DNB PEDIATRICS

THEORY QUESTION BANK

(UPDATED TILL DECEMBER 2013)

“ U HAVE COME ON THIS PLANET TO GIVE SOMETHING; YOU HAVE NOTHING

TO TAKE FROM HERE.”

---- Sri Sri…

DR KAUSIK SUR / DR. NOELLA PEREIRA JOHN/ UPDATED BY DR.SANKET

AGRAWAL, DR. SHRIKANT JAGDALE, DR. ASHISH TITHE

MBBS, PEDIATRIC RESIDENTS

DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRICS

WANLESS HOSPITAL AND MIRAJ MEDICAL CENTRE

MIRAJ, SANGLI, MAHARASHTRA

e-mail- drsanketagrawal@gmail.com

drshreej@gmail.com

HOW TO INTERPRET THE QUESTIONS:

1. Questions are divided based on Chapters of Nelsons Textbook of

Pediatrics

2. Questions contain two numbers at the end. Numbers within bracket

indicates the year. For example (97/1)- 97means year 1997

1 means June (2 means December)

Thus (06/1) means June 2006

3. Number at the end of the question(not within bracket) indicates marks

1 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

1. Approach to a child with Delayed Speech (02/1) 15

2. Discuss the causes and approach to a Preschool child with

Developmental Regression (02/1) 25

3. Growth Monitoring (98/1) 15

4. What are the developmental disorders in preschool years? Discuss the

management (97/1) 15

5. Velocity and cross-sectional standards as applied to Human Growth

(95/2) 15

6. Discuss the basis for use of Growth Standards. What should be taken as

a reasonable approach for India (94/2) 25

7. Principles of Growth and Development (00/1) 15

8. Importance of Bone age assessment in children 15

9. Growth Factors (99/1) 15

10. Sexual Maturity Rating in female adolescents (95/2) 15

11. Describe the events of sexual development in relation to physical

growth. Name the most important regulatory factors (94) 25

12. Gessel Developmental schedule (93/1) 15

13. Define Growth, Development, Velocity of growth mean, median,

percentiles. Enumerate causes of retarded growth. Briefly outline a

schedule for investigation of such a case (92/2) 25

14. Factors affecting Development of children (92) 15

15. SMR (03/2)

16. What is SMR? Discuss the secular trend in Children (05/2) 5+5

17. How would you assess sexual maturity of a female adolescent

(06)10

18. Factors affecting Adolescent health and development (06) 10

19. Write the height velocity curves of girls and boys from birth to

adolescence, describe the principles and factors governing the growth

and development in children (06) 10

20. Approach to a child with short stature (06/1) (07/2) 10

21. Bone age assessment and its usefulness (07/2) 10

22. Growth and development in second year of life in children

(07/1) 10

23. Outline the basic principles of sleep hygiene for children and

adolescents (09/1) 10 (12/1) 5+5

24. Describe: (09/2) 5+5

a) Factors affecting child development

b) Developmental screening tests available and suitable for use in

Indian

children.

25. Developmental milestones in first two years of life. (10/1) 10

26. Outline the fine motor milestones along with their normal age of

achievement in sequence attained between birth and 5 years of age. (10/2) 10

27. Discuss the evolution and characteristics of WHO growth charts. Discuss

their implications on the magnitude of malnutrition in Indian setting.

(11/1)3+4+3

28. Enumerate the available methods and indications for determination of

bone age in children and adolescents. Outline the differential diagnosis of a

child with short stature on the basis of bone age. (11/1) 3+3+4

29. Describe Tanner’s Sexual Maturity Rating (pubertal staging) in boys based

on a) Genitalia and b) Pubic hair development. (11/2) 5+5

30. Describe in detail the physical growth and development in all domains

from birth till completion of first year. (11/2) 5+5

31. What is developmental delay? Describe different tools used for screening

of developmental delay. (11/2) 3+7

32. Define growth velocity. Draw a typical height velocity curve from birth to

puberty for boys and girls. Discuss the utility of determining growth velocity.

(12/1) 2+4+4

33. What is developmental screening? Enumerate common developmental

screening test. What issues they identify in a child? (12/1) 2+4+4

34. Define puberty and adolescence. Enumarate biological and cognitive

developmental changes in middle adolescence. Mention the implication of

these changes for parents and pediatricians.(12/2) 2+6+2

35. Define Short stature and enumerate important causes of short stature in

children. Discuss briefly role of Different anthropometric measurement in

diagnosis of short stature.(12/2) (1+4)+5

36. Enumerate the clinical and anthropometric criteria for diagnosis of SAM.

Discuss principles of Mn of SAM in a 18 mnth old baby who also has a watery

diarrhea. (13/1) 3+7

37. Define short stature. Outline the approach to clinical evaluation and Mn.

(13/1) 2+8

38. Define developmental delay and developmental dissociation. Outline the

screening and definitive tests for diagnosis of developmental delay. (13/1)5+5

39.What is global developmental delay?what are the common causes of GDD?

Discuss algorithmic approach to evaluate a child with GDD. (13/2)2+3+5

40. A 5yr old boy has attained height of 137cm. wht could be the causes for

this situation and which specific clinical pointers may be useful in determining

the cause. How will u evaluate this child for underlying endocrinal disorder.

(13/2)6+4

2 PSYCHOLOGIC DISORDERS

PSYCHOSOMATIC ILLNESS

1. Management of Conversion reactions (98/1) 15

VEGETATIVE DISORDER

1. Sleep Disorders in children (99/2) 10

2. Encopresis (99/2) 15

3. What is Vegetative Disorder (05) 5

4. What is vegetative disorder? Discuss management of a child with

injuries (05) 5+5

5. Rumination (06/1) 5

6. Pica (07/1) 5

HABIT DISORDER

1. Habit Disorders in children (07/1) 10

MOOD DISORDER

1. Childhood Depression (06) 10

DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS

1. Common Behavioral problems in children (97/2) 15

PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER AND CHILDHOOD PSYCHOSIS

1. Autism (03/2) 15

2. Define autism. Outline its etiology. Outline the clinical markers of autism

and its prognosis. (04/2) 2+3+3+2

3. Discuss the management of a child with schizophrenia (04/2) 5

4. Autistic spectrum disorder (07/2) 10

5. Autistic Disorder (07/1) 10

6. Etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment of Autistic Disorder

(06/1) 10

7. Discuss the management of a child with Schizophrenia (05) 5

8. Describe the etiology, clinical manifestations and management of

autistic spectrum disorders in children. (09/2) 2+3+5

9. Discuss briefly the diagnostic features and management of Pervasive

Developmental Disorders/ autistic spectrum disorders. (11/2) 4+6

10. Enumerate various pervasive developmental disorders and

autism spectrum disorders. Outline one core feature of each of them.

(12/1) 5+5

11. Define autistic spectrum disorders. Enumerate their clinical

features and discuss Mx. (13/2)2+4+4

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DYSFUNCTION IN THE SCHOOL AGED CHILD

1. Attention Deficit Disorders (97/1) (95/2) (00/1) 15

2. ADHD (03/1) 15

3. Describe clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of ADHA

(06) 10

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Juvenile Delinquency (06/1) 5

3 SOCIAL ISSUES, CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL HEALTH NEEDS

FAILURE TO THRIVE

1. Causes of Failure to Thrive in infancy (96/2) 15

2. Approach to a child with Failure To Thrive (96/1) 14

3. Define failure to thrive. Outline a diagnostic approach for a child with

failure to thrive. (04/2) 2+8

4. Non organic failure to thrive (07/1) 10

5. Define failure to thrive. Give its etiology, classification, clinical features

and management. (09/2) 1+2+2+2+3

6. Define failure to thrive and tabulate its causes. Outline the approach to

manage a child with failure to thrive. (10/2) 2+3+5

ADOPTION

1. Adoption (03/2)

CHILD ABUSE

1. Define child abuse. List the etiology of child abuse in India. Outline

strategies for prevention. (04/2)

2. Discuss Child maltreatment. What are the factors related with child

abuse (05) 5+5

3. Define Child Abuse. Describe clinical manifestations of Child Abuse.

Discuss some useful investigations in a suspected case of Child Abuse

(06) 10

4. Management of the sex abused child (95/2) 15

6. Define child abuse. Describe in brief the factors responsible for child

abuse. Outline management of a child who is suspected of being abused.

(11/1) 2+3+5

7. Define child abuse and neglect. Discuss various clinical manifestations,

diagnostic work up and management of physical abuse. (11/2) 2+3+2+3

8. Write short notes on : (09/2) 5+5

a. Female infanticide

b. Karyotyping

MENTAL RETARDATION

1. Preventable and treatable causes of Mental retardation (96/2) 10

2. Various physical features that are likely to be associated with specific

syndromes of mental retardation (95/2) 10

3. Enumerate the causes of mental retardation in children. Give an outline

of management of a child with mental retardation. (10/1) 4+6

4 NUTRITION

PEM

1. Immunological changes that take place in PEM (98/2) 10

2. Biochemical changes in PEM (96/2) 10

3. Discuss the influences of malnutrition on mental functions in relation to

its onset, severity and type of functional losses with supportive

advances (93/1) 25

4. Prevention of hypocalcaemia in PEM (93/1) 15

5. Age independent Anthropometric criteria for assessment of PEM (06) 5

6. Management of a 4 year old child with grade 4 PEM (07/2) 10

7. Outline the initial management ( in first 48 hours) of a 2 year old

severely malnourished child (weight 5.5kg) who is cold to touch and has

edema and poor peripheral pulses. (08/1) 10

8. Discuss biochemical and metabolic derangements in a child with severe

malnutrition. Discuss factors associated with high mortality in severe

PEM. (08/2) 10

9. Outline the 10 steps of management of severe malnutrition, as per WHO

guidelines, in appropriate sequence. (10/2) 10

10. Define ‘Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)’. Outline the tools for its

diagnosis in the community and discuss their merits/ demerits. (12/1)

2+4+4

VIT A

1. Hazards and virtues of Vitamin A in pediatric practice (96/2) 10

2. Vitamin A supplementation (07/1) 5

3. Enumerate functions of vitamin A in human body. Tabulate the WHO

classification of vitamin A defiency. Outline the treatment schedule for

managing Xerophthalmia in children. (10/2) 2+3+5

4. Describe the role of VIT A in health and disease . Enumarate CF of vit A

deficiency and its Rx(12/2) 4+(3+3)

VIT B

1. Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and management

of cobalamine deficiency. (12/1) 2+3+1+4

VIT D

1. Functions of vitamin D (98/2) 10

2. Renal Rickets (97/2) 15

3. Vitamin D Resistant Rickets (96/2) 12

4. Resistant Rickets 15

5. Outline the metabolism and function of Vitamin D in human body.

Describe in detail the etiology and pathological changes in rickets

(99/2) 25

6. Clinical manifestations of Rickets (93/2) 10

7. What are the causes of non nutritional rickets. How will you manage

such a child. (04/2) 3+7

8. Classify the various causes of rickets and outline how to differentiate

them (05) 5+5

9. Diagnostic approach to a child with resistant rickets (06) 10

10. Resistant Rickets (06/1) 10

11. Discuss calcium and vitamin D metabolism. Outline an approach

to a case of Resistant Rickets (07/1) 10

12. Discuss the pathophysiological basis of clinical and radiological

manifestations of nutritional rickets. (09/1) 10

13. Describe vitamin D metabolism. Describe diagnostic approach to a

3 year old child with rickets who has shown no response to treatment

with 6 lac I.U. of vitamin D. (09/2) 4+6

14. Outline the clinical features, radiological changes, diagnosis and

treatment of nutritional vitamin D deficiency rickets (10/2) 2+2+2+4

15. Write in brief the role of vitamin D in health and disease in

children. Outline the management of Vitamin D deficiency disorder.

(12/1) 6+4

VIT C

1. Scurvy- radiological changes. How are they produced? What is the role

of Blood Level of Vit C in the diagnosis (05) 10

VIT E

1. Enumerate the functions and therapeutic uses of Vit E (98/1) 15

2. Vitamin E and its role in human nutrition (92/2) 15

VITAMINS

1. Hypervitaminosis in Children (96/1) 12

COPPER

1. What are the dietary sources of copper? What are the diseases associated

with abnormal copper metabolism? Describe investigations, clinical features

and treatment of any one of them. (09/2) 1+2+7

ZINC

1. Effects of Zinc supplementation in persistent diarrhea (98/2) 10

2. Role of Zinc in health and diseases of children (97/1) 10

3. Relevance of Zinc in human nutrition (92) 15

4. Give dietary requirements of Zinc in children and discuss its role in

childhood immunity and infections (07/1) 10

5. Write short notes on: Zinc supplementation – when and how? (11/2) 5

MAGNESIUM

1. Sources, deficiency state and uses of magnesium in children. (10/1) 3+3+4

MILK

1. Bioactive factors in Human Milk (98/1) 15

2. Differences in the composition of Milk secreted by mothers delivering

Term and Preterm babies (96/2) 10

3. Discuss the physiology of Breast Milk secretion and advantages of

breast feeding with special reference to metabolic aspects. What are the

causes of lactation failure (99/1) 25

4. Anti-infective properties of Human milk (95/2) 10

5. Enlist the problems of breastfeeding and outline the management of the

same(05) 4+6

6. Explain the occurrence of low prevalence of Hypoglycemia and iron

deficiency anemia in breast fed infants (05) 10

7. How would you assess the adequacy of breast milk for a 2 months old

baby. Enumerate 4 features of good attachment of a baby to the breast.

What can be the problems with poor attachment (06) 10

8. Compare the composition of human milk with cow’s milk. Outline the

difference in the milk composition of a mother with a premature

neonate from that of a term neonate. Describe the immunological

factors present in human milk. (08/2) 10

IODINE

1. Prevention of Iodine deficiency (95/1) 15

FLUORINE

1. Prevention of Fluoride toxicity (95/1) 15

OBESITY

1. Approach to a child with obesity (99/1) 15

2. Define obesity in childhood. List the causes of obesity in children.

Outline strategies for its prevention. (04/2) 2+3+5

3. What is Obesity? Discuss the management in children (05) 3+7

4. Approach to a child with Obesity (06/1) (07/2) 10

5. Outline the diagnostic measures and clinical manifestations of obesity.

Enlist the differential diagnosis of childhood obesity. (09/2) 2+3+5

6. Define syndrome X. Outline the diagnostic criteria and laboratory work

up for obese children. (10/1) 2+3+5

7. Define obesity. List causes of obesity. Discuss approach to a child with

obesity. (11/1) 2+3+5

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Metabolism of fat absorption along with role of MCT in nutrition (03/1)

15

2. What is Complimentary Feeding? Discuss the feeding problems in first

year of life (05) 5+5

3. How would you assess the nutritional status of a child whose age is not

known (05) 10

4. Describe the attributes of complimentary feeding. What is the safe age

of introduction of complementary feeding in your opinion – Justify.

