DNB QUESTION BANK

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DNB QUESTION BANK PHYSICS 99mTechnetium,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 Describe in detail planning of ideal modern diagnostic angiographic vascular lab For the diagnostic and interventional purposes. Discuss the meaning of ionic and non ionic contrast media,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 Describe the cross sectional details of a conventional X- ray film and that of a one side coated imaging film,1,1,1 Discuss the physical principles involved in 2D Doppler, color Doppler and USG contrast agents in vascular imaging. *Name the various interactions of x-ray photons with matter. Describe any two,1,1,1 Factors affecting contrast of an image,1 Principle of Doppler with color flow imaging.,1,1,1,1 *Scattered radiation.,1 *Intensifying screens,1,1,1,1,1 *Methods of limiting the ill-effects of radiation in radio diagnosis. Transducers used for cranial Sonography. *Stationary x-ray grids,1 *Dark room safe lights. Emission computed tomography. * High kV technique for chest radiography,1,1 Xeroradiography,1 *Describe modern x-ray tube anode,1,1,1,1 Describe the advantages of Digital radiograph in chest over routine radiographs. Factors affecting image quality in CT. Factors affecting scatter radiation and methods for reducing the scatter radiation,1 1

Transcript of DNB QUESTION BANK

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DNB QUESTION BANK

PHYSICS

99mTechnetium,1,1,1,1,1,1,1Describe in detail planning of ideal modern diagnostic angiographic vascular lab For the diagnostic and interventional purposes.Discuss the meaning of ionic and non ionic contrast media,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1Describe the cross sectional details of a conventional X-ray film and that of a one side coated imaging film,1,1,1Discuss the physical principles involved in 2D Doppler, color Doppler and USG contrast agents in vascular imaging.*Name the various interactions of x-ray photons with matter. Describe any two,1,1,1Factors affecting contrast of an image,1Principle of Doppler with color flow imaging.,1,1,1,1*Scattered radiation.,1*Intensifying screens,1,1,1,1,1*Methods of limiting the ill-effects of radiation in radio diagnosis.Transducers used for cranial Sonography.*Stationary x-ray grids,1*Dark room safe lights.Emission computed tomography.* High kV technique for chest radiography,1,1Xeroradiography,1*Describe modern x-ray tube anode,1,1,1,1Describe the advantages of Digital radiograph in chest over routine radiographs.Factors affecting image quality in CT.Factors affecting scatter radiation and methods for reducing the scatter radiation,1Phosphors used in intensifying screens.Radiation protection,1Basic principles of DSA,1,1,1,1,1,1,1Radiology information systems.What are the harmful effects of ionizing radiation? Describe the steps which can be Taken to protect the patients in a diagnostic radiology department,1.Light beam diaphragm.Physical principles of image intensifiers,1,1,1,1

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Film badge service,1,1,1,1Half value layer,1,1 Non-screen films.Rectification of x-ray tube,1,..Describe in detail Mammography. Explain the different image receptors employed.Write short notes on PET.,1Write short notes on Cine Radiography.Physical principles of CT scan,1,1,1Focal point of X-ray tube.What do you understand by the terms Primary and secondary radiation.What are the harmful effects of secondary radiation on the quality of radiograph? Describe the measures to improve the quality.Single phase and three phase X–ray equipments.Artefacts in radiographic film,1Automatic (film) processor,1,1,1,1,1,1Gradient echo imaging.Transducer used in 2-D real time ultrasonography.Characteristic curves of x-ray films,1Attenuation of radiation.Biological effects of radiation,1,1,1Describe the phenomenon of radioactivity. Name the common radioactive isotopes used in Diagnostic procedures, highlighting their merits and limitations in various organ systems.Physical principles of tomography.Describe the ways the radioactive nuclei disintegrate. Discuss the criterion in selecting radioisotopes in nuclear medicine for various purposes.Explain in detail how you would protect personnel, patients and public from the radiation you use in radio diagnosis and radio isotopes studies.TomographyRectifiersStandard ionization chambersUnsharpness in radiographyWhat are the transformers used in diagnostic radiology? Describe the construction of step-up transformer with the diagram,1,1,1What are the radio isotopes used in diagnostic radiology? What are the radiation hazards and how do you prevent the same,1,1,1SN on grids,1,1,1,1,1,1,1

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SN on filters,1,1,1SN on Focal spots,1,1SN on X-ray films. Discuss the factors that affect the quality of radiograph and methods adopted to improve them.SN on Film badge,1,1,1,1,1Draw the basic structure of a transducer. Discuss merits and demerits of various Transducers available.,1,1,1,1Methods for evaluation of grid performance,1.Technical principles for Mammography equipment.Intra cavitary Sonography.What is rectification? Discuss the solid state rectifiers and its advantages over Conventional vacuum rectifiers,1,1How do you test the working of rectifier system?SN on Iohexol.(Omniscan)SN on Vector Principle.Write short notes on Digital radiography,1.Write short notes on fast MRI sequences.Write short notes on Rotating anode X-ray tube.Discuss the physical principles of magnetic resonance.imaging,1,1,1Write short notes on standard development of x –ray films.Write short notes on rating of an x-ray tube..Define Roentgen and Rad.Explain the construction of a modern X ray tube with innovative technological changes.Define Isotope and Isomer.Explain with diagram the working of a scintillation detector system for gamma detection.Write short notes on AERB Regulations,1.Write short notes on Auto transformer,1.Discuss the characteristic design features of four generations of CT Scanners.Describe gamma camera in detail.Write short notes on TLD.Write short notes on Linear accelerator.What is ‘quality’ and ‘intensity’ of X-ray beam coming out of a diagnostic X ray machine.Explain various physical parameters which affects these quantities.

