The Gilded Age - Industrialization, Urbanization Chapters 19-20.
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Transcript of The Gilded Age - Industrialization, Urbanization Chapters 19-20.
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The Gilded AgeThe Gilded Age - - Industrialization, Urbanization Industrialization, Urbanization
Chapters 19-20Chapters 19-20
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Sign of the Times:Sign of the Times:The Great DeflationThe Great Deflation
manufacturing manufacturing efficiencies efficiencies
Tight money policiesTight money policies
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““Necessity is the Mother of Invention”Necessity is the Mother of Invention”
homemade to factory madehomemade to factory made typewriter typewriter adding machineadding machine telephone telephone telegraphtelegraph railroadsrailroads
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Frank Zappa is also the Mother Frank Zappa is also the Mother of Inventionof Invention
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RailroadsRailroads
Expansion, post Civil War Expansion, post Civil War Bessemer process steelBessemer process steel Big names: Vanderbilt, Hill, Stanford, HarrimanBig names: Vanderbilt, Hill, Stanford, Harriman
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The Railroad BoomThe Railroad Boom
Build with free enterprise AND gov. Build with free enterprise AND gov. assistance such as:assistance such as:
Land grantsLand grants Financial assistanceFinancial assistance
Biggest Boost: Corporations with limited Biggest Boost: Corporations with limited liabilityliability
risk only money invested; not liable for risk only money invested; not liable for debts & problemsdebts & problems
Provided a great money making Provided a great money making opportunityopportunity
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Impact of the RRImpact of the RR
Standard time zones, track sizeStandard time zones, track size Standards established for moving Standards established for moving
goodsgoods Tech advancesTech advances Transportation needs met for both Transportation needs met for both
transport of people and goodstransport of people and goods
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““and up from the ground came a and up from the ground came a bubblin’ crude…oil that is…Black bubblin’ crude…oil that is…Black
Gold…Texas T”Gold…Texas T” 1859 Edwin Drake 1859 Edwin Drake
successfully drilled for successfully drilled for oiloil
PA, IN TXPA, IN TX Cleveland- first great Cleveland- first great
refining centerrefining center
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Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie1835-19191835-1919
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Andrew Carnegie & the era of Social Andrew Carnegie & the era of Social DarwinismDarwinism
Worked his way up the “ladder”Worked his way up the “ladder”- A Real-Life Ragged Dick- A Real-Life Ragged Dick
Became a model for industryBecame a model for industry The The Theory of Social DarwinismTheory of Social Darwinism
– Discuss Gospel of WealthDiscuss Gospel of Wealth– Discuss Progress & PovertyDiscuss Progress & Poverty
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J. Pierpont MorganJ. Pierpont Morgan
BornBornApril 17, 1837 April 17, 1837 Hartford, CTHartford, CT
DiedDiedMarch 31, 1913 March 31, 1913 Rome, ItalyRome, Italy
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Seize the OpportunitySeize the Opportunity Business Practices of the Gilded AgeBusiness Practices of the Gilded Age
Vertical IntegrationVertical Integration Control of production from raw mmaterials to finished Control of production from raw mmaterials to finished
productproduct Carnegie (steel); Gustavus Swift (livestock/cattle)Carnegie (steel); Gustavus Swift (livestock/cattle)
Horizontal IntegrationHorizontal Integration Control all of one stage of productionControl all of one stage of production
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John Davidson RockefellerJohn Davidson Rockefeller
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John D. Rockefeller & Monopoly John D. Rockefeller & Monopoly PowerPower
Wanted to control the world’s oil market, live to be Wanted to control the world’s oil market, live to be 100 100
Established Standard Oil of Ohio – Cleveland’s Established Standard Oil of Ohio – Cleveland’s leading oil company – with an eye on controlling leading oil company – with an eye on controlling the entire industrythe entire industry
By 1880 Standard Oil will control 95% of the oil By 1880 Standard Oil will control 95% of the oil marketmarket
Rockefeller believe he was just providing a service Rockefeller believe he was just providing a service that the American people wanted/neededthat the American people wanted/needed
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Rockefeller:Rockefeller:
1) Reap huge profits; re-invest; low pay for 1) Reap huge profits; re-invest; low pay for workers; undersell competitionworkers; undersell competition
3) Team up with the RR – cut overhead and 3) Team up with the RR – cut overhead and costs – both benefit. Today highly illegalcosts – both benefit. Today highly illegal
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The Great ImmigrationThe Great Immigration
A huge increase in immigration after the Civil WarA huge increase in immigration after the Civil War””
IrishIrish GermansGermans Yiddish-Speaking JewsYiddish-Speaking Jews Scandinavians (Swedes, Norwegians, Danes, FinnsScandinavians (Swedes, Norwegians, Danes, Finns
and even a few Icelanders and Faeroese)and even a few Icelanders and Faeroese) HungariansHungarians RussiansRussians ItaliansItalians SlavsSlavs EnglishEnglish
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Amerikavisan (Swedish Folk Song)
Bröder vi har långt att gåBröder vi har långt att gåÖver salta vatten Över salta vatten Å så finns Amerika Å så finns Amerika Invid andra strandenInvid andra stranden
Inte är det möjlikInte är det möjlikAch jo det är så frödelikAch jo det är så frödelikSkada att AmerikaSkada att AmerikaSkada att AmerikaSkada att AmerikaLigger skall så långt ifrånLigger skall så långt ifrån
Träden som på marken stå Träden som på marken stå Söter är som sockerSöter är som sockerLandet är av flickor fulltLandet är av flickor fulltDäjeliga docker!Däjeliga docker!