Describe some foods appropriate for complimentary feeding. (08/2) 10

5. Daily nutritional requirements as recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)

in infants and children. (10/1) 5+5

6. Define complimentary feeding. Outline the attributes of complimentary

foods. Enumerate the recommendations on complimentary feeding, as

per the National guidelines on Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF)

(10/2) 2+2+6

7. Name the micronutrients required for various body functions. Discuss

briefly their dietary sources and the effects of deficiency of mineral

micronutrients (trace elements). (11/2) 3+2+5

8. Outline the nutritional support of a critically ill child. List the

complications during management of such a child. (12/1) 7+3

5 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BODY FLUIDS AND FLUID THERAPY ACUTELY ILL

CHULD

SHOCK

1. How do you classify Shock in children? Write its aetiopathogenesis and

management (06) 10

2. Discuss the classification and causes of shock in children (97/1) 15

3. Management of Cardiogenic shock (96/1) 12

4. Define Shock. Describe the pathophysiology and management of septic

shock in children (94/2) 25 (04/2) 5+5

5. Shock-pathogenesis of different types and pathological changes in

different organs (03/1) 25

6. Discuss the management of an infant with Shock (00/1) 25

7. Discuss the pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock. How are the various

hemodynamic parameters affected in cardiogenic shock? Discuss steps

in monitoring and treatment of cardiogenic shock. (08/2) 10

8. Define fluid refractory shock. Describe the management strategy for a 2

year old child with fluid refractory shock. (10/1) 3+7

9. Define septic shock. Describe the etiopathogenesis and clinical features in a

15 month old child presenting with septic shock. (11/2) 2+4+4

10. Discuss the pathophysiology of septic shock describe the

international consensus definition for pediatric sepsis. (13/1)5+5

11. Define SIRD, sepsis,severe sepsis and septic shock. Discuss the Mx

of Septic shock. (13/2)2+4+4

POTASSIUM

1. List the causes of Hypokalemia. Discuss the clinical features, laboratory

diagnosis and management of Hypokalemia (06) 10

2. Define hypokalemia. Enlist its causes and outline clinical features and its

treatment (09/2) 1+3+2+4

3. Discuss the diagnostic algorithm for investigating persistent

hypokalemia in a child. (13/2)10

SODIUM

1. List the causes of Hyponatremia. Discuss the clinical features, lab

diagnosis and management of Hyponatremia (05) 3+4+3

2. Enumerate common causes of Hyponatremia (06) 5

3. Define hypernatremia. Describe the pathophysiological changes and

steps of management of hypernatremia. (10/1) 2+4+4

4. Define hyponatremia. Enumerate the etiology of hyponatremia.

Describe the management of hypovolemic hyponatremia. (10/2) 2+3+5

5. Define hypernatremia. Enumerate the etiology of hypernatremia.

Describe the management of hypernatremic dehydration. (11/1) 3+4+3

ACID-BASE BALANCE

1. Anion Gap (98/2) (00/1) 10

2. Describe briefly how the acid-base balance of body is maintained in

health (98/1) 25

3. Physiological compensatory mechanisms during Metabolic Acidosis

(97/1) 15

4. Define pH and base excess. Discuss briefly regulation of Acid-base

homeostasis and management of Respiratory Acidosis (93/1) 15

5. Pathophysiology of Acid-base disorders (03/1) 15

6. Anion Gap (03/2) 15

7. Define anion gap and its utility. Outline the major causes of metabolic

acidosis in children. Outline the treatment of renal tubular acidosis. (04/2)

2+4+4

8. Outline the normal mechanism of acid-base regulation in children. What

is anion-gap? Describe the causes and management of a child with

metabolic acidosis (07/2) 10

9. List the causes of metabolic alkalosis. Describe the pathophysiology,

clinical features and treatment. (08/2) 10

10. Classify metabolic acidosis based on anion gap. Mention the

various causes of lactic acidosis. Describe the approach to diagnosis of

inborn error of metabolism in an infant. (08/2) 10

11. Classify and enlist the causes of metabolic alkalosis. Outline the

treatment modalities. (10/1) 3+3+4

12. Define anion gap. Enlist causes of increased anion gap acidosis

and discuss its management in brief. (11/1) 2+3+5

DEHYDRATION

1. Steps in management of patient with Hypernatremic Dehydration (06)

10

2. Management of Hypernatremic Dehydration (02/1) 15

3. Management of Acute Diarrhea in children (98/1) 15

4. Pathogenesis and Management of Hypernatremic Dehydration (97/2)

15

5. One year old infant with AGE develops Abdominal Distension. Discuss

the differential diagnosis (97/1) 10

6. Why children are more vulnerable to develop dehydration (96/2) 10

7. Hypernatremic Dehydration (03/1) 15

8. Hyponatremic Dehydration (03/2) 15

9. A one year old infant weighing 5.5kg presents with Acute Dysentery and

severe dehydration. Discuss its complete management (06/1) 10

10. A one year old baby weighing 5.5kg comes in severe dehydration.

Discuss complete management (07/2) 10

11. Discuss causes, predisposing factors and pathophysiology of

Hypernatremic dehydration in young children (07/1) 10

12. Describe the pathophysiology of hyponatremic dehydration.

Briefly discuss the management of a child with serum sodium of 110

meq/liter presenting with moderate dehydration and seizures. (08/2)

10

6 ACUTELY ILL CHILD

1. Discuss recent changes in guidelines of resuscitation new born and

older children with rationale for the change. (13/1)10

DROWNING

1. Near drowning in children (06) 10

2. An 18 month old child was brought to you after he fell upside down in a

tub filled with water. Briefly describe the possible injuries and

preventive strategies to avoid similar situation in future. (08/1) 10

3. Describe the pathogenetic mechanism of injury in near drowning.

Discuss the steps of initial resuscitation and subsequent hospital

management. (08/2) 10

4. Discuss the pathophysiology of submersion injury. A 4 year old boy was

rescued 10 min back from a pond and rushed to the hospital emergency.

Mention the basic principles of management. (12/1) 5+5

PAIN

1. Pathogenesis and management of pain in children (06) 10

2. Pain management in infants and children (98/1) 15

3. Enumerate various sedatives and analgesics recommended for children

undergoing painful procedures. Describe their main action, indication in

pediatric practice and important side – effects in a tabular format.

(08/1) 10

4. Write short notes: (12/1) 5+5

a)Non-pharmacological methods in pain management.

b) Drug therapy in neonatal pain management.

BURN

1. How is the degree of Burns classified? Write the initial fluid therapy for

a one year old child weighing 10 kg with 20% 2ND degree burns (06) 10

2. Provide classification of burns injury. Describe the clinical manifestation

of electrical burns. Outline emergency management of a child with 20%

burns. (11/2) 2+3+5

COLD INJURIES

1. Cold Injury (07/1) 10

BRAIN DEATH

1. Brain Death (98/1) (99/2) 15

2. Define Brain Death. Write age specific criteria for Brain Death in

children. (11/2) 2+8

P.A.L.S.

1. Draw an algorithm for managing pulseless ventricular tachycardia and

ventricular fibrillation. (08/1) 10

2. How will you assess that a 10 year old child who has fallen unconscious

in front of you required basic life support. What are the steps for basic life

support to such a child (as per American Heart Association Guidelines for

CPR) (09/1) 3+7

MECHANICAL VENTILATION

1. Describe the various pressures which are used or varied during mechanical

ventilation. What is ‘Cycling’ and ‘Control’ in mechanical ventilator? Describe

the differences in pressure controlled and volume controlled ventilation.

Illustrate with suitable indication use of these forms of ventilation. (08/2) 10

7 GENETICS

1. Genetic counseling of a case of Down Syndrome (99/1) 15

2. Early stimulation in Down syndrome (92/2) 15

3. Prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome and Duchenne Muscular

Dystrophy 15

4. Gene Therapy in Children (06/1) 10

5. Gene therapy (07/1) 5

6. Enumerate and describe the structural abnormalities of autosomes.

Illustrate with suitable examples. (08/1) 10

7. What are trisomies? What are predisposing factors? Discuss clinical

features of 3 common trisomies seen in clinical practice? (08/1) 10

8. Describe the symbols used in pedigree chart. Draw pedigree charts over

4 generations depicting a) X – linked dominant disease b) X – linked

recessive disease.

9. Briefly discuss the principles of genetic counseling. Outline the

counseling of a family with a child with Down’s syndrome. (04/2) 5+5

10. A couple has a child with Down Syndrome. Outline the principles

of genetic counseling and antenatal management for the subsequent

pregnancy.(09/1)10

11. Write a short note: Karyotyping (09/2) 5

12. What are mutations? Describe their consequences. (10/1) 5+5

13. Discuss the genotypic and phenotypic features of Turner’s

syndrome (11/1) 4+6

14. What are mitochondrial genes? How are they transmitted? Briefly

discuss diseases transmitted by them? (11/2) 2+2+6

15. Define and explain the mechanism of following chromosomal

anomalies(12/2) 2*5

a. Inversion

b. Isochromosome

c. Anaphase lag

d. Mosaicism

e. Genomic imprinting

16. short notes

a. ANC screening for Downs

b. Immediate and late problems d/t LBW (13/1) 5+5

17. Enumerate classic and non classic forms of genetic inheritance.

Discuss in brief characteristics of autosomal recessive inheritance.

Illustrate with a pedigree chart. (13/1)5+3+2

18. Enumerate classic and non classic forms of genetic

inheritance.describe the characteristics of autosomal recessive

inheritance with a pedigree chart . (13/2) 2+2+6

8 METABOLIC DISEASES

1. Screening tests for Inborn Errors Of Metabolism (96/2) 10

2. Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (96/1) 12

3. Homocysteinuria (94/2) 15

4. Discuss the diet plan in various metabolic disorders (99/1) 15

5. Write briefly about glucose metabolism in body. Describe briefly

glycogen storage disorders. (04/2) 4+6

6. Laboratory Screening tests for metabolic Disorders (06/1) 10

7. Provide a diagrammatic representation of urea cycle. Indicate and name

related disorders of urea cycle metabolism at each step. (08/1) 10

8. Discuss the enzymes replacement therapy and substrate reduction

strategies in management of metabolic disease. (08/2) 10

9. Enlist the inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) with their associated

peculiar odor. Provide the investigative approach for an infant with

suspected IEM. Describe the treatment of phenylketonuria. (09/2)

4+4+2

10. Define hypoglycemia. Describe clinical features and management

of hypoglycemia in newborn and children. (11/2) 1+4+5

9 NEONATOLOGY

RESPIRATORY DISTRESS

1. Describe the surgical causes of Respiratory difficulty in newborn (02/1)

25

2. Surfactant therapy (98/2) 10

3. Meconium Aspiration Syndrome(97/2) 15

4. BPD (97/1) 15

5. Surfactant therapy for HMD 15

6. Tests for pulmonary maturity and surfactant therapy for RDS (94/2) 15

7. Discuss RDS with special reference to surfactant therapy (98/2) 15

8. Discuss the pathogenesis and management of MAS (00/1) 25

9. Pathophysiology of RDS of newborn (94) 15

10. HMD- pathophysiology and management (03/1) 25

11. List the causes of respiratory distress in preterms. Outline the

principles of surfactant therapy in preterms. Outline the manifestations

of oxygen therapy in newborns. (04/2) 2+4+4

12. What is the etiopathogenesis of PPHN of Newborn. Outline the

diagnosis and management (05) 3+3+4

13. Describe in brief PPHN (or PFC) with regard to Pathology,

pathophysiology, Diagnosis and management (94/2) 25

14. What is the sequence of events leading to the first breath after

delivery? What is the significance of establishment of Functional

Residual Capacity? (06) 10

15. Etiology, pathogenesis and management of a neonate with RDS

(06/1) 10

16. PPHN (06/1) 10

17. Briefly discuss normal fetal development of Surfactant. List the

uses of Surfactant in newborn (07/2) 10

18. Discuss the diagnosis and management of PPHN (07/2)

19. Enumerate causes of persistent pulmonary hypertension in

neonates and discuss its pathophysiology. (08/1) 10

20. Discuss the approach to diagnosis of Persistent Pulmonary

Hypertension of Newborn (PPHN). Outline the available modalities of

management, highlighting their key features in a tabular format. (10/2)

4+6

21. Discuss the pathophysiology of hyaline membrane disease in

premature newborns. (10/2) 10

22. Describe the pathophysiology of hyaline membrane disease

(HMD) in newborns. Outline important available strategies to prevent

HMD. (11/1) 5+5

23. Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis and Mx of Persistent

Pulmonary Hypertention in Newborn. (12/2) 2+2+6

24. Discuss attributes, complications and monitoring of TTN in

newborn (13/1) 10

SURGICAL

1. Enumerate congenital anomalies presenting as severe respiratory

distress in a newborn. Describe the pre-operative and post operative

care of a neonate with tracheo – esophageal fistula. (10/1) 4+3+3

2. Enumerate causes of persistent vomiting in a 4 week old child. Describe

clinical features and management of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

(12/1) 3+3+4

RESUCITATION

1. How do you assign APGAR score to a neonate. In which 5 conditions will

you get a low score without associated hypoxia? What are fallacies of

APGAR score. (06) 10

2. A term baby is apnoeic. What information of the perinatal events you

would like to know? What are the initial steps of management in the

labor room? What are the possible complications in the next 48 hours?

(08/2) 10

3. Describe the changes taking place in circulation at birth and their

implications in neonatal resuscitation. (09/1) 5+5

4. Enumerate the newer recommendations of neonatal resuscitation by

American Academy of Pediatrics 2010 guidelines. Comment on the level

of evidence for each of the changes. (12/1) 6+4

BIRTH ASPHYXIA

1. Perinatal asphyxia- clinical features and management (02/1) 15

2. HIE (97/2) 15

3. Clinical and laboratory correlates of neuromotor outcome in Birth

Asphyxia (97/1) 10

4. Discuss the etiopathology and management of birth asphyxia (96/2) 25

5. HIE in newborn (95/1) 10

6. Discuss briefly pathophysiology and recent modalities of management

of HIE (99/2) 25

7. HIE (93/1) (92/2) 15

8. Prognosis of Birth Asphyxia (93/1) 10

9. What are the etiological causes of Fetal Hypoxia? Write pathophysiology

of Fetal Hypoxia. Describe stages of HIE (06) 10

10. Pathophysiology of Hypoxic Brain injury in neonate (06/1) 10

11. Discuss the pathophysiology of hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

(HIE) in neonates. (09/1) 10

Define HIE in neonate. Outline newer modalities in Mx. (12/2) 2+8

12. Discuss etiology, pathophysiology, cf, and Mx of HIE.

(13/2)2+2+2+4

NEONATAL SEIZURES

1. Etiopathogenesis of neonatal seizures (02/1) 15

2. Management of Resistant Neonatal Seizure (03/2) 15

3. Classify neonatal seizures. Outline their etiology and provide a brief

clinical description. Provide general principles of management of a

seizure in neonate. (12/1) 2+2+3+3

IVH

1. IVH (3/1) 15

2. Outline the risk factors, pathophysiology and principles of management

of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates. (10/2) 3+3+4

3. Discuss the pathogenesis of intracranial hemorrhage in newborn

infants. Outline the possible promoters and protectors for occurrence of

subsequent white matter disease. (12/1) 6+2+2

PAIN

1. Discuss the impact of pain on a preterm neonate. Identify common

procedures associated with pain in a newborn. Describe the strategies for pain

management in a newborn. (08/2) 10

2. Write short notes: (12/1) 5+5

a)Non-pharmacological methods in pain management.

b) Drug therapy in neonatal pain management.

NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA

1. Management of neonatal hypoglycemia (98/2) (92/2) 10

2. Define Hypoglycemia in newborn. List its causes. Describe stepwise

treatment if hypoglycemia in a newborn (06) 10

3. Define hypoglycemia in a newborn. Enlist the etiology and outline the

Mx of Hypoglycemia in a newborn,(12/2) 2+(3+5)

TEMPERATURE

1. Thermal regulation in newborn (98/2) 10

2. Hypothermia in the newborn (97/1) 15

3. Thermoregulation peculiarities in newborn (94/2) 15

4. Prevention of Hypothermia in the newborn (98/2) 15

5. Physiological and biochemical consequences of Hypothermia in

Neonate3 (99/1) 15

6. Thermal balance in Neonates (03/2) 15

7. Discuss management of Neonatal Hypothermia (06) 5

8. Write the components, pre-requisites and benefits of Kangaroo Mother

care. (08/2) 10 , (11/2) 5+2+3

9. Discuss the principles of care of the skin in neonates. Outline the role of

touch and massage therapy in newborn infants. (10/2) 4+3+3

10. describe the advantages and methods of giving KMC. enlist

metabolic consequences of hypoyhermia. (13/1) 4+4+2

ANTENATAL DIAGNOSIS

1. Antenatal Diagnosis (98/2) 10

2. Discuss the methods of detection of congenital malformations in the

fetus and their prevention (95/1) 25

3. Intrauterine Diagnosis (93/2) 10

4. Amniocentesis in prenatal diagnosis (92) 15

5. Methods to diagnose fetal disorder. Fetal medical therapy (05) 5+5

6. List various methods for Fetal diagnosis and assessment along with

indications (06) 5

7. Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal therapy (06/1) 10

8. Medical management of Fetal Problems (07/2) 10

9. Treatment and prevention of fetal diseases (07/1) 10

10. What are the methods of diagnosis of fetal disorders? Describe the

fetal medical and surgical therapeutic options for various fetal

disorders. (09/2) 10

FETUS

1. Describe in detail tests for antepartum and intrapartum monitoring of

fetal distress (06) 5

2. Fetal monitoring (06) 10

3. Discuss the complications in the fetus and newborn of a mother with

diabetes during pregnancy. (08/1) 10

4. Outline the methods of assessing fetal well being with their clinical

indications. (13/2)

5. Discuss perinatal complications of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy

and prevention of these complications. (13/2)7+3

RENAL

1. Kidney functions in neonate (98/2) (99/2) 10

INFECTIONS

1. Infection control in neonatal intensive care (98/2) 10

2. Congenital toxoplasmosis (97/2) 15

3. Infants of HIV seropositive mothers (95/1) 15

4. Infants of HBV seropositive mothers (95/1) 15

5. Early diagnosis of Neonatal Septicemia (94/2) 15

6. Newer modalities in the management of neonatal sepsis (99/2) 15

7. Screening tests for neonatal sepsis 15

8. Prevention of Mother to Child transmission of Hep B 15

9. Rapid diagnostic tests in a suspected case of Neonatal Septicemia (95/2)

10

10. Sepsis Screen in neonates (06/1) 10

11. Antibiotic treatment of Neonatal Meningitis (93/2) 10

12. Candidiasis in Neonates (06) 10

13. Adjuvant therapy in Neonatal sepsis (06) 10

14. Differential Diagnosis of Neonatal sepsis (07/1) 10

15. Discuss various adjunct therapies in neonatal sepsis. (08/1) 10

16. Discuss the risk factors for vertical transmission of HIV infection and

methods to prevent parent to child transmission of HIV. (09/1) 4+6

17. Discuss the predisposing factors, causative agents, methods of

diagnosis and treatment of neonatal osteomyelitis. (09/1) 4+6

18.A 3 day old home delivered boy (Weight 1450g, Gestation 36 wk) is

brought to you with abnormal body movements and not accepting

feeds. The child is cold to touch and capillary filling time is 5 sec. outline

the immediate, short –term and long term management of this child.

(09/1) 4+6

19. Enumerate the clinical features that indicate presence of a possible intra

-uterine infection in a neonate. Describe the interpretation of TORCH

screen. (09/2) 6+4

20.Clinical features, investigations and prevention of Congenital Rubella

Syndrome. (10/1) 3+3+4

21.Outline the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of a

neonate with intrauterine CMV infection. (11/1) 3+4+3

22.Discuss the available strategies for prevention of mother to child

transmission of HIV. (12/1) 10

SFD

1. Immune status of SFD babies (98/1) 15

2. Factors associated with IUGR (93/1) 10

3. Enumerate the etiology of fetal or intrauterine growth retardation

(IUGR). Describe the screening and diagnosis of IUGR. (11/2) 3+4+3

APNEA OF PREMATURITY

1. Pathophysiology of Apnea Of Prematurity (97/2) 15

2. A 10 day old preterm neonate has recurrent cessation of breathing

lasting for more than 20 seconds with bradycardia. Classify and

enumerate causes for this condition. Discuss in brief the management of

this condition. (12/1) 4+6

RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY

1. ROP (07/1) 10

2. Enlist the risk factors in ROP. Mention the Stages of ROP. Outline the Mx

and Prevention of ROP.(12/2)3+3+4

OSTEOPENIA OF PREMATURITY

1. Osteopenia of prematurity (06) 10

NEONATAL JAUNDICE

1. A 3 week old infant brought to the hospital with moderate jaundice.

Discuss the Diagnosis (97/2) 10

2. Kernicterus (97/1) 15

3. Pathogenesis of kernickterus (96/2) 10

4. Discuss the Bilirubin metabolism and list the causes and approach to

Diagnosis of Hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate (00/1) 25

5. Discuss reasons for Physiological Jaundice in a Newborn. Define and list

causes of pathological jaundice in a newborn. Discuss clinical

manifestations (acute and chronic)of kernickterus (06) 10

6. Outline the normal metabolism of bilirubin. Outline the principle of

phototherapy for treatment of neonatal jaundice. List factors that

influence efficacy of phototherapy. (08/1) 10 (09/1),(10/2) 4+3+3

7. Critically describe the role of various treatment modalities for treating

neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. (11/2) 10

8. Outline and discuss various strategies to manage hyperbilirubinemia in

newborns. (13/1) 10

NEC

1. NEC (97/2) 15

2. Pathogenesis of NEC (97/1) (92) 15

3. Etiology and pathology of NEC 15

4. Etiology of NEC, staging and management. (04/2) 10

5. Discuss management of NEC (06) 5

6. Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and management of neonatal

necrotizing enterocolitis. (09/1) 3+7

7. Discuss the pathophysiology, classification and diagnostic features of

necrotizing enterocolitis. (10/2) 4+3+3

8. A 6 day old preterm neonate presents with abdominal distension, feed

intolerance, vomiting and blood in stools. Discuss the differential

diagnosis, diagnostic approach and principles of initial stabilization.

(12/1) 4+3+3

NEONATAL HYPOTHYROIDISM

1. Clinical features of Cretinism in newborn babies (97/1) 10

2. Desccribe in brief the etiology, clinical features, diagnostic

investigations and management of congenital hypothyroidism. (11/1)

2+2+3+3

PRETERM

1. Enumerate the socio-demographic factors associate with Low birth

weight babies. Discuss the clinical problems of Preterm babies (96/1)

25

2. Pharmacotherapy in prematurity clinical decisions- salient features

(03/1) 15

3. Management of Patent Ductus Asteriosus (PDA) in preterm

neonates(10/1)10

4. outline and discuss the strategies to prevent lung injury and BPD in

preterm babies (13/1)10

5. Enumerate the factors associated with prematurity and LBW. Discuss

the potential pathways by which infection plays a role in premature

delivery. (13/1)4+6

HAEMATOLOGY

1. Management of Neonatal Thrombocytopenic Purpura (00/1) 15

2. Hemorrhagic Disease of The Newborn (95/2) 15

3. Causes of Anemia in the Newborn (93/1) 10

4. Discuss aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of a Bleeding

Neonate (06/2) 10

5. Anemia in newborn infant (07/1) 10

6. Define polycythemia in a newborn. What are the factors predisposing to

it? Describe the impact of polycythemia on various systems and their

clinical presentation. Describe the management of polycythemia in

newborn. (08/2) 10

7. Outline the classification, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings

and differential diagnosis of vitamin K deficiency bleeding. (12/1)

3+3+2+2

FLUID THERAPY

1. Fluid therapy in special situations in neonates (06/1) 10

HIGH RISK INFANT

1. Discuss the basic elements of the ‘At Risk’ concept with regard to their

advantages and disadvantages and fallacies if any as they relate to

health care of mothers and children (95/2) 25

2. Define ‘High risk infant’. Discuss the long term management of such

infants with emphasis on detection and early intervention of infants

with developmental disabilities (95/1) 25

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Role of O2 free radicals in the pathogenesis of neonatal disorders (96/2)

10

2. Bullous skin eruptions in newborn babies (95/2) 15

3. Endocrine problems that can be diagnosed on the first day of life (95/1)

10

4. Prenatal steroid therapy (99/2) 15

5. Steps in Neonatal Resuscitation 15

6. Fetal circulation and changes at birth (00/1) 15

7. Placental dysfunction syndrome (95/2) 15

8. Scheme for identifying High Risk Fetuses (92/2) 15

9. Hydrops Fetalis (03/1) 15

10. Non immune hydrops fetalis (03/2) 15, (07/1) 10

11. Fetal Therapy (03/2) 15

12. List the principles of community care of LBW infants. Define

Kangaroo Mother care. Outline its advantages and disadvantages.

(04/2) 4+2+4

13. Outline the handicaps in enteral feeding of LBW newborns. Briefly

discuss the feeding strategies for LBW babies. (04/2) 3+4+4

14. What is Hydrops fetalis. Discuss etiology of Non immune hydrops

fetalis. What is the management of a case of Non immune hydrops fetalis

(05) 2+5+3

15. Biology and role of cytokines in Newborn Infants (06/1) 10

16. ECMO (06/1) 10

17. CPAP (06/2) 10

18. Organization and levels of Newborn care (06/1) 10

19. Complications of infants born to diabetic mothers (07/2) 10

20. Steroid in neonatal care (07/1) 5

21. Enumerate common peripheral nerve injuries in neonates.

Describe their clinical characteristics and outline the management.

(09/1) 2+3+5

22. Discuss the proposed hypothesis on ‘fetal origins of adult disease’

and its implications on burden of diseases. (11/1) 5+5

23. Define oliguria in a 2 day old newborn. Enumaratethe causes of

oliguria and outline its Mx.(12/2) 2+(2+6)

24. Outline goals of BFHI.enumerate 10 steps to successful breast

feeding. Mention C/I of breast feeding. (13/1)2+5+3

25. Notes on

a)Mn of neonatal apnoea

b)trophic feeding (13/1) 5+5

26. Discuss in etiopathogenesis, CF anf Rx of Seborrheic dermatitis in

a neonate. (13/1)3+4+3

27. Discuss principles of safe and stable transport of sick newborn?

(13/1)10

28. Write short notes on (13/2)5+5

1. Voiding dysfunctions in children

2. Various adjunctive therapies in the Mx of overwhelming sepsis in

neonates.

10 SPECIAL HEALTH PROBLEMS DURING ADOLESCENCE

1. Juvenile Delinquency (02/1) 15

2. Etiological factors in Juvenile Delinquency (98/2) 15

3. Role of health education to Adolescents (98/2) 10

4. Discuss the special health problems of Adolescents (98/1) 25

5. Health education of adolescent girls 15

6. Adolescent Violence (03/1) 15

7. Health problems of adolescents(03/2) 15

8. What are the common problems in Adolescence (05) 5

9. Problems of adolescence (07/2) 10

10. What are the common problems in adolescence (05) 5

11. Discuss briefly Adolescent Health Problems (07/2) 10

11 IMMUNOLOGY

1. Prenatal Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency diseases (94/2) 10

2. Graft versus host disease (99/1) 15

3. Indications for various organ and tissue transplants in Pediatric practice

and common considerations in selection of donors (95/2) 10

4. Laboratory investigation of a child suspected to have T-cell immunity

Disorder (92) 15

5. Approach to a child with suspected immune dysfunction (06/1) 10

6. numerate functions of the Phagocytes and briefly describe defects of

their functions. (09/1) 4+6

7. Enlist the humoral immunodeficiency disorders. Outline the diagnostic

approach and treatment. (10/1) 4+6

8. Outline the characteristic features of primary immunodeficiency. Write in

detail about pathogenesis and clinical features of chronic granulomatous

disease. (11/1) 4+3+3

9. When would u clinically suspect immune deficiency in a child? Hw

would u investigate such a case. (12/2)5+5

10. Discuss various components of primary immune deficiency, their

clinical characteristics and investigations of a suspected predominant B

cell defect. (13/2)2+3+5

12 ALLERGIC DISORDERS

1. Pathogenesis and management of anaphylaxis (97/1) 15

2. Mechanism, manifestations and management of anaphylaxis (92) 15

3. Allergic Rhinitis (07/1) 5

4. Enumerate the chemical mediators of allergic reactions and describe the

important actions of histamine. (08/1) 10

5. Clinical features, differential diagnosis and treatment of atopic

dermatitis in infants. (10/1) 3+3+4

6. What is atopic dermatitis? Describe the clinical features and differential

diagnosis of atopic dermatitis. (11/2) 2+5+3

7. What is atopic dermatitis? Describe clinical features, differential

diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis. (12/1) 1+3+3+3

8. Describe clinical features of allergic rhinitis. Mx in detail. (12/2)4+6

9. What are the types of Atopic dermatitis in children? Discuss in detail CF

of AD. Describe the DD in a case of suspected AD. (13/2)2+4+4

13 NEPHROLOGY

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION

1. Outline the development of glomerular filtration. Outline the methods for

evaluating GFR in children. (08/1) 10

2. List the children to be selected for assessing renal function. Briefly discuss

the tests used to assess the renal function in children. (04) 3+7

RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY

1. Renal replacement therapy in ESRD (00/1) 15

2. Peritoneal dialysis (03/1) 15

3. Renal replacement therapy (06/1) 10

4. Discuss renal replacement therapy (07/1) 10

RTA

1. Classify types of RTA and their management principles (02/1) 15

2. Diagnosis and management of RTA (92/2) 15

PROTEINURIA

1. Persistent asymptomatic proteinuria (98/2) (07/1) 10

2. Proteinuria (96/2) 15

HEMATURIA

1. Diagnosis and management of recurrent Hematuria (96/1) 12

2. A 3 year old child was brought for Hematuria. Discuss the differential

diagnosis and management (94/2) 25

3. Evaluation of a child with Hematuria 15

4. Outline the differential diagnosis of an abdominal lump with hematuria

in a 3 year old child. Describe its investigations and treatment. (09/2)

3+3+4

5. Write the common causes and differential diagnosis of gross

symptomatic hematuria. Provide an algorithm for its laboratory and

radiological evaluation. (10/2) 2+2+6

6. Outline the causes of red coloured urine. Provide an approach for

evaluation of a child with red colored urine. (11/1) 3+7

7. Discuss the pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment

of infantile polycystic kidney. (11/2) 2+2+3+3

PSGN

1. Discuss the pathogenesis, clinical features and management of acute

PSGN

2. Enumerate the complications of acute post – streptococcal

glomerulonephritis. Describe their management in brief. (10/2) 3+7

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

1. Enumerate the principles of management of Idiopathic Nephrotic

syndrome (98/2) 10

2. Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome (96/2) 10

3. What factors will you consider in deciding the prognosis of a child with

Nephrotic syndrome (95/1) 15

4. Relapse in Nephrotic Syndrome (94) 15

5. Frequently relapsing steroid resistant Nephrotic Syndrome (03/2) 15

6. What factors help you to clinically decide non-minimal nature of

Nephrotic Syndrome? Enumerate the steps to test urine for albumin

using heat methods (05) 10

7. Histopathological changes in RPGN 15

8. Write the management of a 6 year old child with Nephrotic syndrome

who is frequently relapsing. Enumerate complications that can occur

(06/2) 10

9. Management of steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome (07/2) 10

10. Describe the diagnostic approach and management in a case of

frequently relapsing and steroid dependent nephritic syndrome. (09/2)

4+6

11. Management of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. (10/1) 10

12. Define steroid dependent and frequently relapsing nephrotic

syndrome. Describe management of an 8 year old child with frequent

relapsing nephrotic syndrome. (11/1) 2+2+6

RENAL FAILURE

1. Biochemical and endocrinal changes in CRF

2. What are the causes of ARF in children? How will you investigate such a

case? Discuss management. (97/1) 25

3. Describe the pathogenesis of CRF and outline important principles in

the management of such a case (95/2) 25

4. What are the causes of acute renal failure in a 4 year old child. How will

you investigate such a case. Discuss the management of acute renal

failure. (04/2) 4+3+3

5. Outline the etiopathogenesis of ARF in children. Discuss briefly the

management (05) 5+5

6. List the causes of renal failure in a 3 month old child. Discuss the clinical

features, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of acute renal failure in

children. Discuss the indications of renal biopsy in children (06) 10

7. Discuss the etiology of cortical necrosis in newborns and older children,

separately. State the most important clinical manifestations of cortical

injury and factors governing prognosis. (08/1) 10

8. Discuss the role of recombinant human erythropoietin therapy

(indication, dose, aim, precaution, benefits and complications) in

management of chronic renal failure. List reasons of resistance to such

therapy. (08/1) 10

9. What is acute renal failure? List the common causes leading to it.

Tabulate the laboratory indices used to differentiate pre-renal and

intrinsic acute renal failure. Outline the medical management of acute

renal failure. (08/1) 10

10. Define renal osteodystrophy. Enumerate its clinical features and

outline the management. (09/2) 2+3+5

11. Write short notes on : (13/1)5+5

a. Pediatric RIFLE criteria for AKI

b. Urinary indices in ARF

12. Define Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) and its stages.What are the

Clinical manifestations of CKD. Outline Rx. (13/2)3+4+3

HUS

1. HUS- etiopathogenesis and diagnosis (98/1) 15

2. Diagnostic features of HUS (93/2) 15

3. Classify HUS. Discuss pathogenesis, cf and Mx.(13/2) 2+3+3+2

TUBULAR DISORDERS

1. Nephrogenic Diabetes Incipidas (98/2) 15

2. Pathogenesis, clinical features and management of Distal Renal Tubular

disorder (07/2) 10

3. Define anion gap and its utility. Outline the major causes of metabolic

acidosis in children. Outline the treatment of renal tubular acidosis. (04/2)