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What is the difference between ‘attenuation’ and ‘absorption’ of X rays by medium?Write in detail the photo electric and Compton processes and their relevance to diagnostic radiology including computed tomography.Write short notes on Mass miniature radiography. Write short notes on Diagnostic ultrasound.Write short notes on Soft Tissue Radiography.Write briefly on Rare Earth Screen.Describe the parts of an X-ray tube. How are x-rays produced? Discuss the general characteristics of X-ray Beam Spectrum coming out of the X-ray tube.Discuss the principles of production of an X-ray image. What are the factors affecting the quality of an x-ray image?Write in detail about the construction and working of a high tension transformer. What are the different transformer losses and how can they be minimized.Write briefly on Characteristic X-rays.*Write briefly on Cooling of X-ray tubes.How will you plan a department for a whole body CT Scanner.Write short notes on Image Intensifiers.,1(construction,working)*Write short notes on X-ray Dosimeter.*Write short notes on Electronic timer.Discuss the principle and function of various X-ray units employed in Diagnostic Radiology.*Write short notes on Radiation Units.*Write short notes on Xeroradiography.What are the components of X-ray developer? Describe the action of each component.Write briefly on Linear Tomography.Describe the construction of the dark room of your department.Write briefly on I 131.Write briefly on Gamma rays.Write briefly on Dental film.Write briefly on Standard development of X-ray films.Describe the components of a Manual X-ray film processing unit. Discuss the stages involved in film processing.Write briefly on Negative contrast materials.Write briefly on parts of an X-ray cassette.Write briefly on Bucky.Write briefly on Hounsfield number.

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Discuss the physical principles of medical ultrasound. Highlight some of the important use of ultrasound in diagnosis and treatment.Write briefly on methods of limiting radiation form your X-ray tube.Write briefly on Rapid film developer.Write briefly on Angiographic catheters. Write short notes on Radiographic contrast.Write briefly on beam limiting devices.,1Write short notes on properties of X-rays..Write short notes on medical X-ray films processing chemicals.Briefly discuss technical parameters of an X-ray equipment for fluoroscopic procedures.Write short notes on Safe light.Write short notes on film contrast.Write short notes on Penumbra.Write short notes on Inverse square law.Write short notes on Electromagnetic Radiation.Write short notes on Bremstrahlung Radiation.Write short notes on air gap technique.Discuss the Biological effects of Radiations and the measures taken against its protection for Radiation workers and patients in Radio-diagnosis dept.Describe in detail various protective measures in diagnostic and therapy departments.SN on resistances in series and parallel.SN on tube rating charts.SN on Photo multiplier tube.SN on Cyclotron.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Role of plain skiagram chest in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertensionWhat is HRCT. Describes its techniques and its role in lung diseasesSolitary Pulmonary Nodule,1,1Thoracic manifestations of histiocytosis,1,1Radiological evaluation of cavitary lung diseases.Superior sulcal tumours,1,1,1(PANCOAST)Pleural tumours,1Diagnosis of pulmonary infarction,1HPOA,1.,1,1,1,

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Inflammatory type of lungs due to non-acquired type of impaired defense mechanisms,1Imaging in opaque hemithorax,1Metastatic lung lesions.CT in Myasthenia Gravis.Pathology of pulmonary hamartoma. Local pleural masses.Radiological features of collagen disorders as reflected in chest radiographs,1Radiodiagnosis of anterior mediastinal masses,1,1Describe the common bacterial pneumonias in adults.Briefly discuss the differentiating features of intra and extra lobar sequestration of lung,1,1,1,1,1,1,1Briefly discuss the fungal ball and mention the D/D.Tracheo-oesophageal developmental anomalies.D/D and role of imaging in solitary coin lesion of lung,1,1,1Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis,1,1FNAC of lung lesion.D/D and role of imaging in posterior mediastinal masses,1,1,1Pulmonary Sarcoidosis,1What are the different mediastinal masses? What is the contribution of radiology and imaging in their diagnosis,1,1,1,1Enumerate the systemic manifestations and the role of imaging in diagnosing them,1Lung changes in mitral Stenosis.Radiological evaluation of postoperative chest.Imaging methods for investigation of resp. tract.Pleural mesothelioma.Imaging in thymic lesion,1Classify the causes of pulmonary plethora and its distinctive features,1,1Lung changes in systemic disorders.Technical faults mimicking disease in chest radiography. (routine views)Pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism. Detail the imaging modalities for diagnosis of this entity with their relative merits and demerits,1,1,1,1,1,1.,1,1Classify congenital lung diseases. Describe the appearances as seen by various radiological and other imaging modalities.Injuries to lung.

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Rheumatoid lung disease.Briefly discuss the following aspects of bronchogenic carcinoma; various investigations employed to establish the diagnosis and operability, aetiology and predisposing factors,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1.Plain skiagram appearances of central tendon carcinoma and peripheral malignant solitary lesion. How does CT help to provide further information in a suspected case. Lung lesions in AIDSPulmonary alveolar proteinosis.Lymphatic drainage of lungs and role of imaging in diagnosing pulmonary oedema.,1,1,1,SN on Kerley lines,1SN on Diaphragmatic hernia.Write short notes on Encysted pleural effusion..Write short notes on Adult Respiratory Distress syndis of military shadows in lungs.Write short notes on unilateral radiolucent lung.Write short notes on diffuse pulmonary fibrosis.Write short notes on atypical pneumonias. Write short notes on HRCT of chest –principle and pitfalls.Describe the aetiopathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension. Discuss the radiological investigation in a case of Pulmonary Hypertension and describe how the pulmonary hypertension is estimated.Write short notes on Coin lesions of lungs.Write short notes on Pneumomediastinum.Discuss the role of imaging and intervention in a patient with hemoptysis. Enumerate causes of haemoptysis.Discuss chest radiograph and CT findings in pulmonary tuberculosis,1Discuss the radiological features and role of high resolution computed tomography in interstitial lung lesion.Write briefly on Thymoma.Discuss the radiological and imaging methods in the diagnosis of pleural lesions.Writesions SN on diaphragmatic hernia. Describe Bronchopulmonary segments and discuss their importance in radiology Primary complex.