Let us go brothersLet us go brothersOver the salt water Over the salt water There’s AmerikaThere’s AmerikaOn the other shoreOn the other shore
Isn’t it wonderfulIsn’t it wonderfulYes it fabulousYes it fabulousToo bad that AmericaToo bad that AmericaToo bad that AmerikaToo bad that AmerikaIs so far awayIs so far away
Trees grow in the groundTrees grow in the groundSweet as sugarSweet as sugarThe place is full of girlsThe place is full of girlsMan, that’s great!Man, that’s great!
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Inte är det möjlikInte är det möjlikAk jo det är så frödelikAk jo det är så frödelikSkada att AmerikaSkada att AmerikaSkada att AmerikaSkada att AmerikaLigger skall så långt ifrånLigger skall så långt ifrån
Solen den går aldrig nedSolen den går aldrig nedSläkt i var jag människaSläkt i var jag människaHär är munterhet och sångHär är munterhet och sångKällare full ChampangjeKällare full Champangje
Inte är det möjlikInte är det möjlikAk jo det är så frödelikAk jo det är så frödelikSkada att AmerikaSkada att AmerikaSkada att AmerikaSkada att AmerikaLigger skall så långt ifrånLigger skall så långt ifrån
Isn’t it wonderfulIsn’t it wonderfulYes it fabulousYes it fabulousToo bad that AmericaToo bad that AmericaToo bad that AmerikaToo bad that AmerikaIs so far awayIs so far away
The Sun never setsThe Sun never setsAll your friends are there All your friends are there All is joy and songAll is joy and songCellars full of ChampagneCellars full of Champagne
Isn’t it wonderfulIsn’t it wonderfulYes it fabulousYes it fabulousToo bad that AmericaToo bad that AmericaToo bad that AmerikaToo bad that AmerikaIs so far awayIs so far away
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The American Workforce:The American Workforce: Immigrants ImpactImmigrants Impact
Workers came to alleviate labor shortageWorkers came to alleviate labor shortage
Workers slowly became prosperousWorkers slowly became prosperous
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F. W. Taylor and Taylorism F. W. Taylor and Taylorism
Aimed at increasing worker production in a Aimed at increasing worker production in a more efficient manner based on the idea of more efficient manner based on the idea of standardization.standardization.
Brings about a reduction in specializations; Brings about a reduction in specializations; thus making certain workers less valuable.thus making certain workers less valuable.
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Working ConditionsWorking Conditions
Long hours in dangerous conditionsLong hours in dangerous conditions 12 hours a day 6 or 7 days a week12 hours a day 6 or 7 days a week No workman’s compensationNo workman’s compensation No vacation timeNo vacation time No sick leaveNo sick leave No minimum wageNo minimum wage
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The Labor MovementThe Labor Movement
Knights of Labor-Knights of Labor-Terence PowderlyTerence Powderly AF of L - AF of L - Samuel Gompers ARU- Eugene V. Debs IWW (Wobblies)- Big Bill Haywood
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Striking WorkersStriking Workers
The Great Railway Strike (1877)The Great Railway Strike (1877)The Haymarket Affair (1886)The Haymarket Affair (1886)The Homestead Strike (1892)The Homestead Strike (1892)
The Pullman Strike (1892)The Pullman Strike (1892)
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Part IIIPart III
Bright Light – Big CityBright Light – Big CityThe Growth of America’s Cities at The Growth of America’s Cities at
the turn of the Centurythe turn of the Century
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The Growth of the CityThe Growth of the City
Physical Changes to the City LandscapePhysical Changes to the City Landscape Mass TransitMass Transit PavingPaving SewersSewers ParksParks City ServicesCity Services SkyscrapersSkyscrapers Electricity and gasElectricity and gas
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Flatiron BuildingFlatiron BuildingNew York CityNew York City
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Carson Pirie Scott Bldg.Carson Pirie Scott Bldg.(1903)(1903)1 South State St.1 South State St.Chicago, ILChicago, IL
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Hamm Building (1915)Hamm Building (1915)408 St. Peter St. St. Paul, MN408 St. Peter St. St. Paul, MN
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TenementsTenementsRow Houses Row Houses
3-Deckers3-Deckers
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The Suburban WorldThe Suburban World
Middle class workersMiddle class workers
Middle class managementMiddle class management The move to the suburbs represented an The move to the suburbs represented an
advance in living standards – more light, air, advance in living standards – more light, air, quiet, freedom to move, flush toilets, privacyquiet, freedom to move, flush toilets, privacy
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Minneapolis-St. Paul, 1880Minneapolis-St. Paul, 1880