2+4+4

14 RHEUMATIC DISEASES

KAWASAKI DISEASE

1. Phases and complications of Kawasaki’s disease (06) 10

2. Kawasaki Syndrome (00/1) 15

3. Discuss the presentation, diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki Disease. What

is the management strategy? What are the complications? (08/1) 10

4. Discuss the pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and echocardiography

findings in Kawasaki Disease (KD). How is the classical KD different

from Atypical KD? (09/1) 6+4

5. Describe clinical manifestations of classical and atypical Kawasaki

disease. Provide algorithmic approach to a suspected case of Kawasaki

disease. Enumerate various treatment modalities. (11/1) 4+4+2

6. Enumerate Diagnostic criteria of Kawasaki disease.Briefly outline its

Management and enumerate complications.(12/2) 4+4+2

JRA

1. Classification and features of JRA (96/2) 14

2. What are the clinical manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Discuss the differential diagnosis and management. (04/2) 3+3+4

3. Write the current classification used in JRA. Outline the management

plan for JRA (06) 10

4. Tabulate differentiating features of various types of juvenile rheumatoid

arthritis. (08/1) 10

5. Tabulate the classification of Juvenile Idiopathic arthritis and state

principles of its treatment. (10/2) 4+6

6. Outline the diagnostic criteria of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Tabulate

the differentiating features of various types of JRA. Outline a scheme of

investigation for a child with suspected JRA. (11/1) 3+4+3

7. Tabulate the differentiating clinical features and the diagnostic

approach of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Outline the principles of

management of polyarticular JIA. (12/1) 4+3+3

8. Define JIA. Obtain the classification of JIA. Discuss the mimickers of

rheumatic diseases in children. (13/1)2+4+4

H S PURPURA

1. Discuss briefly clinical presentation and management of H S Purpura

(07/1) 10

2. Describe the diagnostic approach and management of a six year old

child presenting with purpuric rash and pedal edema following an

episode of acute diarrhoea. (11/2) 4+6

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Classify vasculitis based on size of involved vessels and give examples of

each category. Describe etiology, clinical features and management of

Takayasu’s arteritis. (09/2) 5+5

15 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

PUO

1. Discuss definition, etiology and approach to investigation of PUO (07/1)

10

2. Outline the approach to management of a 2 month old infant having

fever without focus. (09/1) 10

3. Enumerate the common causes of pyrexia of unknown origin in a 5 year

old child. Discuss diagnostic approach to fever with rash. (11/2) 4+6

HIV

1. Prevention of HIV infection during childhood (02/1) 15

2. HIV and Pediatrics (98/2) 10

3. Post exposure HIV prophylaxis (03/2) 15

4. An HIV positive mother has been admitted in labour. What will you do

to prevent transmission of infection to the baby (05) 10

5. Factors involved in perinatal transmission of HIV infection and the

various preventive measures (06) 10

6. Prevention of Childhood AIDS (07/2) 10

7. Clinical Presentations requiring screening for HIV (07/1) 5

8. HIV and TB (07/1) 5

9. Outline clinical and immunological criteria for starting anti-retroviral

treatment (ART) in a HIV infected child. How will you monitor a child

initiated on ART? (09/2) 6+4

10. Enlist the common opportunistic infections in HIV infected children.

Describe the clinical features, diagnosis and management of herpes

simplex infection in HIV infected children (11/2) 3+2+2+3

11. Enumerate opportunistic infections in HIV infected children. How will

you treat and prevent pneumocystis jiroveci infection. (12/1) 5+3+2

12. BRIEFLY outline WHO clinical staging of HIV / AIDS for children with

confirmed HIV infection. Discuss vaccination schedule for HIV infected and

AIDS children. (12/2) 6+4

13. Briefly discuss the pulmonary disorder seen in children with HIV/AIDS.

(13/1) 10

14. Discuss the key issues in the Mx of an HIV exposed infant. (13/2)10

TB

1. Diagnosis and management of a child with resistant TB (02/1) 15

2. Short course chemotherapy for TB (98/2) 10

3. Prevention and early detection of TB (96/2) 15

4. CNS changes in Tubercular meningitis(Pathological only) 15

5. Discuss the pathogenesis, clinical symptomatology and diagnosis of

NeuroTB (06) 10

6. How do you perform and interpret Mantoux Test. Enumerate 3

conditions each in which you can get a false positive and a false negative

result. (06) 10

7. Newer diagnostic modalities for TB (06) 10

8. Describe clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of Neuro

tuberculosis. (11/2) 3+4+3

9. Describe etiopatho, diagnosis and Mx of different types of

Neurotunerculosis (13/2)5+5

10. outline the pharmacologic basis of short course chemotherapy of

TB.discuss the rationale efficacy and characteristic of intermittent

regimes. (12/2) 5+5

11. Discuss recent guidelines for diagnosis and mn of childhood TB

(13/1)10

ENTERIC FEVER

1. Interpretation of Widal test in immunized children (98/2) 10

2. Nontyphoidal salmonellosis (95/2) 15

3. Management of typhoid fever (95/2) 15

4. Treatment of typhoid fever (93/1) 10

5. Define multidrug resistant (MDR) salmonella typhi (MDR – ST) and

nalidixic acid resistant salmonella typhi (NARST). Discuss the

mechanism of development of drug resistance for salmonella typhi.

(08/1) 10

6. Detail the various complications of enteric fever and briefly outline the

specific management. (08/2) 10

DENGUE FEVER

1. Pathogenesis of bleeding and shock in Dengue fever (98/2) 10

2. Discuss the management of Dengue Shock Syndrome (97/1) 10

3. Dengue Fever (03/2) 15

4. Define DHF and DSS and outline the treatment of DSS (05) 10

5. Diagnosis and management of DHF and DSS (06/1) 10

6. Outline the WHO criteria for diagnosis of dengue hemorrhagic fever.

Draw an algorithm for volume replacement for a child with DHF and >

20% increase in hematocrit. (09/1) (3+7)

7. Define DHF and DSS. How does DHF differ from dengue fever with

hemorrhage? Describe treatment of DSS. (09/2) 2+2+1+5

8. Classify severity of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Write in brief the

management of dengue shock syndrome. (11/1) 4+6

9. Define DHF and DSS. Mention etiopato and management of DSS.(12/2)

2+3+5

10. What are fluid, metabolic and biochemical changes a child with

severe dengue? Discuss the underlying pathophysiology. (13/1)10

E COLI

1. Classification of E coli and pathogenesis of Invasive Diarrhoea (95/1) 15

2. Discuss the pathogenesis of E. coli diarrhea (94/2) 15

POLIO AND AFP

1. AFP Surveillance (99/2) 15

2. Approach to a child with AFP and components of AFP surveillance

(00/1) 15

3. AFP- Definition, Differential Diagnosis in details, how help in polio

eradication (03/2) 25

4. Discuss the differential diagnosis and management of acute flaccid

paralysis in a 2 year old child. (04/2) 5+5

5. What is AFP? Discuss the differential diagnosis and management of a

child with AFP. Discuss AFP surveillance (05) 2+3+2+3

6. Define criteria for declaring a country Polio free. What is the present

status of wild polio virus transmission and strategies being used for its

control in India? Elaborate on AFP surveillance (06) 5+5

7. Pulse Polio programme (02/1) (98/1) 15

8. Define AFP. Enlist the causes and investigations of a case of AFP (06) 10

9. What is acute flaccid paralysis? Describe the differential diagnosis and

management of a child with flaccid paralysis. Describe AFP surveillance.

(09/2) 2+2+4+2

MALARIA

1. Define drug resistant malaria, what are the different types of drug

resistance as per WHO criteria. Discuss the various management

strategies of Drug resistant Malaria 25

2. Management of Cerebral Malaria 15

3. Drug resistant Malaria (03/1) 15

4. What are management guidelines of malaria under the national

programme. How will you manage a case of cerebral malaria. (04/2)

4+6

5. Enumerate manifestations of Severe Malaria and their management

(06/2) 10

6. A 4 year old girl presents with history of fever for 2 days associated

with severe anemia, black colored urine and splenomegaly. Discuss the

management of this patient. (08/2) 10

7. Describe clinical manifestations of cerebral malaria. Enlist the

differential diagnosis and investations required. Write management of a

case of cerebral malaria in high endemic area. (09/1) (2+3+5)

8. Define complicated malaria. Describe the management strategies of

complicated malaria. (09/2) 3+7

9. Provide algorithms for case-detection and treatment for a child with

fever, suspected to have malaria, as per National Vector – Borne Disease

Control Program: (10/2) 5+5

a) In an area where microscopy results are available within 24 hours; and

b) In an area where microscopy results are not available within 24 hours

9. Write short notes on: Laboratory diagnosis of malaria (11/2) 5

10. briefly discuss the lab diagnostic modalities of malaria and outline

management protocol of plasmodium falciparum malaria as National Vector

Borne Disease control programme guidelines. (12/2) 4+6

11.List the WHO criteria to diagnose severe malaria. Discuss the MN of child

with cerebral malaria (13/1)4+6

HEPATITIS B

1. Viral markers of Hepatitis B 15

2. Immunological markers of Hepatitis B 15

3. Hepatitis B infection in children (03/1) 15

4. A 3 year old child is brought with a history of jaundice since 2 months.

She gives a history of blood transfusion at 18 months of age. Her HBSAg

is positive. Discuss briefly other viral markers of HepB infection which

will help in monitoring and treatment of child. Discuss the management

of fulminant hepatic failure. Add a note on Liver Transplantation. (06)

10

5. Discuss the modes of transmission of hepatotrophic viral infections.

Outline CF, Diagnosis and Rx of hepatitis B infection in children.

(13/1)2+3+32

MEASLES

1. Diagnosis and treatment of SSPE (95/2) 10

PLAGUE

1. Management of Plague (95/2) 10

GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS

1. Management of acute Rheumatic Fever (93/2) 10

CYSTICERCOSIS

1. Current management of Neurocysticercosis (92) 15

MENINGOCOCCUS

1. Discuss prevention and prophylaxis against meningococcal infection

(05) 5+5

2. Prophylaxis of Meningococcaemia (06/1) 10

SYPHILIS

1. Radiological features and confirmatory laboratory tests for congenital

syphilis (07/1) 10

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Laboratory diagnosis of Viral diseases

2. Brain CT findings in a case of Congenital toxoplasmosis and

cysticercosis (94) 15

3. Nosocomial Infections (06) 10

4. Comment on clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of Swine flu in

children. (09/2) 2+3+5

5. A seven year old girl is admitted with pain and swelling of right knee

and left ankle joint of two weeks duration. Enumerate the likely causes.

Discuss the differential diagnosis highlighting important pointers in

history, examination and investigations. (11/2) 2+8

6. Describe the etiology, mode of transmission, clinical features and

management of viral hemorrhagic fever in children. (12/1) 2+2+3+3

16 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

GIT

1. What is H.Pylori Bacillus? How is it associated with chronic abdominal

pain (98/2) 10

2. Pathogenesis of Celiac Disease (97/2) 15

3. Pathogenesis of Persistent Diarrhea of infancy (96/2) 10

4. Diagnosis of carbohydrate intolerance (95/1) 15

5. Gastro esophageal Riflux (94/2) 15

6. Persistent Diarrhea (99/1) 15

7. Chronic Diarrhea in Infancy (00/1) 15

8. Immunological features associated with cow milk allergy 15

9. Enumerate the etiology and discuss the pathogenesis of acute diarrhoea.

Describe the approach to management of a child with acute watery

diarrhoea. (04/2) 3+3+4

10. Write management of Persistent Diarrhea (06) 5

11. Approach and management of a child with Persistent Diarrhea

(06) 10

12. Diagnosis and management of a child with Celiac Disease (06/1)

10

13. Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal atresia (06/1) 10

14. Aetiopathogenesis and diagnosis of celiac disease (07/2) 10

15. Define malabsorption. Enlist the generalized and specific

malabsorption states. Discuss the investigative plan for a child with

generalized malabsorption. (08/1) 10

16. Define Recurrent Abdominal Pain (RAP) and list the diagnostic

features of functional RAP. Suggest a plan for investigations and

managing a 10 year old girl with RAP (09/1) 4+6

17. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and management of acute

pancreatitis in children. (10/1) 2+2+2+4

18. Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of

antibiotic associated diarrhoea. (10/2) 1+2+3+4

19. Enlist the functions of pancreas. Outline the pancreatic function

tests and their implications in pediatric practice. (10/2) 4+6

20. Outline the etiopathogenesis of chronic diarrhea and provide a

scheme of investigating for a child with chronic diarrhea. (11/1) 5+5

21. Describe the types of diarrhoea with examples. Discuss their

pathophysiological mechanisms. (11/2) 5+5

22. A 9 month old child with acute watery diarrhea develops seizures

and altered sensorium. Discuss the differential diagnosis of CNS

symptoms. Provide diagnostic algorithm for managing this child. (12/1)

6+4

23. Define gastro – esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Describe its

clinical features, diagnosis and treatment. (12/1) 1+3+3+3

24. Describe in brief the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations and

management of celiac disease in children (12/2) 3+3+4

25. Define Persistent and chronic diarrhea. Enumarate causes of

chronic diarrhea in children. Discuss nutritional Mx of persistent

Diarrhoea. (12/2)2+3+5

26. Outline clinical approach to diagnosis of child with: (13/1) 5+5

a. Short duration/ acute pain abdomen and

b. Long duration / recurrent pain abdomen

27. A 3 yr old child brought with history of acute dysentery around 10

days back. Now child developed pallor and oliguria. Discuss the DD,

Investigative approach and Rx of this child. (13/1)3+4+3

28. Discuss evaluation of a child with suspected intestinal

malabsorption. Discuss genetics, pathogenesis clinical spectrum and

extra intestinal manifestations of celiac disease. (13/2)5+5

PREBIOTICS & PROBIOTICS

1. Outline the benefits of bacterial colonization of the intestine and the

disorders they can produce. (04/2) 5+5

2. Define probiotics. Explain their physiological mechanism of action.

Opportunities and threats associated with the use of probiotics in pediatric

practice. (08/2) 10

3. Define probiotics and prebiotics and enumerate their essential

characteristics. Outline the effects of probiotic in various

gastrointestinal disorders. (09/1) (5+5)

4. Discuss the management of acute diarrhea with particular reference to

low osmolarity ORS, zinc, probiotics and antibiotics. (10/2) 3+2+3+2

5. Define probiotics and prebiotics. Outline their important properties and

mechanisms of action. Enlist four most important indications of their

clinical use in Pediatric clinical practices. (11/1) 4+4+2

6. Define probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Mention characteristic

mechanism of action and use of probiotics in clinical practice. (12/2)

3+(2+2+3

7. Write notes on(13/2) 5+5

a. Prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics.

b. Diagnostic criteria of Kawasaki Disease

HEPATOBILIARY

1. Pathophysiology of Portal Hypertension (98/2) 10

2. Discuss the causes, clinical features and management of portal

hypertension in children. (04/2) 3+3+4

3. Laboratory Finding of Fulminant Hepatic Failure (98/2) 10

4. Diagnosis and management of Acute Viral Hepatitis (96/2) 12

5. Cholestatic Jaundice 15

6. Biliary Atresia (95) 15

7. Describe Biochemical and Pathological changes in various organs in

Hepatic Encephalopathy. How will you manage a case (93/2) 10

8. Hepatic Encephalopathy- pathophysiology and management (03/2) 25

9. List the causes of infantile cholestasis. Provide an algorithm for the

diagnosis of infantile cholestasis. (04/2) 3+7

10. Persistent Jaundice in neonates (06) 10

11. Clinical approach, investigations and management of a neonate

with Cholestatic jaundice (06/1) 10

12. Discuss the management of Fulminant Hepatic Failure. Add a note

on Liver Transplantation (06)

13. A 6 week old child is brought with a history of jaundice since 3

weeks of age, high colored urine with staining of napkins and pale

colored stools. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of this condition. What

is the differential diagnosis and treatment of this condition (06) 10

14. Diagrammatically represent the portal venous system and the

sites of Porto-systemic vascular anastomosis in portal hypertension.