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Discuss the D/D of the various nodular opacities in the lung.SN on Azygous lobe.Classify diffuse lung parenchymal disease and highlight its roentgen features and D/DDoes CT evaluation contribute to its further analysis and management.)Briener’s Granuloma. Respiratory distress syndrome- causes and its important radiological features on plain radiography of chest.What are clinical applications of computed tomography in evaluation of non-neoplastic lung diseases.Write short notes on evaluation of differential diagnosis of Hilar mass...Write short notes on Pan acinar emphysema.

CVS

Briefly describe the Imaging in aorto-arteritis,1,1,1The parameters of assessing cardiac chambers and enlargement of individual cardiac chambers on x-ray of chest,1,1Interventional techniques in lower limb ischemia.Left atrial myxoma,1Imaging in aortic dissection,1Isotopes in myocardium of Aorta.,1Determination of the atrial situs.,1Pulmonary venous hypertension,1TAPVC,1,1Imaging in the diseases of the aortaImaging features of pericardial lesionR/F of SVC syndrome

Describe the imaging modalities for the investigation of DVT in lower limbs

Briefly describe the causes and R/F of left atrial enlargementUltrasonographic evaluation of peripheral arterial diseasesRole of plain CXR in the diagnosis of congenital heart diseasesContribution of radiology in the management of systemic HTPulsed Doppler echocardiography in Mitral StenosisInterventional procedures in vascular radiology

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Radioisotopes in cardiac imaging,1,1Constrictive Pericarditis,1,1,1Imaging in aortic arch anomaliesInterruption of aorta.Investigation and management of a patient with intermittent claudication Complication of arteriographyClassify the types of aneurysm seen and discuss briefly the various radiological Methods of diagnosis available with their merits,1.

Detail the pathology and radiological diagnosis of aortoarteritis (Takayasu’s Disease).Classify congenital heart diseases. Give the R/F in left to right shunts conditions as Seen by the various imaging investigationsVSDValue of plain x-ray and fluoroscopyCardiac and pericardiac calcification,1Aortic valve diseaseDescribe the current trends in Nuclear Cardiology and its usefulness and LimitationsSN on Angioplasty.Enumerate the causes of congenital heart diseases involving left to right shunt.Describe in detail about ASD,1Describe the radiological finding and other imaging findings in mitral heart Disease and cardiomyopathyClassify congenital heart diseases. Describe the role of conventional radiological Procedures in their diagnosis and management. Has the availability of USG or Radioisotope imaging altered the approach to their diagnosis? If so, howtient with HT.SN on Fallot’s Tetralogy,1,1Describe cardiac EMF as it occurs in South India. How will you proceed to evaluate it By various imaging methods available and come to a conclusion for managementSN of R/F of Aneurysm of aorta,1,1,1,1SN on nonspecific aortoarteritis,1SN on Dextrocardia.,1SN on coarctation of aorta,1,1,1,1,1SN on subclavian stealDiscuss the plain X-ray findings of mitral Stenosis

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Describe the indication and technique of translumbar aortography. What are the Complications?SN on MR Venography,1Discuss the role of coronary angiography in coronary artery disease,1Contrast peripheral Venography and CDS: compare and contrastDiscuss the current status of vascular interventional techniquesAmyloid heart disease.Embryological development of the heart. Aneurysm of abdominal aorta.Discuss the diagnosis of cyanotic congenital heart diseases.How ASD is developed and diagnosed Radiologically,1,1,1,1,1,1Describe the aetiopathogenesis of Rheumatic Mitral valve disease. How will you investigate Radiologically and discuss the radiological features of Mitral Stenosis.Discuss the Radiological evaluation of Left Atrium with the differential diagnosis of Left Atrial enlargement.Classify Cyanotic heart disease. Discuss how ill you proceed to investigate Radiologically and also discuss the Radiological features of Congenital Cyanotic heart disease.Write short notes on Cardiac measurements.Write Schimitar synd notes on Pericardial effusion,1,1,1Write short notes on Myocardium Contrast Echocardiography.Write short notes on Coronary Arteriogram.,1(CT COR ANGIO) Write short notes on Endocardial cushion defects.Write short notes on Stress Echocardiography.Write short notes on TEE.Write short notes on Radionuclide study in Myocardial disease.Write short notes on brief narration of Interventional Radiology in Cardiovascular disorders.Write briefly on Role of MRI in evaluation of aortic aneurysm.Write short notes on role of doppler in peripheral arterial disease.MRI in cardiac disease.

GIT

Describe briefly the pathology, role of imaging and radiological features in GIT lymphomas.Brief on necrotizing colitis.Brief on Pheochromocytoma.CT evaluation of GIT.

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Mechanires of large gut.D/D of RIF mass,1Lymphoma of the bowel,1Describe pathology, radiological and imaging features of gastric malignancies,1Double contrast Barium Enema,1,1,1,1,1,1RoleofCTinsplenictrauma,1 PathologSmall bowel malignancy.Pathology of gastric carcinoma,1Role of CT in GIT malignancies.Ileocaecal TB.,1Describe appendicitis.,1 Peutz Jegher’s syndrome.Imaging methods of evaluation of imperforate anus.Multiple nodular filling defects seen in the small bowel detected in barium examination. Give the D/D and briefly mention their features.Role of S in abdominal TB.,1,1Imaging in acute abdomen.,1Describe the role of angiography in lower GIT bleeding.,1R/F of hiatus hernia with diagrams.,1,1Describe the mode of infection in GI TB and R/F and D/D in colonic TB.,1,1Syndromes with GI Tract polyposis.,1Usefulness of Sonography in intestinal lesions.Radiology of acute and sub acute obstructive lesions of GIT.Enumerate the pre malignant conditions of the GIT.SN ulcerative colitis.,1,1,1,1Discuss the R/F of DU. Discuss barium meal study v/s endoscopy in the diagnosisus imaging modalities and their appearances that would lead to a diagnosis of the condition.,1Benign gastric tumours.SN on gastric ulcer.Upper GI bleeding and the use of radioactive isotopes in its evaluation.,1SN on Neurenteric cyst,1Discuss the role of radiology and USG in blunt injury of abdomen,1,1,,1.Describe in detail the radiological findings of colonic lesions.,1SN on Intussusception.,1,1

