Urban AmericaUrban America

Chapter 10 NotesChapter 10 Notes

The Impact TodayThe Impact Today

• Industrialization and Urbanization Industrialization and Urbanization permanently influenced American permanently influenced American life.life.– U.S. a magnet for immigrants seeking a U.S. a magnet for immigrants seeking a

better way of lifebetter way of life– Cities in the U.S. continue to draw new Cities in the U.S. continue to draw new

residents in search of opportunityresidents in search of opportunity

Europeans Flood the U.S.Europeans Flood the U.S.

• By 1900 more than 50% were from By 1900 more than 50% were from eastern and southern Europeeastern and southern Europe

• Many eastern European JewsMany eastern European Jews

Why Come to the U.S.?Why Come to the U.S.?

• JobsJobs

• Few immigration restrictionsFew immigration restrictions

• Avoid forced military serviceAvoid forced military service

• Avoid religious persecutionAvoid religious persecution

• Break away from Europe’s class Break away from Europe’s class systemsystem

• Chance to move up the social ladderChance to move up the social ladder

Ellis IslandEllis Island

• SteerageSteerage

• Ellis IslandEllis Island– New York harborNew York harbor– 24 hours24 hours– Medical examsMedical exams– LabeledLabeled– Names changedNames changed

Ethnic CitiesEthnic Cities

• Separated along ethnic linesSeparated along ethnic lines

• Adopted American culture and Adopted American culture and languagelanguage

• 1 of 3 returned home1 of 3 returned home

• Did well if skilled or had moneyDid well if skilled or had money

Asian ImmigrantsAsian Immigrants

• Angel Island (1910)Angel Island (1910)

• Japanese Immigrants (1900 – 1908)Japanese Immigrants (1900 – 1908)

• ChineseChinese– OverpopulationOverpopulation– Unemployment / Poverty / FamineUnemployment / Poverty / Famine– Taiping Rebellion (1850)Taiping Rebellion (1850)– Central Pacific Railroad hiringCentral Pacific Railroad hiring

Nativism on the RiseNativism on the Rise

• Nativism – Preference for native born Nativism – Preference for native born people and a desire to limit people and a desire to limit immigration.immigration.– Influx of Catholics from Europe Influx of Catholics from Europe

threatened Protestantsthreatened Protestants– Labor Unions thought immigrant would Labor Unions thought immigrant would

work for less or become replacement work for less or become replacement workers.workers.

Nativists OrganizeNativists Organize

• American Protective AssociationAmerican Protective Association

• Workingman’s Party of CaliforniaWorkingman’s Party of California

• Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)– 10 year ban on immigrants10 year ban on immigrants– Denied citizenshipDenied citizenship

UrbanizationUrbanization

• Why the Shift?Why the Shift?– Immigrants lacked money & educationImmigrants lacked money & education

– Rural peoples found more jobs that paid Rural peoples found more jobs that paid betterbetter

– Cities had more amenities Cities had more amenities

New Urban EnvironmentNew Urban Environment

• Skyscrapers (Louis Sullivan)Skyscrapers (Louis Sullivan)

• Mass TransitMass Transit– Horse CarHorse Car– Cable CarsCable Cars– Electric Trolley CarElectric Trolley Car– Elevated TrainElevated Train– SubwaysSubways

Class SystemClass System

• High SocietyHigh Society

• Middle ClassMiddle Class– Industrialization create a growing classIndustrialization create a growing class– Doctors, Lawyers, Engineers, TeachersDoctors, Lawyers, Engineers, Teachers– Street car subwaysStreet car subways

• Working ClassWorking Class– Tenement housingTenement housing– $490 per year$490 per year

Urban ProblemsUrban Problems

• CrimeCrime

• ViolenceViolence

• FireFire

• PollutionPollution

• DiseaseDisease– TyphoidTyphoid– CholeraCholera

Urban PoliticsUrban Politics

• Political MachinesPolitical Machines– Informal political groupInformal political group

• Political BossesPolitical Bosses

• GraftGraft

• Tammany HallTammany Hall– William “Boss” TweedWilliam “Boss” Tweed

Gilded Age 1870 - 1900Gilded Age 1870 - 1900

• Mark TwainMark Twain

• Corruption, Poverty, Crime, Corruption, Poverty, Crime, Disparities between the rich and the Disparities between the rich and the poor.poor.

IndividualismIndividualism

• DefinitionDefinition

• Horatio AlgerHoratio Alger– Rags – to – Riches NovelsRags – to – Riches Novels

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism

• Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer

• Natural SelectionNatural Selection

• The Church and DarwinismThe Church and Darwinism

• ““Gospel of Wealth”Gospel of Wealth”– Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie– Those who profit from society, owed it something Those who profit from society, owed it something

in return.in return.

RealismRealism

• Descriptions of American LifeDescriptions of American Life

• Writing & ArtWriting & Art

Popular CulturePopular Culture

• Industrialism improved the standard Industrialism improved the standard of living.of living.

• SaloonsSaloons

• Amusement ParksAmusement Parks

• Baseball / FootballBaseball / Football

• Vaudeville & RagtimeVaudeville & Ragtime

Rebirth of ReformRebirth of Reform

• Lester Frank Ward (Dynamic)Lester Frank Ward (Dynamic)– Competition is wastefulCompetition is wasteful– Government should regulate economyGovernment should regulate economy

• NaturalismNaturalism– Challenged the thinking of Social Darwinists Challenged the thinking of Social Darwinists

and Realistsand Realists– Unregulation of economy and society did not Unregulation of economy and society did not

always have the best results.always have the best results.

Helping the Urban PoorHelping the Urban Poor

• Social Gospel 1870 – 1920Social Gospel 1870 – 1920• Salvation ArmySalvation Army• YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association)YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association)• RevivalismRevivalism• Settlement HousesSettlement Houses

– Jane AddamsJane Addams

• SchoolsSchools– AmericanizationAmericanization– Tuskegee Institute (Booker T. Washington)Tuskegee Institute (Booker T. Washington)