Discuss the types, cause and pathophysiology of portal hypertension

(07/1) 10

15. Define Fulminant Hepatic Failure and outline the staging of

severity of Hepatic encephalopathy. Discuss the steps in its

management. (09/1) 4+6

16. Outline the differential diagnosis of tender hepatomegaly.

Describe the management of liver abscess. (10/1) 5+5

17. Outline the management of an 8 year old child with acute liver cell

failure and hepatic encephalopathy. (10/2) 10

18. Write in brief the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations of

Wilson’s disease. Outline the desired investigation helpful in making a

diagnosis of Wilson’s disease. (11/1) (12/2) 3+3+4

19. Define neonatal cholestasis. Outline clinical features and scheme

for evaluation of a neonate with cholestasis. (11/1) 2+3+5

20. Describe clinical, laboratory and radiologic evaluation of possible

liver dysfunction in children. (11/2) 3+4+3

21. Enumerate the causes and discuss the types, pathogenesis and

evaluation of ascites in children. (11/2) 2+2+3+3

22. Write in brief the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations of

Wilson’s disease.and management. (12/2) 3+3+4

23. Discuss the pathogenesis ,C/F diagnosis, tt of Wilsons disease.

(13/1) 2+3+3+2

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Hematemesis (94) 15

2. Differential Diagnosis of Ascites in children (93/1) 10

3. A 5 yr old child brought to the emergency- H/o 2 bouts of massive

hematemesis. On examination the child is pale and BP is 90/60. Discuss

the emergency room management of this child. After the child is

stabilized what laboratory diagnosis would you do in this child. What is

the Differential Diagnosis and treatment of this condition (05) 10

4. Management of Acute Upper GI Bleeding (06) 10

5. Discuss the management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a 5

year old child. (08/1) 10

6. Define hematemesis, malena and hematochezia. A 3 years old child

presents with sudden onset vomiting of blood. Describe the approach to

this child (including history and examination). Outline the steps of

management. (08/2) 10

17 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

CLINICAL EXAMINATION

1. Enumerate 4 adventitious sounds that can be heard during examination of

respiratory system. At what anatomical level are they produced? In which

conditions are they produced. (06) 10

2. Outline the pulmonary function testing in children with emphasis on

performance and interpretation of spirometry.

3. Briefly discuss the non invasive estimation of gas exchange in children.

(04) 10

4. Discuss PFT and clinical utility. (13/2)7+3

BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

1. Describe the pathogenesis of Bronchial Asthma. Give an outline for

prevention and treatment of recurrent episodes (02/1) 25

2. Treatment of Bronchial asthma (96/2)

3. Discuss briefly the recent advances in the management of Bronchial

Asthma (99/1) 15

4. Use of Nebulizers in Pediatric practice (95/2) 10

5. Aerosol therapy in children (95/2) 15

6. Management of Acute Severe Asthma (92/2) 15

7. Management of Status Asthmaticus in a 3 yr old (03/1) 25

8. Discuss the pathophysiology of asthma. Outline the role of

investigations in bronchial asthma. (04/2) 6+4

9. Classify Asthma in children. Outline the management of asthma and

approach to a case of Status Asthmaticus (05) 3+4+3

10. Discuss the steps in evaluation of chronic asthma is children.

Classify and discuss the drugs used in the treatment of chronic asthma.

Write briefly on targeted delivery systems in treatment of asthma (06)

10

11. Pathophysiology and management of Asthma in children (06/1)

10

12. Management of a 3 year old child with recurrent attacks of

wheezing (07/2) 10

13. Outline the stepwise approach for managing infants and young

children (<= 5 year of age) with chronic asthma (09/1) 10

14. How do you grade the severity of childhood asthma? Describe its

stepwise treatment according to the severity. Compare and contrast oral

therapy to inhaled therapy for asthma. (09/2) 3+3+4

15. Enlist the drugs used for management of chronic asthma. Explain

the pharmacological basis of their use. (10/1) 3+7

16. Discuss the lung function abnormalities in severe asthma. What is

the role of lung function evaluation in management of asthma in

children. (10/2) 6+4

17. Discuss categorization of chronic childhood asthma. Discuss step –

wise management of chronic asthma in children . (11/2) 3+7

18. Enumerate the risk factors for childhood persistent asthma.

Mention DD, Outline Rx and monitoring of persistent asthma in a 10

year old child. (12/2) 2+(2+3+3)

PNEUMONIA

1. Discuss briefly the Differential diagnosis and management of a case of

Persistent Pneumonia in a 3 month old infant (99/2) 15

2. Treatment of Staphylococcal pneumonia (93/1) 10

3. Define interstitial lung disease (ILD). Enlist pediatric ILDs. Write brief

description of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP). Outline the

treatment options for ILD in children.(08/1) 10

4. Discuss differential diagnosis and management of a child with recurrent

pneumonia. (11/2) 4+6

5. Discuss the factors determining antibiotic therapy for Community

Acquired Pneumonia. (12/2)10

BRONCHIOLITIS

1. Course and prognosis of Acute Bronchiolitis (98/2) 10

2. Define acute bronchiolitis. Describe its etiopathogenesis and

characteristics features. Outline the essential steps in management of

bronchiolitis. (10/2) 2+2+2+4

STRIDOR

1. A 2 year old child presents to the hospital with fever and Stridor of 12

hour duration. Discuss the diagnosis (97/1) 10

2. Management of Acute Stridor in a Preschool child (93/1) 15

3. List the common causes of stridor in children. How will you diagnose

and manage a case of stridor. (04/2) 3+4+3

4. 1 year old child is brought with a history of sudden onset of respiratory

distress and stridor of 2 days duration. What is the differential

diagnosis? Discuss the steps in the management of Viral Croup (06/2)

10

5. Clinical Evaluation and management of a child with stridor (06/1) 10

6. Discuss the differential diagnosis and management of a 3 year old girl

with history of cough and cold, presenting with onset of noisy breathing,

barking cough, hoarse voice and respiratory distress. (08/1) 10

7. Differential diagnosis and management of acute stridor in a 2 years old

child. (10/1) 3+7

8. A 2 year old boy presents with fever, change of voice and stridor for 2

days. Outline the differential diagnosis and management options. (12/1)

6+4

9. List the likely causes of noisy breathing in a 3 weeks old infant . how

would u investigate this patient? Briefly describe Mx of laryngomalcia.

(12/2) 4+4+2

PHYSIOLOGY

1. Respiratory system defense mechanisms (93/2) 15

2. Define ventilation/ perfusion ratio. (11/1) 2

Outline Va/Q changes in:-

1. Pneumonia 2

2. Obstructive lung disease 2

3. ARDS 2

4. Pulmonary thromboembolism 2

3. Discuss the role of spirometry in respiratory diseases of children.

Describe the interpretation of various lung flows and volumes.

(12/2)5+5

TONSILITIS

1. Management of Acute Tonsillitis in children (98/1) 15

CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS

1. Describe the congenital malformations of the lungs. Discuss the

diagnosis and management of these malformations (96/2) 25

2. Detail the causes for localized emphysema of the lung. Describe the

presentation and management of congenital lobar emphysema. (08/1)

10

RESPIRATORY FAILURE

1. Clinical and physiological features necessary to diagnose respiratory

failure in children (94/2) 15

2. How will you define acute respiratory failure. Write common causes of

acute respiratory failure in a 2 year old child. What are the various

methods of oxygen therapy in children. (04/2) 3+3+4

3. Types of Acute Respiratory Failure in children, modes of assisted

ventilation and indications for the same in Children (06) 10

4. What are the criteria used to diagnose Acute Respiratory Distress

Syndrome (ARDS). Write in brief the pathogenesis, clinical features and

lab findings of the same. Discuss the treatment and ventilatory

strategies to manage ARDS. (08/2) 10

5. Describe the pathophysiology, etiology and management of acute

respiratory distress syndrome. (09/2) 3+3+4

6. Classify respiratory failure in children. List the modes of assisted

ventilation and its indications. (13/1)6+4

CYSTIC FIBROSIS

1. Pathophysiology and clinical features of Cystic Fibrosis (06) 10

ASPIRATION

1. List conditions predisposing children to Aspiration Lung injury. Mention

clinical features and principles of management of Chronic Aspiration.

Conditions predisposing children to aspiration lung injury (07/2) 10

BRONCHIECTASIS

1. Discuss briefly etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment

of Bronchiectasis (07/1) 10

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Differential diagnosis of Hemoptysis in children (95/2) 10

2. Diagnosis of Bronchial Foreign Body (93/2) 10

3. Write notes on embryological development of abdominal diaphragm

and types of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (06) 10

4. Describe the etiology, stages of evolution, clinical manifestations,

diagnostic investigations and management of empyema thoracis (11/1)

1+2+2+2+3

5. Describe location, structure and function of cilia in respiratory tract.

Discuss the clinical presentation and management of primary ciliary

dyskinesia? (11/2) 3+7

6. Writ short notes on (13/2)5+5

a) Central hypoventilation syndrome

b) Causes and Mx of Hypernatremia in children

18 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

1. Describe hemodynamics and CF of tricuspid atresia in a neonate. Outline

the expected findings on ECG and chest X-ray. (13/1)3+3+2+2

HEART FAILURE

1. Intractable congestive heart failure- management approach (02/1) 15

2. Treatment of Intractable CCF (93/2) 10

3. Newer approaches in management of CCF (93/1) 15

4. ACE inhibitors in CCF with congenital heart disease (03/1) 15

5. CCF- Pathophysiology and management (03/2) 25

6. Describe briefly the Pathophysiology of CCF and management of

Refractory Failure (98/2) 25

7. How will you manage a child in Refractory CCF (06) 5

8. Discuss the pathogenesis of Congestive Heart failure and the role of

vasodilators in its management (06) 10

9. Refractory congestive heart failure- causes and management (07/2) 10

10. Discuss the role of vasodilator therapy in congestive heart failure.

Enumerate various vasodilator agents used in CHF and their respective

mechanisms of action. (08/1) 10

11. Enumerate causes of congestive heart failure due to diastolic

dysfunction. Enlist Symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure in

infancy and outline stepwise Mx of Congestive heart failure. (12/2)

3+(2+5)

HYPERTENSION

1. Discuss the causes of Hypertension in a 7 year old child. Approach of

investigation and management of such a case (02/1) 25

2. Treatment of Hypertension (97/2) 12

3. Investigations in a child with Hypertension (95/1) 10

4. Discuss etiology, diagnosis and management of Childhood Hypertension

(00/1) 25

5. Severe Hypertension in infancy (00/1) 15

6. Diagnosis of Essential Hypertension in children (93/1) 10

7. A 8 year old child is brought with a history of convulsions and altered

sensorium. On examination her BP was 180/110 mm Hg. Discuss the

D/D and laboratory investigations in this child. Discuss the management

of Hypertensive Encephalopathy in this child. Add a note on fundus

changes in hypertension. (06) 10

8. Recent advances in management of Hypertension (06/1) 10

9. Discuss the treatment of Hypertension in children. Classify the drugs

used to treat hypertension and briefly mention their mechanism of

action (07/2) 10

10. Essential Hypertension in children (07/1) 10

11. A 10 year old boy is brought with a history of convulsions and

altered sensorium. On examination, his BP was 180/110 mm of Hg.

Describe differential diagnosis, laboratory investigations and treatment

of this case. (09/2) 3+4+3

12. Describe the causes and pathogenesis or renal and renovascular

hypertension. Outline principles of management. (12/1) 3+3+4

CONGENITAL CYANOTIC HEART DIAEASE

1. Pathophysiology of Cyanotic spells (02/1) 15

2. How do you classify congenital cyanotic heart disease? Discuss their

investigations (97/2) 15

3. Cyanotic Spell (94/2) 15

4. Complications of Fallot’s Tetralogy and their management (99/2) 10

5. Management of Paroxysmal Hypercyanotic spell (99/2) 15

6. What are the congenital heart diseases associated with cyanotic spells.

Write clinical presentation and management of cyanotic spell. (04/2)

2+3+5

7. How will you manage a child in cyanotic spell (06) 5

8. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of Eisenmenger Syndrome

(07/1) 10

9. Discuss the various minimally surgical invasive devices and procedures

available for the management of common congenital heart diseases in

children (07/1) 10

10. List the causes of congestive heart failure in a 2 years old child.

Describe different types of VSD according to position and size. Write

indicators for surgical intervention/ device closure. (08/1) 10

11. Discuss the hemodynamics and pathophysiology of Tetralogy of

Fallot. Outline management of cyanotic spell in a 2 year old child.

(12/1)4+3+3

ARRYTHMIA

1. Classification of cardiac arrythmias and management of WPW

Syndrome (92) 15

2. Arrythmias- pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of different types

(03/2) 15

3. Describe the etiopathogenesis of supraventricular tachycardia in

children. Discuss the diagnosis and management of a child with

supraventricular tachycardia. (04/2) 3+3+4

4. What are the causes, manifestations and management of a young child

with SVT (06) 10

5. Classify stable and unstable arrythmias. Discuss the types of SVT ( Supra

Ventricular Tachycardia) with their ECG changes. Outline the approach

to manage unstable arrythmias. (08/2) 10

6. Classify anti – arrhythmic drugs used in children. Describe the

mechanism of action and uses of Amiodarone. (10/1) 5+5

7. Enumerate the causes and outline the characteristics and treatment of

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) in an infant (10/2) 3+3+4

8. Enumerate life threatening tachyarrhythmias in childhood. How would

you diagnose them? Briefly outline their emergency interventions.