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Write SN on double contrast small bowel studies and its roentgen features.,1Write SN on carcinoma colon and its roentgen features.How will you proceed to investigate a case of dysphagia in a middle aged lady.Describe the R/F of peptic ulcer in barium studies.Discuss the D/D and R/F of a lump in the RIF.SN on Anorectal anomalies.,1,1 SN on Tracheo-esophageal fistula.,1SN on benign gastric tumors.Write in detail the various radiological procedures involved in the diagnosis of hemetemSN on Presby-oesophagus,1.SN on Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia.,1SN on carcinoma stomach.SN on Malabsorption syndrome.,1,1SN on polypoid lesions of the colon.Describe the technique and appearance of double contrast study of the upper GIT.,1 Compare and contrast it with conventional single contrast study and endoscopy. Discuss the merits and demerits of the techniques.Gastro-oesophageal junction with particular reference to hiatal hernia.Describe the anatomy of biliary tree. Discuss the role of various radiological investigations for evaluating it in the present day practice.Describescera.Caecal and sigmoid volvulus.Diagnostic techniques available for diagnosis of CBD strictures.Discuss the role of various imaging techniques in the evaluation and possible management of a patient with suspected liver trauma and its sequlae.Cholecystitis glandularis proliferans.Describe the pathology and Sonography of hepatic malignancy.Ileocaecal valve appearance in normal and differential radiological features in abnormality.Etiology and imaging features of Dysphagia in a 45 year old woman.Colonic diverticular disease.Describe the development of GIT. Write in short the radiological appearances in Malrotut.,1SN on Oesophageal varices,1.Gardner’s syndrome.

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Discuss the Differential Diagnosis, Radiological Investigations of Upper G.I. bleeding. Add a note of management. (Interventional procedure ,1) ,1Portal hypertension.SN on ERCP vs MRCPList of sonographic features of portal HT.Discuss the radiological approach in the evaluation of a 35 years male patient presentin SN on smooth muscle tumours of bowel.Discuss the aetiology, pathology and diagnosis of peptic ulcer.Role of Radiology and Imaging in intestinal ischemia,1.Write short notes on Carcinoid tumours,1Describe the role of CT in acute abdomen,1.Describe various gastric tumours and how would your proceed to investigate this by Rpendix,1.What are the causes of acute abdomen? Discuss the role of radiology in the diagnosis of acute abdomen.Write short notes on Hirschsprung’s disease.Write short notes on Oesophageal atresia.Enumerate the causes of lower Gastrointestinal tract bleed and the role of radiology in evaluation and management of lower GI bleed.Write short notes on Acute abdomen.Discuss the radiological evaluation of a 25 year old female patient presenting with righ.Write short notes on Stricture of Oesophagus.Write briefly on Gastric lymphoma.Write briefly on Crohn’s disease.Describe the various techniques of enteroclysis and appearances of small bowel tumors on enteroclysis examination.Write short notes on role of ultrasound in acute abdomen.Describe in brief the pathology, role of imaging and radiological features in gastrointartery syndrome,1,1.Briefly describe radiologic features of gastric malignancies.Write short notes on causes and radiology in a case of Haemetemesis.SN on Achalasia cardia.Radiology of postoperative stomach.

HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM

Radioisotope imaging in hepatobiliary diseases.,1

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SN on Uof SOL of liver.Discuss the D/D of jaundice. How will you proceed to diagnose a case of jaundice.Gall stone ileus.Discuss the role of imaging techniques in the investigation of surgical jaundice.,1,1,1,1[Discuss in the age of 45,60 years] Pseudo pancreatic cyst.Describe the imaging procedures available with their specific features, for the Diagnosis of a suspected case of pancreatitis versus pancreatic carcinoma. Highlight the sensitivity and specificity of the procedures used.Write SN on HIDA scan in a case of jaundice and its roentgen features.Describe the imaging techniques and procedures available for the diagnosis of suspecteificity of the varioustechniquWhat are the causes of portal HT? Describe the technique of splenoportography. what are the complications.SN on Hydatid cyst.USG findings of chronic pancreatitis.SN on Periampullary carcinoma.SN on cholecystitis.SN on choledochococle.MR sequsions.How will you investigate a patient with acute pancreatitis. Discuss the role of a Radiologist in the management of its complications.,1SN on Radionuclide scanning of biliary system.,1SN on Ultrasound features in Gall Stone.Write briefly on Cystic disease of pancreas.Discuss portal hypertension; its radiological diagnosis and interventional therapy.Write short notes on the role of scintigraphy in liver diseases.,1Write short notes on role of ultrasound in liver metastasis.Write short notes on Pneumobilia.Write short notes on E.R.C.P,1,1,1,1Write short notes on Biliary drainage –the role of an interventional radiologist.Write she role of Radiological and Imaging investigation in differential diagnosis of Pancreatic Malignancy.

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Discuss the role of Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disorders.Discuss the role of radiological and imaging methods to investigate a case of pancreatic tumour..Write short notes on TIPS.Write short notes on Hepatic chemoembolisation.Write short notes on role of Ultrasound in pancreatitis.Write briefly on in obstructive jaundice) Discuss the radiological diagnosis of Budd Chiari syndrome and role of interventional radiology in its management.Discuss the radiological and imaging appearances of pancreatic tumors.Write short notes on Hepatic metastases.Write short notes on Interventional radiology in obstructive jaundice.Discuss portal hypertension; its radiological diagnosis and interventional therapy.a patient with Portal Hypertension.Sonographic appearances of cystic lesions in liver.USG features of cirrhosis in liver with portal HT,1,Choledochal cysts,1,1,1,99m Tc labeled N-substituted Iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan,1,1Biliary interventions.Cystic tumours of the pancreas.How will you investigate a patient with portal hypertension? Discuss the role of Radiologist in its management.SN on vmplications of pancreatitis.Discuss the indications,advantages and disadvantages of different X-ray and Imaging modalities in pancreatic lesions.Describe the diagnostic findings with its diagrammatic illustrations.

