5)
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Urethra
• Male urethra have 4 parts:– First two part covered by transitional
epithelium – Other two covered by multilayered sqaumous
epithelium
• Female urethra – Transitional epithelium in intramural part,
continuing with multilayered squamous