Urinary System ST120 Concorde Career College, Portland.
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Transcript of Urinary System ST120 Concorde Career College, Portland.
Urinary SystemST120
Concorde Career College, Portland
Objectives
Define the term urinary Describe the functions of the urinary system List and identify the structures of the urinary
system and describe the function of each
Objectives
Describe the process of urine formation Trace the flow of urine from the time it begins
to form in the kidney until it exits the body Describe the mechanism by which the
urinary system helps to maintain homeostasis
Objectives
Describe common diseases, disorders, and conditions of the urinary system including signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and available treatment options
Demonstrate knowledge of medical terminology related to the urinary system verbally and in the written form
Urinary Defined
Pertaining to urine - the fluid and dissolved substances secreted by the kidneys.
Function of the Urinary System
Excrete water and waste products containing nitrogen and salts
Structures of the Urinary System
Kidneys (2) Ureters (2) Bladder (1) Urethra (1)
Kidneys - Location
Inferior to the diaphragm Protected by the ribs Enclosed in a fibrous capsule and protected
by a fat pad Contained within the retroperitoneal space Right is slightly lower than the left
Kidneys - General Information
Renal artery delivers oxygenated blood to the kidney Functional unit of the kidney is called the nephron Deoxygenated blood leaves the kidney via the renal vein
GU System Dissection Video
Kidney Structure
Three Regions:
1. Cortex
2. Medulla
3. Renal Pelvis
A More Detailed View
Renal capsule Cortex Medulla
Pyramids
Calyces Minor Major
Renal Pelvis Ureter
Microscopic Section of the Kidney
Note position of nephron in cortex and medulla
Nephron
Two Divisions:
1. Vascular
2. Tubular
Nephron
Vascular Division: Afferent arteriole Glomerulus Efferent arteriole Peritubular
capillaries Venule
Microscopic View of the Glomerulus
Nephron
Tubular Division: Bowman’s Capsule Proximal Convoluted Tubule Loop of Henle Distal Convoluted Tubule Juxtaglomerular Apparatus Collecting Tubule/Duct Minor Calyx Major Calyx Renal Pelvis Ureter
Physiology
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
Concentration of urine
Kidney – Blood Supply
Renal artery Segmental arteries Interlobular arteries Arcuate arteries Intertubular arteries Afferent arterioles
Kidney-Blood Supply
Arterial flow through the kidney: Aorta Renal artery Segmental artery Interlobular artery Arcuate artery Interlobular artery Afferent arteriole Glomerular capillary
Efferent arteriole Peritubular capillary Interlobular vein Arcuate vein Interlobular vein Renal vein Inferior vena cava Right atrium
Ureters
Muscular tubes that convey urine from the kidney to the bladder by gravity and peristalsis
Approximately 10-13 inches in length
Ureters
Bladder
Temporary reservoir for urine
Layers Mucous membrane
Rugae Submucosa
Connective tissue Muscularis
Three layers Serosa/Adventitia
Trigone
Urination (Micturition)
Internal sphincter Involuntary
External sphincter Voluntary (with age)
Urethra Extends from the
bladder to the outside Meatus
Urethra
The tube extending from the bladder to the outside of the body
Urethral Meatus
The urethral meatus is the external opening of the urethra
Control of Urine Volume
Mainly controlled by the amount of water and dissolved substances that are reabsorbed
ANH: increases urine formation Secreted by the atria of the heart when BP increases
Aldosterone: decreases urine formation Secreted by the adrenal glands in response to
increased K level, decreased sodium levels, decreased blood pressure
ADH: decreases urine Secreted by the posterior pituitary gland when water
level in the body is too low
Micturition
AKA urination, voiding Passage of urine from the body As the bladder wall stretches, nerve impulses
are sent to the spinal cord and an emptying reflex is initiated
The reflex causes contraction of the bladder wall and relaxation of the internal sphincter and urine enters the urethra
Terms
Retention Suppression Incontinence Involuntarily Cystitis
Terms
Kidney Stones
Calculi are typically composed of calcium (75%)
Etiology unknown, but likely triggered by diet Lower calcium diet may decrease stone
formation Recur in 50% of patients
May become lodged and cause obstruction Hydronephritis
Kidney Stones
Nephrectomy
Cystoscopy
Visualization of bladder Urethroscopy Ureteroscopy