GUT

Posterioalves,1,1,1.Epispadias extrophy complex.Imaging in renal hypertension,1,1,1.99-Tc m DTPA.Discuss the merits and demerits of captopril renogram in renovascular hypertension.,1,1Describdiagnosis and management of renal masses,1,1,1.Role of Sonography(doppler) in renal transplant.,1CT evaluation in renal trauma.

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Discuss the pathology of renal HT and rad investigations for the same.,1,1Pathology of renal neoplasms in paediatric age group,1.Describe the radiological and imaging feature of malignant renal tumors.,1,1Radionuclide scanning in renal diseases,1,1,1.Renal rickets.,1,1,1,1Vesicoureteric reflux.,1 Briefly iscuss the findings in CRF and chronic renal infections.Papillary necrosis.Gadolinium DTPA.Pathology of Xantho-granulomatous pyelonephritis.Polycystic disease of the kidneys.Diagnosis of bladder tumours.,1Etiological factors and significance of ureteral notching.R/F of lower urinary tract infections.Describriefly mention the various causes of U/L large kidney with IVP features of each.,1,1Role of radionuclide scanning in renovascular HT.Role of CT imaging in renal infections.Role of CT imaging in renal tumours.Pathology of chronic pyelonephritis.USG fiys.Nephrocalcinosis.,1Write an essay on Renal failure with special reference to radiological and imaging procedures.Interventional techniques in urinary tract obstruction,1.Sonography in renal cystic disease.Radiolologic,Urographic features of renal TB,1,1Pathology of hypernephroma,1,1,1Pathoprickets.Renal angiomyolipoma.Calcification in the pelvic cavity in male.Renal vein thrombosis – aetiology and radiological features.Identification of renal masses by USG.Causes of obstruction of lower urinary tract and describe the radiological methods of Investigating them,1Classify cystic renal disease and discuss their radiological appearance both with Conventional and USG,1,1,1Elaboraement of these lesions.USG/F of hydronephrotic kidneys.

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Horse-shoe kidneys.SN on interventions in urinary tract.

Enumerate the causes of haematuria. Describe the radiological approach to a case of Haematuria.Discuss in detail the aetio-pathogenesis of obstructive Uropathy in a child of 5 years. How will you investigate Radiologically? Add the Radiological features.SN on nsion.Describe the various methods and techniques of radiological investigation of urinary tract.What are the complications of renal transplant? Discuss the role of imaging in their evaluation.What are the causes of secondary hypertension? Discuss the role of imaging in the Evaluation of Renal Artery Stenosis.Write briefly on chemical types of renal calculi.Write ope renography.SN onital mega ureter,1.Discuss role of Renal Angiography in diagnosis of lesions and itsTherapeutic applications.,1Enumerate various investigative modalities for the transplanted kidney and give the normal findings in each of them,1,1.Write short notes on retroperitoneal fibrosis.,1How will you investigate a case of painless haematuria? What is role of Radiologist in its management.Write g of prostate.Describe the radiological features of the Medical renal diseases,1.Write short notes on acute scrotum.Write short notes on Renal Osteodystrophy.Write short notes on Imaging of Prostatic neoplasms.Write short notes on Cystic diseases in kidney.How does U.S.G. help in the differential diagnosis on testicular swellings?Write M.C.U.Write ly on P.U.J. obstruction.Write briefly on Doppler evaluation of scrotum.Discuss the role of various imaging modalities in the evaluation of adrenal mass lesions.,1,1.Write short notes on Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of Prostatic lesions.

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Write short notes on Embolisation of renal cell carcinoma.Write short notes on Sonographic diagnosis of renal transplant rejection.Write toma.Write briefly on Acute Scrotum. Describe imaging in a 5 years old child presenting with lump in right lumbar region.Describe the role of imaging in Renal trauma.Briefly discuss Polycystic disease of kidneys.,1Briefly describe differentiation of Renal Cyst and Renal tumour by I.V.P.How will you investigate a case of painless haematuria? What is role of Radiologist in its management.Write of Prostate.Write short notes on Testicular germ cell tumours.Write short notes on Radiological diagnosis of congenital lesions of kidney.Describe imaging in a 5 years old child presenting with lump in right lumbar region.Write short notes on Urinary Bladder tumors.Write short notes on prevention of adverse reactions in urography.SN on obstructive Uropathy..Describe the development of kidney .Discuss the various imaging modalities and their findings in malignant tumors of the kidney.Describe the R/F and write SN on non functioning kidney as seen on IVP and its isotopic evaluation.USG evaluation of BPH.SN with R/F and USG features of carcinoma of the bladder.SN with R/F and of percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.How would you investigate a case of hematuria? Describe the role of interventional radiology in hematuria.SN on adrenars.Prunebelly syndrome.

ORTHOPAEDICS

Neuropathic joints.Benign cartilas,1,1.Paget’s disease of the bone.,1SNSA.,1

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Osteoclastoma,1,1,1D/D of expanding lesions in the metaphysis of long bones,1.Enumerate the causes of osteoporosis and use of CT in bone mineral studies,1.Aneurysmal bone cyst,1,1. Skeletal changes in leukaemia,1.Pigmented vilis.Sub-articular bone erosions.Marfan’s syndrome.Pathology of osteoid osteoma,1.Isotopes of bone imaging.Describe in sequence the R/changes that take place from acute to chronic osteomyelitis seen on plain x-rays.D/D of expansile lesions of long bones.R/F in synovial TB.Types of periosteal lesions and differentiating features,1,1.Enumerate epf each.Describe the imaging techniques and diagnostic criteria of Rotator cuff tears.Metastatic osseous disease.Radiology of painful shoulder.Causes and D/D of absorption of tips of terminal phalanges, acro-osteolysis.Osteogenic sarcoma.,D/D of swelling of mandible.Ewing’s sarcoma of the bone.,1Osteogenesis imperfecta.,1,1,1Abnormal grote.Osseous spectrum of neurofibromatosis.Aetiology and imaging features of osteonecrosis of femoral head.R/F of bony cn leprosy,1.SN of Rickets.,1,1,1Describe the indication, technique, findings and limitations of bone scanning.,1,1Discuss the D/D of osteolytic lesion in the metaphysis of lower end of femur in a boy aged 1ears.SN on Parosteal osteosarcoma.CT & MRI in IVDP.SN on Osteoporosis.SN on Osteoclastoma.