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Baseball in the 19Baseball in the 19thth Century Century
Adrian “Cap” AnsonAdrian “Cap” Anson Honus WagnerHonus Wagner
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Baseball in the 19Baseball in the 19thth Century Century
Christopher Von der AheChristopher Von der Ahe““Old Hoss” RadbourneOld Hoss” Radbourne
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Status Quo Politics in the Gilded AgeStatus Quo Politics in the Gilded Age
Five Presidents between 1877-1893Five Presidents between 1877-1893 Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881) - RepublicanRutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881) - Republican James Garfield (1881) – Republican -assassinatedJames Garfield (1881) – Republican -assassinated Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885) -RepublicanChester A. Arthur (1881-1885) -Republican Grover Cleveland (1885-1889) -DemocratGrover Cleveland (1885-1889) -Democrat Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) -RepublicanBenjamin Harrison (1889-1893) -Republican
Little difference between the parties, or factions within te Little difference between the parties, or factions within te partiesparties
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Biggest Issues of the TimeBiggest Issues of the Time
Patronage & Spoils System ReformPatronage & Spoils System Reform 1883 Pendleton Act1883 Pendleton Act
Regulation of RailroadsRegulation of Railroads The TariffThe Tariff
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The PopulistsThe Populists Economics of the 1890’s (Depression of 1893)
– Farm foreclosures– Railroad bankruptcies– Stock market drop– Unemployment up– Farmers suffering in profits
Farmers needed organization & representation:The Grange Movement & Farmer’s Alliances:
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The Populist Platform in 1892The Populist Platform in 1892Omaha, NebraskaOmaha, Nebraska
Labor UnionsLabor Unions, which give a voice to workers, be , which give a voice to workers, be allowed to exist.allowed to exist.
Transportation & Communication,Transportation & Communication, owned by the owned by the governmentgovernment
LandLand, should be cheap, should be cheap BanksBanks owned by the government owned by the government Australian BallotAustralian Ballot 16-116-1 ratio of Silver to Gold in currency ratio of Silver to Gold in currency Graduated Income TaxGraduated Income Tax Direct Election of SenatorsDirect Election of Senators
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Election of 1896Election of 1896
William Jennings BryanWilliam Jennings Bryan (D)(D)
--supported bimetallismsupported bimetallism-Was supported by Populism-Was supported by Populism- Delivered “cross of gold Delivered “cross of gold
speech”speech”- Rep. called him radical, Rep. called him radical,
revolutionary, and revolutionary, and anarchisticanarchistic
William McKinleyWilliam McKinley (R) (R)- Gold bugGold bug- Front-porch campaign & Front-porch campaign &
Mark HannaMark Hanna- Called upon big business Called upon big business
and raised a lot of moneyand raised a lot of money- Wins election, but the door Wins election, but the door
is open for reform and is open for reform and eventual Progressivismeventual Progressivism
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Dorothy-Dorothy- Everyman – Everyman Everyman – Everyman
Uncle Henry & Auntie Em – Uncle Henry & Auntie Em – Lonely independent HomesteadersLonely independent Homesteaders
Hard working, little reward, everything is greyHard working, little reward, everything is grey
Wicked Witch of the WestWicked Witch of the West- the Railroads- the Railroads
Wicked Witch of the EastWicked Witch of the East-the Banks-the Banks
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MunchkinsMunchkins- Factory “slaves” to the big business- - Factory “slaves” to the big business- remember the Wicked Witch of the East had cast a spell on remember the Wicked Witch of the East had cast a spell on them making the Munchkins her subjects. Or the Indians?them making the Munchkins her subjects. Or the Indians?
Tin Woodman-Tin Woodman- Industrial worker who lost economic Industrial worker who lost economic independence because of factoriesindependence because of factories..
ScarecrowScarecrow-Farmers-Farmers
Lion-Lion- Bryan Bryan
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Wizard of OzWizard of Oz – any POTUS from Grant to McKinley - – any POTUS from Grant to McKinley - comes in comes in
various forms but essentially does the various forms but essentially does the same thing- same thing- nothing but smoke. nothing but smoke.
Yellow Brick RoadYellow Brick Road-- the Gold standard the Gold standard
Silver slippersSilver slippers (in the book they were silver) bimetallism (in the book they were silver) bimetallism Flying MonkeysFlying Monkeys – Pinkertons – Pinkertons
Emerald CityEmerald City-- Big Cities specifically Washington D.C. Big Cities specifically Washington D.C.