(12/1) 2+4+4

9. Enumerate arrhythmias which are suggestive of specific congenital

heart diseases. Outline Mx of PSVT. (12/2) 4+6

CARDIOMYOPATHY

1. Diagnosis of Cardiomyopathy (96/2) 12

2. Cardiomyopathy (95/1) 15

3. Discuss in brief the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management

of dilated cardiomyopathy. (12/1) 3+3+4

PERICARDITIS

1. Diagnosis and management of Constrictive Pericarditis (99/2) 10

CLINICS

1. Significance of S2 in clinical practice (98/1) 15

2. Enumerate the conditions where you can get

o Loud S2

o Wide splitting S2

Explain the pathophysiology of fixed splitting of S2 (05) 10

3. A one year old child is referred for an asymptomatic cardiac murmur.

Outline the likely causes. How will you differentiate an innocent murmur from

that of a congenital heart disease, on clinical grounds? (09/1) 3+7

RHEUMATIC CARDITIS

1. Treatment of Acute Rheumatic carditis (97/1) 15

INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS

1. Pathogens, clinical features and management of infective endocarditis.

(10/1) 2+4+4

2. Enumerate common pathogens of infective endocarditis. List conditions/

interventions which require prophylaxis for infective endocarditis in a

child with underlying heart disease. Oultine antibiotic therapy for a child

with RHD and infective endocarditis. (11/1) 2+3+5

3. Outline the Duke criteria for diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis. Discuss its

application in clinical setting. (13/1)6+4

MISCELLANEOUS

1. A 13 year old male is brought with an H/o progressive Dyspnea on

exertion. He has past H/o recurrent joint pain. What is the most likely

diagnosis? How will you investigate and manage the child. Add a note on

Refractory CCF in a child (05) 5+5

2. Primary Endocardial Fibroelastosis (98/1) 15

3. Cardiovascular Risk factors in children (96/1) 15

4. What advice will you give to a 35 year old patient with coronary artery

disease regarding its prevention in his adolescent son? (06) 10

5. Preventive cardiology in adolescents (07/2) 10

6. Fetal Circulation and cardiovascular adjustments after birth (06/1) 10

7. Outline Fetal Circulation (07/2)

8. Draw a labeled diagram of fetal circulation. Indicate partial pressure of

oxygen (PaO2) and oxygen saturation (SaO2) values at key points in this

circulation. (08/1) 10

9. Fetal circulation and changes after birth (10/1) 5+5

10. Depict diagrammatically fetal circulation. Highlight its unique

features differentiating it from neonatal circulation. Outline important

changes occurring at birth. (11/1) 4+3+3

11. A 3 year old child having fever for 2 days suddenly develops

breathlessness, tachycardia and sweating. Describe the differential diagnosis

of this case and its treatment. (09/2) 5+5

19 DISEASES OF THE BLOOD

ANAEMIA

1. Severe anemia in the first year of life (02/1) 15

2. Describe laboratory investigations in an infant with anemia and briefly

outline the interpretation of test results (95/1) 25

3. Discuss the etiology and investigations in a case of Anemia (94) 25

4. What is peripheral smear finding in (05) 2+2+2+2+2

o Thalassemia Major

o Lead poisoning

o Megaloblastic anemia

o CRF

o Malaria

5. List the causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia. How will you

differentiate between iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia? Discuss

briefly the oral iron chelators. (08/1) 10

6. Discuss the etiology and management of Autoimmune Hemolytic

Anemia (09/1) 3+7

7. Classify causes of acquired pancytopenia. Write briefly about the

management of acquired aplastic anemia. (09/1) 3+7

8. Define pancytopenia. Enlist the causes and assessment of severity of

aplastic anemia in children. (10/1) 2+4+4

9. Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis and diagnostic workup of Acute

autoimmune hemolytic anemia. (10/2) 3+3+4

10. List the causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia. Provide

differentiating features between iron deficiency anemia and beta

thalassemia trait. Describe the management of thalassemia major. (11/1)

3+3+4

11. Enlist the red blood cell metabolic enzyme pathways and the enzymes

responsible for hemolysis. Discuss the pathogenesis involved in these

hemolytic anemias. (11/1) 3+7

12. Define pancytopenia. Enumerate common causes in children. How will

you assess severity of acquired anemia in children? (11/2) 2+3+5

13. What is physiologic anaemia of infancy? Discuss its etiology,

characteristics and Mx. (12/2)2+(2+4+2)

14. Discuss the etiopathogenesis of acute autoimmune hemolytic anaemia.

How will you investigate. (12/2)5 +5

15. Discuss the sequential pathological changes seen in iron deficiency

state. What lab studies can be used to differentiate common microcytic

anaemias? (13/2)5+5

THALASSEMIA

1. Genetic basis of Thalassemia syndromes (02/1) 15

2. Current management of Thalassemia Major (96/2) 15

3. Newer modalities in the management of Thalassemia Major (99/2) 10β

4. Antenatal diagnosis of Thalassemia (99/2) 15

5. Recent concepts for treatment of Thalassemia in children (95/2) 10

6. In relation to Thalassemia write a note on the following (05) 10

1. Alkali desaturation test

2. NESTROFT test

3. Peripheral smear

4. SQUID-BLS

5. BMD

7. Outline the antenatal management of a mother with an earlier child with

thalasemia major (07/2) 10

7. Alpha Thalassemia (07/1) 10

8. Outline the long term complications of thalassemia major. How will you

monitior such complications in a child with thlassemia major(13/1)5+5

IRON DEF ANEMIA

1. Management of Iron Deficiency anemia (98/2) 10

2. Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia in children (95/2) 15

3. Enlist the causes and outline the Differential Diagnosis and treatment of

iron deficiency anemia (05) 3+3+4

4. Outline the etiology of Iron deficiency in children. Describe C/F and

approach to diagnosis of a child suspected to have nutritional anemia.

(13/1) 3+2+5

G6PD DEFICIENCY

1. 3yr old child-H/O Jaundice since 2 months, H/O Exchange transfusion at

D2. Discuss the D/D. Classify Hemolytic Anemia. Add a note on

management of Intravascular hemolysis in G6PD deficiency (05) 4+4+2

2. G6PD deficiency (99/2) 10

3. Pathogenesis of anemia in G6PD Deficiency (99/1) 15

4. Briefly outline normal erythropoiesis. Describe the diagnosis and

treatment of G6PD deficiency (07/2) 10

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

1. Megaloblastic anemia (03/2) 15

2. List the common causes of macrocytic anaemia. Describe the laboratory

diagnosis of megaloblastic anaemia and treatment of juvenile pernicious

anaemia. (04/2) 4+3+3

3. Clinicohematological profile of Megaloblastic Anaemia (06/1) 10

4. Discuss causes, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and

treatment of Folate Deficiency anaemia in children (07/2) 10

5. Enlist the common causes of macrocytic anemia. Describe the

laboratory diagnosis and treatment of megaloblastic anemia. (09/2)

2+3+5

6. Write short note on: Peripheral smear findings in iron deficiency and

B12 deficiency anemia (10/2) 2.5+2.5

HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS

1. Diagnosis and management of Congenital Hereditary Spherocytosis

(97/1) 15

2. Hereditary Spherocytosis (06) 10

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

1. Management of acute sickle cell crisis (99/1) 15

SPLEEN

1. Outline the functions of Spleen. Describe the indications and complication of

splenectomy and post – operative management. (09/1) 3+7

2. Describe the functions of spleen. Describe clinical manifestations and

management of asplenia/ polysplenia. (10/1) 4+3+3

HEMRRHAGIC AND THROMBOTIC DISEASES

1. Antenatal diagnosis and career detection of Hemophilia (98/2) 15

2. DIC (96/2) 15

3. Write differential diagnosis of a 5 year old child with petechial rash with

fever. How will you manage a child with idiopathic thrombocytopenic

purpura. (04/2) 4+6

4. Explain coagulation cascade. A 4 year old child with h/o recurrent

epistaxis and gum bleeding. Discuss laboratory diagnosis and

management of this condition.

Add a note of differentiating a bleeding disorder from a coagulation

disorder (05) 5+3+2

5. A 5 year old male child comes with a history of trivial fall and swelling of

right knee. He has history of easy brusiability. Discuss the laboratory

diagnosis and management of this child. Add a note on antenatal

diagnosis and counseling (06) 10

6. Various treatment modalities in acute ITP (06) 10

7. Discuss the various aspects of management of a child with Hemophilia A

(07/2) 10

7. Discuss the pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

and relate it to the laboratory abnormalities observed in this entity. (08/1) 10

8. Diagrammatically outline the Normal Coagulation Cascade. Outline

diagnosis and management of disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

(09/1) 4+6

9. Write in brief regarding the etiology and management of idiopathic

thrombocytopenic purpura.(ITP) (11/1) 4+6

10.A 10 year old boy with hemophilia A, weighing 30 kg has come with

bleeding in both knee joints. Discuss briefly the specific, supportive and

prophylactic management of this child. (11/1) 4+3+3

11 List the causes of thrombocytopenia in a febrile child. Hw would you

manage a child with fever, platelet count of 25,000/cumm and absolute

neutrophil count of 450/cumm? (12/2) 4+6

12. Discuss the Rx options for acute ITP in a 14 yr old girl child.

(13/1) 10

13. An 8 yr old girl has presented with epistaxis, bleeding gum and

ecchymotic patches over trunk. Her platelet count is 20,000/cumm.

Discuss the DD with specific clinic – investigative ponters. Discuss

diagnostic workup for this child. (13/2)5+5

BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION

1. Describe the risks and benefits of bone marrow transplantation in

children (94/2) 15

2. Bone marrow transplantation for children (06/1) 10

3. Define febrile neutropenia and describe the treatment and care of a

child with febrile neutropenia. (08/1) 10

4. Enumerate the methods of harvesting/ storing stem cells. Outline the

indications of stem cell therapy. Discuss in brief the patient preparation

required for stem cell therapy. Enlist important potential complications

of stem cell therapy. (11/1) 2+3+3+2

5. Discuss indications, rationale and sources for stem cell transplantation in

children. (12/2) 5+3+2

6. Discuss the indications for stem cell transplantation therapy in children.

What is it rationale and sources for stem cells? 5+3+2

7. Discuss the pathogenesis of GVHD. Discuss clinical manifestations,

staging and grading & Mx of Acute GVHD. (13/2) 2+3+2+3

BLOOD TRANSFUSION

1. Transfusion of Blood fractions 10

2. Discuss the inherent hazards of Blood Transfusion in children and the

necessary measures to avoid and minimize them (07/1) 10

3. Outline the method of extracting various blood components. What are

the indications of usage of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) and

cryoprecipitate? (09/2) 5+5

4. Discuss briefly the risk associated with blood transfusion therapy.

(13/2)10

20 NEOPLASTIC DISEASES AND TUMOURS

ALL

1. Treatment and prognosis of ALL (97/2) 15

2. Management of CNS Leukemia (96/1) 14

3. Management of a case of ALL in a 3 year old (03/1) 25

4. Discuss management of a child with acute leukemia (06/1) 10

5. Management of a child with acute leukemia (06/2) 10

6. Prognostic indicators in Acute Leukemia (07/2) 10

7. Utility of immunophenotyping in the diagnosis of leukemia in children.

Outline the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (09/2) 4+6

LYMPHOMA

1. Different types of Lymphomas in children and their Histopathological

classification (93/2) 15

MISCELLANEOUS

2. Define tumour lysis syndrome. Enlist its important constituents. Outline

its etiology and describe the management. (08/1) 10

3. Write in brief the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and

management principles of Langerhans Cell Histocytosis. (09/1) 10

4. Classify childhood histiocytosis. Describe the clinical manifestations,

diagnosis and treatment of Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis. (10/1)

3+3+2+2

5. Outline the essential components and pathophysiology of tumor lysis

syndrome. Describe its management. (11/1) 2+4+4

6. How will you classify childhood Histiocytosis? Describe the diagnostic

criteria, clinical manifestations and treatment for hemophagocytic

lymphohistiocytosis. What are the infections associated with it? (11/2)

2+2+2+2+2

7. Define tumour lysis syndrome. Describe the pathophysiology of tumour

lysis syndrome. How will you prevent occurrence of tumour lysis

syndrome? (11/2) 2+4+4

21 UROLOGIC DISORDERS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

ENURESIS

1. Define Enuresis. Discuss its manifestations and management (06) 5

2. Enuresis (96/2) 15

3. Management of nocturnal Enuresis (07/1) 5

4. What is nocturnal enuresis? Outline the causes for the same. Describe

the modalities for managing a 6 year old child with enuresis. (08/2) 10

5. Discuss evaluation and management of an 8 year old male with primary

nocturnal enuresis. (10/2) 4+6

UTI

1. Imaging studies indicated in a child with UTI (06) 10

2. Recurrent UTI in childhood (02/1) 15

3. Management of a 2 year old child with first attack of UTI (99/2) 10

4. Describe the etiological factors, clinical manifestations and management

of children with UTI (95/2) 25

5. Investigation of a 7 year old boy with Recurrent UTI (93/2) 10

6. Recurrent UTI (03/2) 15

7. Classify UTI and provide an algorithm for management of a child with

first episode of UTI (05) 3+7

8. Discuss approach to a child with recurrent urinary tract infections.

What are the indications, goal and schedule of antimicrobial prophylaxis

in treating such a child? (09/1) 10

9. What are the clinical manifestations of urinary tract infections (UTI) in

children? Describe the plan of investigations and management of a 2

year old boy with recurrent UTI. (09/2) 2+4+4

10. Write short note on: Grading of vesico-ureteric reflux and indications of

surgical intervention in children with vesico-ureteric reflux (10/2) 3+2

VUR

1. Management of an infant with VUR (93/1) 15

2. Discuss criteria for diagnosis, staging and management of VUR (92) 25

3. Outline the grades of vesico-ureteric reflux. Discuss the management of

a child with recurrent urinary tract infection with grade 4 vesico-

ureteric reflux. (04/2) 4+3+3

4. Give the grading of VUR. Outline its evaluation and management in

children(07/2) 10

5. Clinical features, grading and management of vesico-ureteric reflux

(10/1) 3+3+4

6. Define vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Classify the grades of VUR. Discuss

in brief the medical and surgical management of VUR in children. (11/1)

2+2+6

7. Define VUR and reflux nephropathy. Classify various grades of VUR with

diagrammatic representation and outline its management. (12/2)

2+(3+5)

8.

NEUROGENIC BLADDER

1. Neurogenic Bladder (98/2) 15

GYNAECOLOGY

1. Write a short note on non-specific vulvo-vaginitis in children with special

emphasis on its etiopathogenesis and treatment (08/1) 10

22 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

THYROID GLAND

1. Management of Puberty Goiter (98/2) 15

2. Diagnosis of Congenital Hypothyroidism (95/1) 15

3. Endemic Cretinism (99/2) 15

4. Congenital Hypothyroidism (00/1) 15

5. Etiopathology of Congenital Hypothyroidism 15

6. Management of Puberty Goiter (93/1) 15

7. Goitrogenic Hypothyroidism (03/2) 15

8. Briefly list the various thyroid function tests. Describe clinical

presentation and management of autoimmune thyroiditis. (04/2) 6+4

9. What are the changes seen in Thyroid Hormone levels around birth.

Describe the salient features of Neonatal Thyroid Screening Programme

(06) 10

10. Neonatal Thyroid Screening (07/2) 10

11. Discuss causes, clinical features and management of Acquired

Hypothyroidism (07/2) 10

12. Congenital Hyperthyroidism (07/1) 10

13. Discuss the synthesis of thyroid Hormones. Outline the causes of

congenital hypothyroidism and a brief comment on neonatal thyroid

screening. (09/1) 3+7

14. Thyroid hormone synthesis and its derangements. (10/1) 6+4

15. Enlist common causes of acquired hypothyroidism in a 12 year

old girl. Discuss in brief the clinical manifestations and laboratory

findings. (12/1) 3+4+3

16. Enumerate causes of thyromegaly in childhood and classify

thyroid size into different stages clinically. How would u approach to

diagnose a case of goiter? Briefly write the Rx to physiological goiter.