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Classify the bone tumors and mention in detail the radiological findings of common benign and malignant bone tumors,1.Ankylosing spondylitis.,1Describe the R/F and D/D of multiple myeloma,1.Skeletal flourosis.Describe the entgen features of polyostotic fibrous Dysplasia and its D/D. SN on Eosinophylic granuloma.Describe the R/F of Perthe’s disease. What are the D/D,1,1,1,1,1.SN of R/F of Congenital syphilis of bones.SN of Ewing’s sarcoma of bone.What are the causes of periosteal reaction? Describe the radiological features of osteosarcoma.Enumerate and describe the various congenital bone lesions.SN on Madelung deformity.Discuss the c tissues.SN on epiphyseal bone lesions.Gouty arthritis.,1D.D of generalized decreased density of bone.Value of plain skiagram of hand in Hyperparathyroidism, Acromegaly, Spina ventosa, Scleroderma, Psoriatric arthropathy.(1,all possible disorders)MRI in avascular necrosis of hip.Rib notching.cuss the role of radio-isotopes in ‘metastatic work up’,1.SN on Plasmatoma,1.SN. on Cervical Rib.SN on Spondylolisthesis.Write briefly on congenital dislocation of hip,1.Write briefly on Myositis ossificans progressiva.Write briefly on renal Osteodystrophy,1,1.Write short notes on Osteomalacia.Write short notes on Psoriatic arthritis,1.Write short nrite short notes on differentiating features of benign and malignant bone tumours.Write short notes on total hip replacement - radiological features.Write short notes on Arachnodactyly.Write short notes on Pycnodysostosis.,1.Write short notes on MRI shoulder joint,1Write short notes on Epiphyseal dysplasias.,1

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Write short notes on Rheumatoid arthritis.Write short noty,1.Write short notes on Osteonecrosis.Write briefly onpelvic trauma.Write briefly on parasitic calcification of soft tissues.Write briefly on Osteitis deformans. Write briefly on Thanatophoric dwarfism.Write briefly on radiological features of bone tuberculosis.Write briefly on Bone lymphoma.Write briefly on Osteopetrosis.Write briefly on Skeletal Survey.Briefly describscular diseases.Write short notes on MRI of shoulder joint.

HEAD, NECK AND SPINE

R/f of spinal TB,1,1,1Arnold Chiari malformations.Ring lesions o1.What is DSA. Discuss the indications and limitations in the areas of head and neck.,1,1Discuss the role of CT infective lesions of brain,1.Cleidocranial dysostosis.,1Radiological diagnosis of extra dural spinal masses,1.CT v/s MRI in1,1,1,1,1,1Imaging of the external carotid arteries,1.Carotico-cavernous fistula,1.CT v/s MRI in spinal trauma.,1,1Define phakomatoses. What are the various disorders of the group?Describe the clinical manifestations and radiological manifestations of tuberous sclerosis.Radioisotope bcan.Discuss the R/F in meningioma. [R/F of intracranial meningiomas.],1,1,1,1,1,1,1Discuss the R/F of cerebral lymphoma,1.R/F syringomyelia.Radiology in atlanto-axial dislocation.CT Myelography.Write differentiating features of hyperdense lesions on brain.Compare and contrast CT Myelography and MRI.

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Describe CT and MRI features of neurocysticercosis,1,1,1,1.Pathology and omas.,1Classify the common types of Spinal Dysraphisms and R/F of diastematomyelia. Chronology of CT changes in brain infarction.Extra dural spinal lesions-causes and imaging.Causes and imaging protocol in acute paraplegia. Single collapsed vertebrae- causes and differentiating features.,1,1Anatomy and lal space.Role of CT in vertebral trauma.Intracranial Tuberculoma.,1Intracranial (supratentorial) pathological classification.,1Discuss the various R/F in pituitary diseases seen in CXR, CT AND MRI.CT in neurotuberculosis.,1,1Lumbar disc prolapse.Causes and D/D of calcification in the brain.Acoustic neuroma.,1,1Multiple myeloma.,1Pathology of hydrocephalus.,1Radiology(Myemours.,1,1,1CT/F of various type of intracranial gliomas in the supratentorial compartment. Compare these with the cerebral angiographic features stressing the merits and demerits of both.Imaging in SAH.,1,1,1,1Parameters in the assessment of platybasia.Craniostenosis.CT and angiographic features of meningioma and malignant glioma.Hernia through foramen of Luschka and foramen of Magendie.Etiological clascal diagnosis of osteolytic lesions in the skull.CT findings in intracranial hematoma.Classify the midline anomalies of the brain and discuss the role of imaging methods in Identifying each.Etiology and imaging features of posterior scalloping of vertebrae.Myelography as a diagnostic tool.CT in cerebral stroke.,1CT versus MRI in intervertebral disc prolapse.CT versus MRIauma.SN on Neurotuberculosis.Discuss the role of CT and MRI in head injury.,1

