Urban environments
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Transcript of Urban environments
Urban environments
Small towns, slum settlements and uranium mining environments
Sharon JonesDistance Education Centre
Timetable
Weeks 1-3 Small towns
Weeks 5-7 Slum settlements
Weeks 9-11, 13-15 Uranium mining environments
Weeks 4, 8 & 12 Fieldwork on a small town or section of a large town/city
Small towns in eastern Victoria, 2006
0 20 40 60 kms
small townboundary of eastern VictoriacoastlineMetropolitan Melbourne
N
Source of data for map: Australian Bureau of Statistics, www.censusdata.abs.gov.au
Poowong – geographic characteristics
Natural characteristics or features Human characteristics or features Factors influencing geographic
characteristics Spatial interaction between
Poowong and surrounding region
How and why have rural settlements in Victoria changed over time?
How and why has Poowong changed over time?
What factors have influenced change in Victoria’s towns?
How and why do slum settlements develop and change?
Cairo and Rio de Janeiro types – what, where, living conditions change over time factors influencing development and
change most important factors
What is and can be done to manage change in slum settlements?
Predicted change to number and distribution of slum populations
What is being done – Millenium Goals & Targets
Improving slum settlements in Thailand strategies, advantages and disadvantages process predicted achievement of aims
Discussion - are slums inevitable?
‘…slums are no more inevitable than they are acceptable. While it may be difficult to overcome relative poverty, it is perfectly possible to ensure that the poor are provided with adequate shelter and basic services.’
Tibaijuka, A. Cities without slums, http://www.citiesalliance.org/activities-output/topics/slum-upgrading/action-plan.html
‘Just as slums and slum dwellers need cities to survive, so do cities need slums to thrive. With large numbers competing for work in cities, it is easier to pay low wages. However, a worker still needs to live, and without the informal settlements, the minimal acceptable salary would really hit the pockets and the profits of the rich. In over 150 years of trying, we have yet to come up with a viable alternative.’
Mumtaz, B. Why cities need slums http://ww2.unhabitat.org/mdg/documents/global/Vol7_No3_why_cities_need_slums.doc
Fieldwork Geographic characteristics – natural and
human Processes and factors contributing to /
influencing geographic characteristics Change in geographic characteristics Processes and factors influencing change Use of data collection / spatial concepts /
geographic techniques
Uranium mining environments
Where is uranium mined? – global scale How is uranium mined? How has uranium production changed
over time?
Uranium mining in Australia
Where is uranium currently mined? Past and present uranium mining Geographic characteristics of
current mines – Ranger, Olympic Dam and Beverley
Factors influencing geographic characteristics of uranium mining environments
Changes in uranium production 1945 - 2004
Figure 9.8 Western World uranium production, 1945-2004
Source: World Uranium Mining, Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper 41, UIC, Melbourne, July 2007 www.uic.com.au/nip41.htm
How and why have uranium mining environments in Australia changed?
Distribution 1960 – 2007 Changes to natural and human
environments when a new mine established Change due to mine rehabilitation Who influences change? – mining
companies, political parties and policies, environmental groups, community groups, indigenous groups
Rehabilitation – Mary Kathleen Evaporation Ponds Tailings Dam
Source: Environmental Rehabilitation of the Mary Kathleen Uranium Mine, Uranium Information Centre, Mines paper #6, September, 1996, www.uic.com.au/mku.htm
Are uranium mining environments sustainable?
What do we mean by sustainability?
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
(World Commission on Environment and Development’s (the Brundtland Commission) report Our Common Future, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987)
How do uranium mining companies view sustainability?
Are uranium mining environments sustainable?
Sustainability involves balancing Social, Economic and Environmental needs
Development Education Project, World Bank Institute, www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/sd.html
SocialEquity
ParticipationEmpowermentSocial Mobility
Cultural Preservation
EconomicServicesHousehold NeedsIndustrial GrowthAgricultural GrowthEfficient Use of Labour
EnvironmentBiodiversity
Natural ResourcesCarrying Capacity
Ecosystem IntegrityClean Air and Water