(12/2) (3+2)+3+2

DIABETES MELLITUS

1. Describe briefly the biochemical changes and management of DKA

(98/1) 25

2. Complications of Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus and their management

(97/1) 15

3. Management of DKA (95/2) 15

4. Emergency management of DKA (93/1) 15

5. 8 year, h/o vomiting, severe abdominal pain for 2 days. Dehydrated,

acidotic breathing, Blood glucose (random) 400. Outline the

management (05) 10

6. Write management of DKA (06) 5

7. Management of a child with IDDM (06/2) 10

8. Write risk factors, pathogenesis and treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Mellitus in children (07/2) 10

9. Classify severity of diabetic ketoacidosis on the basis of clinical and

blood gas examination. Briefly describe Somogyi and Dawn

phenomenon in type 1 diabetes. (08/1) 10

10. Discuss the metabolic changes associated with diabetic

ketoacidosis with steps of treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. (08/2) 10

11. A 10 year old child (body weight 22kg) presents with severe

diabetic ketoacidosis. Write down the expected clinical and investigate

findings. Outline the plan of management in first 24 hours. (09/1) 4+6

12. What are the biochemical criteria for the diagnosis of Diabetic

Ketoacidosis (DKA)? What are the goals of therapy? How will you

manage a child with DKA? (11/2) 3+3+4

13. 5 yr old child weighing 20 kg presents with Acute Diabetic

ketoacidosis. Discuss its complete management. (12/2) 10

14. Discuss the pathophysiological abnormalities in DKA. Describe Mx of

DKA in a child weighing 20kg. (13/2)4+6

HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY

1. What are the causes of Dwarfism? How will you investigate such a case

(97/2) 15

2. SIADH (99/1) (99/2) 10

3. Indications of Growth Hormone Therapy (93/2) 10

4. Define Short Stature. Discuss the approach to a child with short stature

and the role of GH in Short Stature (05) 2+5+3

5. How will you diagnose and treat SIADH in a child (06) 5

6. How will you assess a child presenting with features of Diabetes

Insipidus (06) 10

7. A 4 year old child presents with polydipsia and polyuria. How will you

establish a diagnosis of diabetes insipidus in this case? Discuss its

management. (08/1) 10

8. Short stature – definition, differential diagnosis and management

approach. (10/1) 2+3+5

9. Diagnostic approach for a child who presented with polyuria and

polydipsia. (10/1) 10

10. Outline the diagnostic criteria of diabetes insipidus. Discuss the

management of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. (10/2) 4+6

11. Enumerate the hormones secreted by anterior pituitary and list

the factors stimulating and inhibiting secretion of growth hormone.

(10/2) 3+7

12. Outline the diagnostic criteria for Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH

Secretion (SIADH). Discuss its etiopathogenesis. (12/1) 6+4

13. Discuss approach to the diagnosis of a chid presenting with

polyuria and polydypsia. (13/2) 10

ADRENAL GLAND

1. Management of adrenogenital syndrome (96/2) 15

2. Short note- female with Ambiguous genitilia at birth (02/1) 15

3. Salt losing CAH (03/1) 15

4. Outline human sex differentiation. Provide an outline of the approach to

an infant with ambiguous genitalia. (04/2) 4+6

5. Explain synthesis of Steroid Hormones. Discuss Briefly approach to a

child born with ambiguous genitilia (05) 5+5

6. Causes of Adrenal Crises and discuss its management (06) 10

7. Discuss approach to a child with ambiguous Genitilia (06/2) 10

8. Diagnosis and management of a child with CAH (06/1) 10

9. Enumerate the causes of adrenal crisis. Provide key features of clinical

presentation and discuss its management. (08/1) 10

10. Discuss karyotype abnormalities, clinical features and

management of true hermaphroditism. (08/1) 10

11. Define delayed puberty in a male child. List the possible causes.

Describe changes in male genitals in different stages of sexual maturation.

(08/2) 10

12. Discuss the normal physiology of puberty and its relation to sexual

development. (09/1) 4+6

13. A 1 ½ year old female is brought to you with obesity, short stature,

hypertension and hypertrichosis of face and trunk. Provide differential

diagnosis and approach to investigating and managing this child. (09/1)

3+7

14. Describe the diagnostic approach in a 2 year old child with

ambiguous genitalia (09/2) 10

14. Physiology of puberty in boys and girls (10/1) 10

15. Clinical features, investigations and treatment of pheochromocytoma.

(10/1) 3+3+4

16. Outline the diagnostic approach to a 14 years old boy with infantile

genitalia. (10/1) 10

17. Define and classify precocious puberty in boys according to its etiology.

Outline the approach for investigating a boy with precocious puberty.

(11/1) 2+4+4

18. Describe normal sexual differentiation in fetus. What is intersex?

Describe etiological classification of disorders of Sex Development (DSD).

(11/2)2+2+6

19. Define delayed puberty.describe etiology and diagnostic evaluation.

(13/2)2+4+4

PARATHYROID GLAND

1. Role of hormones in calcium balance (03/2) 15

2. Outline the calcium metabolism. Discuss the causes and management of

Hypocalcemia in a 3 yrs old (07/2) 10

3. Differentiate between the laboratory features of hypoparathyroidism,

pseudohypoparathyroidism and hyperparathyroidism. (08/1) (12/1)

10

4. Describe the calcium metabolism in a child. Detail the clinical

manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of a child with

pseudohypoparathyroidism. (08/2) 10

5. Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and

treatment of hypercalcemia. (09/1) 10

6. Define hypocalcemia. Enumerate hormones affecting calcium balance in

the body. Describe their respective roles in calcium homeostasis.

(13/1)2+3+5

23 NERVOUS SYSTEM

CNS INFECTIONS

1. Chronic Meningitis – clinical approach and management (02/1) 15

2. Discuss diagnosis and management of Viral Encephalitis (97/1) 15

3. Pathophysiology of Acute Encephalitis (03/1) 15

4. Pathogenesis, management and prognosis of H.Influenzae Meningitis in

children (06) 10

5. Discuss briefly epidemiology, investigations and management of Viral

Meningoencephalitis (07/1) 10

6. Enumerate risk factors for brain abscess. Outline a scheme for

investigating and treatment a 10 year old child with brain abscess.

(08/1) 10

7. Discuss the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (09/1) 4+6

8. Enumerate risk factors for brain abscess. Outline investigations and

treatment of brain abscess in children. (09/2) 4+2+4

NEUROLOGICAL EVALUATION

1. Outline the pathway of seventh cranial. Discuss the diagnosis and

management of Bell’s palsy. (04/2) 4+3+3

2. Briefly discuss the role of electrophysiological studies in pediatric

neurological disorders. (04/2) 10

3. What are the signs of meningeal irritation in a 2 year old child? How do

you elicit them? How will you rule out Pseudo-neck rigidity (05) 10

4. Give 5 examples each of UMN and LMN lesion. How do you clinically

differentiate between UMN and LMN lesions? What is the importance of

fundus examination in a child with Para paresis (05) 10

5. Modified Glasgow Coma Scale in a 1 year old Child (03/1) 15

6. Clinical significance of Postural Reflexes (06) 10

7. List the etiologies of acute peripheral facial palsy. Discuss the clinical

features, Mx and prognosis of Bels palsy in a 10 yr old girl.

(13/2)3+2+2+2

SEIZURES IN CHILDHOOD, CONDITIONS MIMICKING SEIZURES

1. Enumerate newer drugs for treatment of Epilepsy with their uses

(02/1) 15

2. Pseudoseizures (98/2) 10

3. Management of a case of Complex Partial Seizure (98/2) 10

4. Breath Holding spells (98/1) 15

5. Etiology and management of Febrile Seizures (98/1) 15

6. What are the causes of convulsions in infancy and childhood How will

you investigate such a case (97/2) 15

7. Treatment of Breath Holding spells (97/1) 10

8. Classification of Epilepsy and treatment of Simple Partial Seizures

(96/2) 12

9. Management of children with partial epilepsy (95/1) 15

10. Infantile spasms (99/2) 10

11. Conditions mimicking seizures (99/2) 15

12. Partial Seizures 15

13. Approach to an infant with myoclonic seizures (00/1) 15

14. Treatment of Status Epilepticus in a 5 year old Child (95/2) 10

15. Management of Children with Partial Seizures (95/1) 15

16. Benign Rolandic Epilepsy of Childhood (93/1) 15

17. Definition, prognosis and management of Febrile Convulsion

(93/1) 15

18. What are the causes of Convulsions in children? Discuss the

management of Status Epilepticus (05) 5+5

19. Define Febrile Convulsions. Discuss the management of a 2 year

old child who presents to the emergency room with first episode of

Febrile Seizure. Add a note on anticonvulsant Prophylaxis in febrile

seizure. (06) 10

20. Diagnosis and management of a child with Partial Focal Seizure

(06/2) 10

21. Discuss conditions that mimic seizures in children (07/2) 10

22. Indications for the therapeutic use of newer anticonvulsants in

childhood seizure states and their potential adverse effects (07/1) 10

23. Newer Antiepileptic drugs (99/1) 15

24. An 8 year old apparently well boy presents with generalized

seizures for the last one hour. How will you approach (including history

and examination) this child? Discuss the management of this patient.

(08/2) 10

25. Write the characteristic features of febrile seizures in children.

Enumerate the differentiating points for atypical febrile seizure. Outline

the indications and regime for continuous prophylaxis in febrile

seizures. (10/2) 2+2+3+3

26. Define myoclonic epilepsy. Discuss in brief the characteristic

features of different types of myoclonic epilepsies, with onset in infancy.

(10/2) 2+8

27. Enumerate the etiology of first episode of complex partial seizures

in a 7 year old boy. Provide an approach to management of this child.

(11/1) 4+6

28. Describe the etiology, types and EEG changes of infantile spasms.

Outline the treatment protocol. (12/1) 2+3+1+4

29. Enlist epileptic syndromes seen in children. Define status

epilepticus and outline briefly the Mx protocol of West syndrome.

(12/2) 3+(2+5)

30. Brief notes on

A) Newer antiepileptic drugs

B) ADEM (13/1) 5+5

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF CNS

1. Role of Folic Acid in prevention of Neural Tube Defects (98/2) 10

2. Normal CSF circulation in Newborns and the changes that take place in

Aqueductal Stenosis (98/2) 10

3. Prevention of Neural Tube Defects (97/2) 15

4. Hydrocephalus in infancy (96/2) 14

5. Etiology and pathophysiology of hydrocephalus (99/2) 15

6. Dandy Walker Malformation (03/1) 15

7. List the causes of Hydrocephalus in children. What is the pathogenesis

and discuss the management (05) 10

8. Discuss briefly the possible predisposing factors, types of open Neural

Tube Defects in children and its prevention (07/1) 10

9. Describe the normal cerebrospinal fluid pathway with the help of a

diagram. Define and classify hydrocephalus and enlist its causes. (09/1)

4+6

10. List the neurocutaneous syndromes. Describe the genetics,

cellular defect, clinical manifestation and diagnosis of tuberous

sclerosis. (09/2) 3+1+1+3+2

11. What are the causes of congenital hydrocephalus? Describe

clinical features and management of an infant with Arnold Chiari

malformation. (09/2) 4+6

12. Describe growth velocity of head size from birth till 5 years of age.

Define microcephaly. Enumerate its etiology and approach to diagnosis

in a child with microcephaly. (10/1) 3+2+2+3

13. Enumerate various types of neural tube defects and discuss their

embryogenesis. Outline in brief management of meningomyelocele.

(11/1) 3+3+4

14. Describe briefly cerebro – spinal fluid formation, circulation,

absorption and enumerate causes of hydrocephalus. (11/2) 3+2+2+3

15. Define microcephaly. Enumerate causes of primary and secondary

microcephaly. Outline the diagnostic approach of a 2 years old child

brought to the hospitalwith small sized head. (12/1) 1+4+5

16. Discuss embryogenesis of NTD. Discuss in brief its Clinical

features. (12/2)5+5

17. Define craniosynostosis and its types. Name specific syndromes

associated with craniosynostosis. Describe clinical characteristic of

common types of craniosynostosis. (13/2)3+3+4

ACUTE STROKE SYNDROMES

1. Stroke in childhood (00/1) 15

2. Discuss the etiopathogenesis of acute onset hemiplegia in a 3 year old

child. How will you manage this child. (04/2) 4+6

3. Discuss the aetiopathogenesis, clinical symptomatology and differential

diagnosis of childhood stroke (06/2) 10

4. Briefly discuss the arterial supply of Brain. Outline the causes of acute

hemiplegia in a 2 year old child (07/2) 10

5. Describe the causes of arterial thromboembolism in children. Outline

the management of a child with acute hemiplegia. (08/1) 10

6. What are the causes of hypercoagulable state in children? How will you

manage a case of acute hemiplegia? (09/2) 4+6

7. Enumerate the causes of stroke in children. Discuss the diagnostic

approach for managing a child with stroke. (11/2) 3+7

8. List the causes of stroke in children. How will u differentiate stroke from

other stroke like illnesses. Wht are the radiological findings in a child

with Ischaemic stroke.(12/2)3+3+4

HEADACHE

1. Define Migraine in children. Discuss the classification of Migraine and

write its management (07/2) 10

2. Classification and management of Migraine (07/1) 10

3. List causes of headache in children. Outline an approach for a 10 year

old child with headache. (11/1) 4+6

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Differential diagnosis of Floppy Infant (96/1) 12

2. Pseudotumor Cerebri (99/2) 10

3. Toxic Neuropathy 15

4. Discuss the pathophysiology and management of Raised Intracranial

Tension 25

5. Pathophysiology of Cerebral Edema (00/1) 15

6. Signs and symptoms of a tumor at CP angle, in relation to the anatomy

of different structures at this point (93/2) 15

7. Pathophysiology of Sleep Apnea (03/1) 15

8. Discuss the diagnosis and investigation plan for a 2 year old child with

regression of milestones and generalized seizures (93/1) 25

9. Pseudoparalysis (06) 5

10. Enlist the possible conditions which could result in a 24 month

old child with history of regression of milestones for past 8 month. The

child also has a liver enlargement. Detail the clinical manifestation of

Tay Sach Disease? (08/1) 10

11. Outline the steps in managing intracranial hypertension and

provide rationale for each of these steps. (09/1) 10

12. Describe evaluation of a child with cerebral palsy. (09/2) 10

13. Define raised intracranial pressure. Describe its clinical features

and management. (10/1) 2+3+5

14. Discuss DD of a floppy infant. Write short note on clinical and lab

characteristics of Werdnig- Hoffman disease. (13/1)4+3+3

24 NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS

1. Family Genetic Counseling to parents with 2 boys having calf

hypertrophy and progressive proximal leg muscle weakness (07/1) 10

2. Describe the different types of hereditary neuropathies. Outline the

diagnostic approach and management of type 1 hereditary motor and

sensory neuropathy. (10/1) 4+6

3. Clinical features, diagnostic evaluation and treatment of myasthenia

gravis. (10/1) 3+3+4

4. Discuss about the clinical features, types, diagnosis and management of

Myasthenia Gravis. (11/2) 3+2+2+3

25 EYE

1. Evaluation and management of an infant with squint (95/2) 15

2. Proptosis (94) 15

3. What are the common causes of Blindness in children? Discuss steps to

prevent Blindness in this group (05) 3+7

4. Describe the characteristic changes observed in fundus examination of a

child with (10/2) 4+3+3

i Chronic Hypertension

ii Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia

iii Long standing diabetes mellitus

26 EAR

1. Outline development of normal hearing in children. List causes of

Hearing impairment in a I year old child and its diagnostic approach

(07/2) 10

2. Recurrent Acute Otitis Media in children (07/1) 10

3. Describe the types of hearing loss in children. Enumerate the causes of

hearing loss in children. (10/2) 4+6

4. Outline the etiopathogenesis of acute suppurative otitis media. Discuss

in brief the treatment and complications of acute suppurative otitis

media (ASOM) in children. (11/1) 3+4+3

5. Describe the etiopathogenesis and clinical features in a 3 year old child

with hearing impairment. What are the laboratory tests for assessment

of such a child.? (12/1) 3+3+4

6. Describe the age appropriate tests for checking visual acuity in children

and their limitations(13/2)10

27 SKIN

1. Diagnosis and management of a 2 year old child with Petechial skin rash

(98/1) 15

2. Clinical conditions associated with Maculopapular rashes in children

and their differential diagnosis (95/1) 10

3. Erythema Nodosum (99/2) 10

4. New developments in management of Vascular Nevi and scabies in

children (93/1)

5. Review the etiology and management of adolescent acne. What are the

psychological complications in children (06) 10

6. Seborrheic Dematitis in children (07/1) 10

7. Enumerate the causes of persistent fever which are not due to infection.

Describe the clinical presentation of ectodermal dysplasias. (08/1) 10

8. Outline the characteristic clinical features of ‘erythema multiforme’ and

‘Steven – Johnson syndrome’. Enumerate the principles of management

of Steven – Johnson syndrome. (10/2) 4+3+3

9. Discuss briefly etiology, CF and Mx of steven Johnson syndrome.

(13/2)3+3+4

28 BONE AND JOINT DISORDERS

1. Congenital Dislocation of Hip (07/1) 5

2. Achondroplasia (07/1) 5

3. Classification and management of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (07/1) 10

4. Describe developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Enumerate risk

factors for the same. Enlist its clinical features. How do you confirm its

diagnosis? Outline the management. (08/1) 10

5. Define skeletal dysplasia. Describe the clinical features and radiological

changes of achondroplasia. (10/1) 3+3+4

6. Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and management of

Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH) (10/2) 3+4+3

7. What is developmental dysplasia of hip and its classification? Describe

the various age appropriate clinical tests for this condition. Outline the

treatment for this condition at different ages. (13/2)2+4+4

8.