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Discuss the radiological and imaging techniques used in diagnosis of intracranial Space occupying lesion.Describe the C.T. findings in C.P. angle tumours. Discuss radiology of “Lumbar Spinal Stenosis”.,1Discuss the role of plain x-ray skull in the diagnosis of Intracranial space occupying lesion.Write short notes on spinal tumours.,1Write shorts nma.Write short notes on Imaging in congential lesions of the spine and spinal cord.Write short notes on C.T. versus M.R.I. in brain tumours.Enumerate the various neuro-cutaneous syndromes and describe imaging findings In any two of these.,1Describe in detail about Cerebral Angiography and its usefulness in Cerebral Tumours.,1.Write short notes on role of C.T. in head injury.Write short notes on IV ventricle Ependymoma.Write short notes on Cisternography.Discuss anato of sella and supra-sellar-lesions.Write short notes on Imaging features of extra axial posterior fossa tumours.Write short notes on Imaging in Cervical trauma.,1,1Write short notes on Haemangioma skull vault.Write short norebral Circulation.Write short notes on Presacral space.Write short notes on Ring enhancing lesion in brain on CT and MRI.Describe briefly on MRI evaluation of sellar lesions.Write short carotid Doppler.Discuss the myelographic diagnosis of space occupying lesions in the spinal cord.omparative evaluation of C.T. and MRI in closed head injury.Write briefly on Craniovertebral junction anomaly.Discuresonance imaging in posterior cranial fossa lesions.Write short notes on Interventional radiology in intracranial vascular lesions.Descr of X-ray, CT and MRI in the study of ICSOL.,1Describe the radiographic anatomy of the cerebral ventricles and the relevant imagiures and their finding.Describe the R/F and write SN on hydrocephalus following TB meningitis.

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SN wth R/F of Microadenoma of pituitary.SN on craniopharyngioma.SN on imaging modalities of brain tumors.Write short notes on posterior fossa neoplasms in childhood. Write short notes on diffusion imaging in stroke.Write short notes on Imaging of posterior fossa.Briefly discuss radionuclide imaging of the C.N.S.Briefly discuss Doppler ultrasound versus MR angiography of Carotid vessels.Writen CT versus M.R.I.Write short notes on anatomy of circle of Willis and imaging features of aneurysms of the region.Discuss anatomy, pathology and radiology of sella and supra-sellar lesions.Write short notes on imaging features of extra axial posterior fossa tumours.Write lesions of the spine and spinal cord.SN on low back pain.Imageatures of suprasellar masses

OB &G

Role MR in gynaecological malignancies.Discuss the D/D of an incidentally discovered breast lump and the different mod Of investigation you will adopt to arrive at a provisional diagnosis.Molar pregnancy.Endometriosis.,1,1Normal and abnormal endometrial patterns as seen on ultrasound imaging.,1Role of Sonography in first trimester bleeding.,1,1Imaging of ectopic pregnancy.,1,1,1,1Describe the USG features of first trimester of pregnancy.Enumerate the adnexal masses and indicate the advantages of endovaginal gray scale Sonography.Discuss the role of imaging in uterine lesions.Discuss the diagnosis of a pelvic mass in 26 year old female.Write short notes on Intrauterine growth retardation,1,1,1,1.Transvaginal ultrasonography.Imaging of breast,1.

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Extre pregnancy.USG evaluation of ovarian mass.Comparative evaluation of sono mammography and film screen mammography.Contribution of USG in monitoring the growth of the foetus during antenatal care.Intrauterine foetal death.,1,1, Therapeutic indication for foetal abnormality detection.Describe the role of imtion of female infertility,1(infertile couple).Write briefly on Choriocarcinoma.Discuss the role of ultrasound in obstetric practice.Write short notes on Imaging of the placenta,1.Write short notes on Sonographic features of endometrium during menstrual cycle.Write short notes oncalcification seen on mammography.Write short notes on Fallopian tube recanalization for infertility.Discuss the role of RInvestigations in the diagnosis of pelvic Mass in females. ,1efly on skeletal disorders diagnosable in utero.Wriefly on sonohysterography.SN on polycystic ovarian disease.urinary tract lesions diagnosable in-utero,1.

ENT & OPHTHALMOLOGY

Pulsatile proptosis.Mucocele of PNS.Pseudotumor orbit.,1Patient presented to you with U/L PROPTOSIS. Discuss the D/D and describe the R/F.Role of CT in proptosis.nternal auditory canal. How will you investigateRadiologically a case of 8th nerve tumor.Malignant laryngeal tumors,1(CT).U/L Proptosis –role of CT and MRI. in laryngeal tumours.al and imaging evaluation of unilateral proptosis in paediatric age group.SN on Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma.,1SN on blow out fractures.Write short notes on Imaging in thyroid pathology.s on investigation in a case of exopthalmos,1.

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Write Short notes on USG in benign thyroid conditions. Write Short notes on Adamantinoma.Describe briefly on Sclerosing lesions of the jaws.Discuss in detail mandibular tumours and role of imaging modalities in differentiating benign and malignant tumours.Write short notes on Expansile lesion –Mandible.Cystic jaw lesions.

ENDOCRINOLOGY

Radioisotopes in thyroid diseases.,1,1,1,1,Discuss the D/D of an incidentally discovered thyroid nodule/swellings. The different modes of investigation you will adopt to arrive at a provisional diagnosis.,1,1Endocrine tumors of the pancreas.,1,1Imaging in thyroid solitary nodule.,1Phaeochromocytoma.,1,1R/F of Cushing’s syndrome.R/F of Rickets.Pathology of thyroid carcinoma.R/F of hyperparathyroidism.,1,1,1Biochemical changes in hyperparathyroidism.Thyroid scan.Discuss the indication and techniques of isotope scanning of the thyroid. Describe the findings in various pathological conditions.What are the causes of thyroid swelling? Describe the role of radioactive iodine in the diagnosis of thyroid gland.SN on Acromegaly.SN on Cretinism.,1SN on HyperparathyroidismImaging of parathyroid adenoma.Hypersecretion disorders of Supra Renals-Enumerate and discuss the role of CT in any one of them.Briefly discuss the role of radiology in the diagnosis of “Adrenal Mass”.Write briefly on multiple endocrine neoplasia.Write short notes on Isotope imaging of parathyroids.Write short notes hyper-secretion disorders of supra renals. Enumerate and discuss the role of CT in any one of them.

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Role of ultrasonography in thyroid diseases.Briefly describe computed tomographic features in adrenal tumors. Write short notes on Imaging in thyroid pathology.

PAEDIATRICS

Neurosonography.Radiological signs of intrauterine death.R/F of neonatal RDS. [Causes and R/F in CXR in RDS],1,1,1Urethral valve obstruction.Infantile RDS.Child with urinary tract infection. Provide a protocol for imaging and mention their features.,1,1,1Anterior mediastinal masses in paediatric age group.,1,1Congenital syphilis.,1,1Ebstein’s anomaly.Discuss the causes of respiratory distress in the new born.What will be your approach for the evaluation of such case.Discuss the value of ultrasound in the imaging of Neonatal brain.Write short notes on Investigations in a child with limping gait.Respiratory distress syndrome – causes and its important radiological features on plain Radiography of chest.Write short notes on Neonatal Jaundice.Pathogenesis and effects of radiation on bones in growing children.

MISCELLANEOUS

Interventional radiology.*Substraction techniques..Lymphangiography.Lymphography.Percutaneous procedures.Radioactive isotopes.,1Discuss the role of radiologists in medical emergencies.Intracavitory probes.Positron emitters.SN on dermoid tumor.SN on Hamartoma.Discuss the role of USG in clinical practice.

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SN on HSG..,1,1SN on sialography.,1,1,1Placental maturity on Sonography.Tumours containing Grant Cells.Schimmitar syndrome.,1Ultrasound contrast media,1,1MRA,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1Compare and contrast peripheral Venography and Doppler Sonography.Intraoperative ultrasound.Proton MR spectroscopy.,1Describe the various types of sequences used in MR Imaging stressing the recent trends.3D CT Angiography,1,1,1,1,1,1,Role of USG contrast agents in GIT diseases.,1Asbestosis.,1Neurofibromatosis.,1Clinical application of Spiral CT,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1.Volume scanning with CT.,1,1Moya Moya disease.Mammography,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,Alkaptonuria.Radiation carcinogenesis.Write SN on precaution in investigating an Australian antigen positive patient.Macleod’s syndrome.Precaution during radiological procedures in HIV positive cases.Transrectal USG.Fluorosis.,1Lymphangitis carcinomatosa.PharmacoangiographyRadiology of AIDS.Lipid storage diseases.Brain and bone isotope scans.MR contrast agents,1,1,.Liver and lung isotope scans.Role of ultra-sonic Contrast agents in Hepatic Diseases.,1What is Spiral CT? Discuss the principle and the components of Spiral CT. What are its Advantages and disadvantages as compared to conventional CT?Write briefly on Magnavist,1.

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SN on Psoas shadow. Write short notes on prevention of adverse reactions in urographySN on Scleroderma.Write briefly on lower limb angiography.Write briefly on Enteroclysis.Write briefly on Hydatid cyst.Write briefly on Lordotic view.Write short notes on Micturating cystourethrography.Write short notes on role of doppler study in lower extremity arterial disease..Write short notes on Sarcoidosis.Write short notes on recent contrast media used in USG.Write short notes on Marfans anomaly.Write short notes on Carpal tunnel view.Write short notes on heel pad thickness.Write short notes on sturge Weber syndrome.Write short notes on Imaging of RIB notching.Write short notes on Tuberous sclerosis.Write short notes on PNDT act and its relevance to sonologist.Write short notes on Harmonic Imaging.,1,1Write short notes on Color Doppler U.S.G.,1Write briefly on Gardner’s syndrome.Write briefly on Venous Doppler..Describe various embolisation materials used in interventional procedures, their indications and contraindications.Write briefly on Thermography.Write briefly on Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.Write briefly on SPECT (Single Positron Emission Computed Tomography),1Describe briefly on Film Screen Mammography.Discuss the radiological and imaging methods of investigation in a young hypertensive.Write briefly on Down’s syndrome.Write briefly on Contrast media used in urological studies.Write briefly on applications of high frequency ultrasound.Write short notes on Multislice CT application in the abdomen.Write short notes on Radiology of rheumatoid disease.Write short notes on small bowel enema.Write short notes on recent advances in USG.Write short notes on Sonomammography.,1

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Write short notes on recent contrast media used in USG.Write short notes on ultrasound image artefacts.,1 SN on recent advance in mammography.Enumerate the various neuro cutaneous syndromes and describe imaging findings in any two of these. Briefly describe CT angiography vs MR angiographyMR urography.Virtual endoscopy.Intravascular Ultrasound.

ANATOMY C/S anatomy of suprarenal level.Enumerate the hormones elaborated by zones of the suprarenal glandC/S labeled diagram of Peritoneal spaces at the level of renal spaces.Anatomy of circle of Willis and imaging features of aneurysm of this regionSegmental anatomy of the liverRadiological anatomy of adrenalsBroncho.Pulmonary segments.Anatomy of intracranial vascular circulationAnatomy of cerebral ventricles,1Embryology of the urinary tractRadiological anatomy of larynx and pharynx.Cross- sectional labeled diagram of peritoneal spaces at level of porta-hepatis,1.SN on radiological anatomy of the sella. DD for enlarged sella.Describe the radiological anatomy of mediastinum.,1 Describe the techniques of Radiographic Examination and the radiological anatomy of the soft tissues of the neck.Describe the radiological anatomy of the subarachnoid space and discuss in short the role of imaging in the evaluation of subarachnoid haemorrhage.Describe radiological anatomy and imaging of parapharyngeal spaces.,1Write short notes on segmental anatomy of lungs.Write short notes on anatomy of urethra.Write short notes on anatomy of maxillary sinus and classification of various pathologic diseases.

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Describe the radiological anatomy of temporal bone .Briefly write about methods of investigating it Radiologically.

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