29 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH HAZARDS

1. Adverse effects of Environmental pollution in children (96/1) 15

2. Organophosphorous insecticide poisoning (95/1) 15

3. Lead Toxicity in children (95/1) 10

4. Management of Kerosene Oil poisoning (93/1) 10

5. Kerosene oil poisoning (06) 5

6. How will you manage acute anaphylaxis following a bee sting in a ten

year old boy (06) 10

7. Steps and management of severe iron poisoning in children (06) 10

8. Occupational and environment risks to the fetus (06/1) 5

9. Management of Lead Poisoning and organophosphorous poisoning

(07/2) 10

10. Enumerate the major routes of pesticide exposure in children.

Outline the manifestations of their toxicity. Discuss steps for

minimization/prevention of exposure to pesticides in children. (08/1)

10

11. An 8 year old child is bitten by a snake while playing in the field.

Discuss the different types of pathological changes the patient can go

through. How do you grade the severity of envenomation and discuss

the management.(08/2)10

12. A 3 year old boy has swallowed an unknown amount of toilet

cleaner and is brought to you in distress. Discuss the possible injuries,

initial and late management of this patient. (08/2) 10

13. Outline the pre-hospital and hospital management of a 10 year old

boy bitten by a poisonous snake. (09/1) (10)

14. Enumerate various air pollutants and discuss their effects on

health of children (09/1) 3+7

15. Enumerate clinical features of iron poisoning and describe its

management (09/2) 3+7

16. Enumerate sources of lead poisoning. Outline the mechanism of

toxicity and clinical features of lead poisoning. (10/2) 3+3+4

17. Outline the management of dog bite in a four year old child.

(10/2) 10

18. Outline and discuss diagnosis and MN of OPP (13/1) 4+4+2

19. Describe the pathogenesis, CF and Mx of scorpion sting.

(13/1)3+3+4

20. Write the sources, cf, prevention and Rx of : (13/2)5+5

a. Mercury poisoning

b. Lead poisoning

21. How do you classify dog bites? Discuss its Mx. (13/2)4+6

30 SOCIAL PEDIATRICS

1. RCH Programme-aims and strategies (02/1) 15

2. Community management of Diarrhea and LRTI with indications for

referral (02/1) 15

3. RCH programme (98/2) 15

4. What measures can reduce Birth Rate in next 5 years (98/2) 10

5. ICDS scheme (97/2) 15

6. Discuss briefly the major goals for child survival and development by

2000AD (97/1) 25

7. Indications to use antibiotics in children with Upper Respiratory

Infections (97/1) 10

8. CSSM Programme (96/2) 15

9. Pulse Polio Immunization (96/1) 15

10. Effect of Television watching in children (95/1) 15

11. Child health care services provided through CSSM programme in

India (95/1) 15

12. Role of Pediatrician in Adoption of a child (95/1) 10

13. Objectives and strategies of ‘Maternal Child Survival And Safe

Motherhood Programme’ (94/2) 15

14. National targets for MCH services 15

15. National Leprosy Eradication Programme 15

16. Pediatric components of RCH programme (99/2) 15

17. DOTS chemotherapeutic management of Tuberculosis in National

TB Control Programme (00/1) 15

18. Use of Road To Health Charts in MCH clinics (95/2) 10

19. Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (95/2) 15

20. Failure in control of Tuberculosis (93/1) 15

21. IMNCI (03/2) 15

22. Outline the components of ICDS programme. Briefly discuss its

impact o child health in India and also causes for its failure. (04/2)

3+4+4

23. IMNCI- what is the strategy. Discuss the factors in successful

implementation of this strategy (05) 5+5

24. What is the Birth Weight specific mortality? Discuss the measures

to reduce this mortality (05) 10

25. What were the problems encountered in NTCP. Write the goals,

strategies and essential components of RNTPC. Also discuss in brief

categorization of patients and treatment protocols under RNTCP (06)

10

26. What is IMCI? What are the various criteria and limitations of this

Programme? Elaborate signs, symptoms and diseases covered under

this programme (06) 10

27. How do you classify the severity of acute respiratory infections

using the IMNCI protocol? (06) 10

28. RCH Programme in India (06) 10

29. DOTS regimen and the problems involved in the implementation

in childhood TB (06) 10

30. National AIDS control Programme in preventing Childhood AIDS

(06/1) 10

31. National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme (07/2)

10

32. Write a short note on National Rural Health Mission (07/1)

(09/2) 10

33. Briefly describe “baby friendly hospital initiative” and list ten

steps to successful breast feeding. (08/1) 10

34. Define ‘biomedical waste’. Briefly categorize them. Enumerate

their health hazards. List 4 important methods for disposal of

biomedical wastes. (08/1)10

35. Describe briefly the principles of integrated management of

neonatal and childhood illness (IMNCI). Outline the broad steps of case

management process. (08/1) 10

36. Enumerate chief causes of neonatal mortality in India. Describe

the current status in India and its status. Prepare a 5 year plan for

reduction of neonatal mortality rate in your district. (08/1) 10

37. List and define the important public health indicators of mortality

in children. Also discuss their current status in India. (09/1) 7+3

38. Outline the essential components and principles of IMNCI

strategy. Highlight the cardinal features of case management process of

young infants (<2 months) (09/1) 4+6

39. What are the major contributors to the high infant mortality in

our country? What Specific areas of infant or/and newborn care can be

strengthened to decrease infant mortality in India. Describe the salient

features of the integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness

strategy. (09/2) 2+3+5

40. a) Describe the category based treatment in childhood TB (09/2)3

b) Describe the pros and cons of intermittent therapy for tuberculosis

(09/2)3

c) What are the components of DOTS strategy as defined by WHO?

(09/2) 4

41. Enumerate the Millennium Development Goals. Describe briefly the

National Health Programs to achieve Millenium Development Goals (MDG)

in India. Write the status of India in relation to health indicators in NHFS –

3. (10/1)2+4+4

42. Define under – 5 mortality rate. Comment on its current status and

etiology in India. Outline important strategies/ programs undertaken by

Govt. of India to improve Under – 5 child survival. (10/2) 2+2+2+4

43. Define and explain sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and

negative predictive value of a diagnostic test. (10/2) 2.5 X 4

44. Expand the acronym ‘ASHA’. Outline the functions and

remuneration of ASHA. Discuss the potential impact of ASHA in

improving the health status and well being of a community. (11/1)

1+4+5

45. Discuss the justification for the addition of neonatal component to WHO

generic IMCI programme for making IMNCI strategy. What are the key

features of this strategy? (11/2) 5+5

46. What is BFHI (Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative)? Mention its aims and

objectives, steps, benefits and assessments of baby friendly hospitals.

(11/2) 2+2+2+2+2

49. Describe the flow chart for diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis under

RNTCP. Write briefly on DOT PLUS program. (12/1) 6+4

47. Define various indicators of child health which are important in context

of monitoring child health in a developing country. Outline the

interventions to reduce them. (12/1) 5+5

48. Define biomedical waste. Describe its hazards. Outline modes of

disposal of biomedical waste generated in a hospital setting. (12/1) 2+3+5

51. Define and describe the following concepts used for measuring growth:

a) Percentile b) Percent of median c) Z scores. Discuss their relation to

each other. (12/1) 2+2+3+3

52. enumerate criteria to classify “ possible serious bacterial infection” in

an infant 0 – 2 mnt of age according to IMNCI. Briefly outline the diagnostic

importance and validity of neonatal sepsis screening.(12/2) 5+5

53. Define perinatal and neonatal mortality. Enumerate important causes

of neonatal mortality and outline community based strategies to reduce it.

(12/2) 2+(4+4)

54. Write notes on

a) Role of pediatrician in adopting a child

b) Principles of sleep hygiene in children(13/1) 5+5

55.Briefly outline the following

a)tips on parental guidance for computer and internet usage by children

b) salient differences b/w national and IAP immunization schedule

(13/1) 5+5

56.Write short notes on (13/2)5+5

a) ASHA

b) MDG focused on children

EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE

1. Define evidence based medicine, as applicable to pediatric practice.

Enlist basic steps in the practice of evidence based medicine. Name few

databases of systematic reviews. (08/1) 10

2. Clarify the concept of evidence based medicine. Define ‘strength of

evidence’ and ‘quality of evidence’. Provide suitable examples to justify

your definitions. (11/1) 3+3+4

3. What is Evidence Based Medicine? How are the guidelines based on

Evidence Based Medicine developed? How are the recommendation graded

for the level of evidence? (11/2) 2+4+4

31 PHARMACOLOGY

IMMUNOGLOBULIN

1. Indications for use of I V Immunoglobulin in Pediatric Practice (06) 10

2. Briefly outline the uses for I v immunoglobulin(IVIG) in children (07/2)

10

3. Indications for using I v immunoglobulin in children (97/1) 10

4. Role of I V Ig in pediatric practice (00/1) 15

5. Enlist the common indications for the use of I.V.I.G.. Describe the

mechanism of action, doses and its side effects. (10/1) 3+3+2+2

6. Describe in brief the diseases in which IVIG is used for treatment. Write

the dosage, administration and side effects of IVIG. (10/2) 5+2+1+2

7. Discuss the indications and plausible mechanisms of action of

intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in various pediatric disorders.

(13/2)10

INTERFERON

1. Clinical importance of Interferon (98/2) 10

NO

1. Physiological basis and therapeutic basis of NO (98/2) 10

2. Clinical use of NO (03/2) 15

ATD

1. Discuss the mechanism of Antibiotic resistance with special focus on

ATD (97/2) 25

2. Preventive chemotherapy in childhood TB (96/1) 15

3. Rifampicin Therapy in children (95/1) 10

CHELATING AGENTS

1. Iron chelation therapy (06) (00/1) 5

2. Oral chelating agents (94/2) 15

ANTIBIOTICS

1. Management of infections by organisms producing extended spectrum

beta lactamase (06/1) 10

2. Enumerate pediatric conditions in which Erythromycin is the drug of

choice (97/1) 10

3. Cephalosporins (94) 15

4. Describe various mechanisms for development of Drug Resistance by

bacterial pathogens against antibiotics. What factors are known to

enhance drug resistance? Enumerate Anti Staphylococcal agents (92) 25

5. Discuss the basis for development of antibiotic resistance. Outline the

steps for prevention of antibiotic resistance. (04/2) 5+5

6. Early detection of Chloramphenicol toxicity (03/1) 15

7. Third generation cephalosporins (03/1) 15

8. Aztreonam (03/2) 15

ANTIFUNGALS

1. Describe the antifungals available for systemic use in India with their

dosage, route and duration of therapy for treatment of a) systemic

candidiasis; and b) Invasive aspergillosis (09/2) 5+5

ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

1. Antiviral drugs (99/1) 15

ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS

See Nervous System

BRONCHODILATORS

1. Bronchodilators (94/2) 15

ERYTHROPOIETIN

1. Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (94/2) 15

ANTIMALARIAL

1. Malaria prophylaxis (94/2) 15

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Mechanism of Drug resistance (97/1) 15

32 VACCINES

MISCELLANEOUS

3. Enumerate all the diseases against which vaccines are currently

available (93/2) 15

4. Describe briefly various adverse reactions following vaccinations and

discuss their management (97/2) 25

5. Live vaccines used in pediatric age group (95/1) 10

6. Combination vaccine (99/2) (03/1) 15

7. Vaccine Vial Monitor 15

8. Cold Chain (00/1) 15

9. Adverse reactions that may occur following use of vaccines included in

the National Immunization Schedule in India (95/2) 10

10. Immunization schedule basis in child suffering from AIDS (94) 15

11. Describe the criteria or conditions to be considered for approving

a ‘newer’ vaccine in an immunization program of a developing country.

(08/1) 10

12. Discuss safe injection practices at a level three health care facility.

Outline the management of a needle stick injury to a health care

provider 10 minutes back. (08/2) 10

13. Tabulate the various newer vaccines available to prevent

respiratory disease in children, with their types, dosage schedule, route,

important side effects and efficacy. (11/2) 10

14. Define combination vaccines. Mention advantages and

disadvantages of such vaccines. Enlist various combination vaccines in

use in our country.(12/2) 2+(2+2)+4

15. Define adverse events following immunization. Classify AEFI.

Outline the steps of Mx of anaphylaxis following Vaccination .(12/2) 2+8

16. Describe the conditions to be considered for approving a “newer

vaccine “ in the immunization program of a developing country.

(13/2)10

17. Define the following: (13/1) 2*5

a. Herd immunity

b. Herd effect

c. Vaccine immunogenicity

d. Vaccine efficacy and

e. Vaccine effecctiveness

RABIES VACCINE

1. Write briefly about different types of vaccine against rabies. Discuss various

schedules of pre and post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies. (12/1) 5+5

VARICELLA VACCINE

1. Varicella vaccine (00/1) 15

MEASLES VACCINE

1. Complications of measles vaccination and management (94/2) 15

HiB VACCINE

1. H Influenzae B vaccine (98/2) 15

2. Tabulate the following details with regards to Rotavirus vaccine, HIB

vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine: (09/2) 10

1. Type of vaccine

2. Dose

3. Route

4. Appropriate age of vaccination

5. Justification of its usage

6. Side effect and

7. Drawback

TYPHOID VACCINE

1. Typhoid Vaccines (97/1) 15

HEPATITIS B VACCINE

1. Hepatitis B vaccine (96/1) (97/1) 10

PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE

1. Pneumococcal vaccine (96/2) 15

INFLUENZA

1. Influenza Type B vaccine (98/1) 15

HEPATITIS B

1. Hepatitis B immunization (93/2) 10

DPT

1. Current status of post-DPT vaccine encephalopathy (93/1) 15

POLIO

1. Status of Polio vaccines (93/1) 15

2. Discuss the current role, advantages and disadvantages of OPV and IPV

in control and eradication of poliomyelitis in India. (11/1) 4+6

HPV

1. Utility and controversy of HPV Vaccine. (10/1) 5+5

33 MISCELLANEOUS

1. Outline the common ethical issues in pediatric practice. Briefly discuss the

process of decision making in pediatric life sustaining interventions. (04)

4+6

2. CPAP (06) 10

3. Hospital Waste Management (06) 10

4. Tetany in children (96/1) 12

5. Pathophysiology of regulation of Plasma Osmolality (06) 10

6. Role of Pediatrician in Disaster management (06/1) 10

7. Pathogenesis of oedema (95/1) 15

8. Pulse Oximetry and its limitations (98/1) 15

9. Discuss the measures to prevent accidents in children (98/1) 25

10. Role of oxygen free radicals in the causation of childhood diseases

(97/1) 15

11. Food Fussiness in children (95/1) 10

12. Recent understanding of SIDS (94/1) 15

13. Dimorphic child (94/2) 15

14. Discuss the management of a 3 tear old unconscious child

(99/1)25

15. Prevention of Vertically transmitted diseases (99/1) 15

16. PCR and its significance in clinical practice (00/1) 15

17. Value of USG in pediatrics (93/1) 10

18. Role of Upper GI Endoscopy (93/1) 15

19. Discuss diagnosis and management of an unconscious child

(92/2) 25

20. Epidemiology and prevention of accidents in children (92/2) 15

21. PCR (92) 15

22. Discuss management of child with injuries (05) 5