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Upper Egypt

Map of Lower and Upper Egypt.

Upper Egypt (Arabic: Sa

d Mir , shortened to es-e d/es-a d pronounced [es.s e. id, es.s . id]) is the strip of land, on both sides of the Nile valley, that extends between Nubia, and

downriver (northwards) to Lower Egypt.

Geography

Upper Egypt is between the Cataracts of the Nile above modern-day

Aswan, downriver (northwards) to the area between Dahshur and

El-Ayait,Wikipedia:Citation needed which is south of modern-day

Cairo. The northern (downriver) part of Upper Egypt, between Sohag

and El-Ayait, is also known as Middle Egypt.

In Arabic, inhabitants of Upper Egypt are known as Sa'idis and theygenerally speak Sa'idi Arabic.

In the Pharaonic times, Upper Egypt was known as Ta Shemau[1]

which means "the land of reeds." [2] It was divided into twenty-two

districts called nomes. [3] The first nome was roughly where

modern-day Aswan is and the twenty-second was at modern Atfih

(Aphroditopolis), just to the south of Cairo.

History

Predynastic Egypt

The main city of predynastic Upper Egypt was Nekhen (Hierakonpolis in Greek), [4] whose patron deity was the

vulture goddess Nekhbet. [5]

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nekhbethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nekhenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cairohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atfihhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nome_%28Egypt%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sa%27idi_Arabichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sa%27idi_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Middle_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sohaghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cairohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dahshurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aswanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cataracts_of_the_Nilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lower_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nubiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA_for_Egyptian_Arabichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AAncient_Egypt_map-en.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lower_Egypt

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Dynastic Egypt

For most of pharaonic Egypt's history, Thebes was the administrative center of Upper Egypt. After its devastation by

the Assyrians, its importance declined. Under the Ptolemies, Ptolemais Hermiou took over the role of Upper Egypt's

capital city. [6] Upper Egypt was represented by the tall White Crown Hedjet , and its symbols were the floweringlotus and the sedge.

Artwork From Dynastic Egypt

Bottle with Openwork Shell, ca. 1070-718 B.C.E.

Brooklyn Museum

This vase comes from Upper Egypt during the Third Intermediate

Period of Egypt from the Dynasties XXI-XXII. This vase was first

shown at an exhibition of Egyptian art at Burlington House in London

in 1895, it has been illustrated several times since as the most elaborate

vessel ever made in the long history of ancient Egyptian glassmaking.

It was molded of frit, powdered glass that had been made into a paste

by adding water, and then fired at a low temperature so that the

material became solid without turning into true glass. The ovoid body

of the bottle has a bottom in the form of a lotus flower which is

surmounted by deities and mythological symbols. The neck opens into

a mouth decorated as a lotus blossom: an elegant crowning, yet so

simple in contrast to the fancy work of the vessel's body.

Medieval Egypt

In the 11th century, large numbers of pastoralists, known as Hilalians,

fled Upper Egypt and moved westward into Libya and as far as

Tunis. [7] It is believed that degraded grazing conditions in Upper Egypt

associated with the beginning of the Medieval Warm Period, were the root cause of the migration. [8]

20th-century Egypt

In the 20th-century Egypt, the title Prince of the Sa'id (meaning Prince of Upper Egypt ) was used by the heirapparent to the Egyptian throne. [9]

Although the Egyptian monarchy was abolished in 1953, the title continues to be used by Muhammad Ali and

Hereditary Chief, Sheikh Beja Khawr al`allaqi, Prince of Sa'id.

References[1] Ermann & Grapow, op.cit. Wb 5, 227.4-14[2] Ermann & Grapow, op.cit. Wb 4, 477.9-11[3] The Encyclopedia AmericanaGrolier Incorporated, 1988, p.34[4] Bard, op. cit., p.371[5] David, op.cit., p.149[6] Chauveau, op.cit., p.68[7] Ballais, Jean-Louis (2000) "Chapter 7: Conquests and land degradation in the eastern Maghreb" p. 133 (http:/ / books. google. com/

books?id=zbA2P0BXeI4C& pg=PA133) In Barker, Graeme and Gilbertson, David (2000) The Archaeology of Drylands: Living at the MarginRoutledge, London, Volume 1, Part III - Sahara and Sahel, pp. 125-136, ISBN 978-0-415-23001-8

[8] Ballais, Jean-Louis (2000) "Chapter 7: Conquests and land degradation in the eastern Maghreb" p. 134 (http:/ / books. google. com/

books?id=zbA2P0BXeI4C& pg=PA134) In Barker, Graeme and Gilbertson, David (2000) The Archaeology of Drylands: Living at the MarginRoutledge, London, Volume 1, Part III - Sahara and Sahel, pp. 125-136, ISBN 978-0-415-23001-8

[9] The title was first used by Prince Farouk, the son and heir of King Fouad I. Prince Farouk was officially named Prince of the Sa'id on 12

December 1933.

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fuad_I_of_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Farouk_of_Egypthttp://books.google.com/books?id=zbA2P0BXeI4C&pg=PA134http://books.google.com/books?id=zbA2P0BXeI4C&pg=PA134http://books.google.com/books?id=zbA2P0BXeI4C&pg=PA133http://books.google.com/books?id=zbA2P0BXeI4C&pg=PA133http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ali%2C_Prince_of_the_Sa%27idhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_Revolution_of_1952http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heir_apparenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heir_apparenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_of_the_Sa%27idhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medieval_Warm_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tunishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Libyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pastoralismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burlington_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ABottle_with_Openwork_Shell%2C_ca._1070-718_B.C.E._44.175.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hedjethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ptolemais_Hermiouhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thebes%2C_Egypt

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Upper Egypt 3

Bibliography

Bard, Katheryn A. and Shubert, Steven Blake (1999) Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt Routledge, London, ISBN 0-415-18589-0

Chauveau, Michel (2000) Egypt in the Age of Cleopatra: History and Society Under the PtolemiesCornellUniversity Press, Ithaca, New York, ISBN 0-8014-3597-8

David, Ann Rosalie (1975) The Egyptian KingdomsElsevier Phaidon, London, OCLC 2122106 (http:/ / www.worldcat.org/ oclc/ 2122106)

Edel, Elmar (1961) Zu den Inschriften auf den Jahreszeitenreliefs der "Weltkammer" aus dem Sonnenheiligtumdes Niuserre Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Gttingen, OCLC 309958651 (http:/ / www. worldcat. org/ oclc/ 309958651), in German

Ermann, Johann Peter Adolf and Grapow, Hermann (1982) Wrterbuch der gyptischen Sprache Akademie,Berlin, ISBN 3-05-002263-9, in German

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Ermanhttp://www.worldcat.org/oclc/309958651http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/309958651http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2122106http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2122106

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Article Sources and Contributors 4

Article Sources and ContributorsUpper Egypt Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=617018544 Contributors: 83d40m, A. Parrot, APT, Ahmadpontymageed, Alansohn, Alexisegarcia, Andi d, Andycjp, Arteyu,Bagworm, Bejnar, Benoni, Bibi Saint-Pol, Biglovinb, BomBom, Bongwarrior, Checkcheckit, ComhairleContaeThirnanOg, Deor, Discospinster, Dougweller, Elonka, Epbr123, Escape Orbit,Eskandarany, Falcon8765, Faradayplank, Gary, Gilliam, Gkhan, Hanay, Haymouse, HuyZ, IRISZOOM, Ionutzmovie, J.delanoy, JNW, Jeff Dahl, Jodosma, Jonkerz, Jwalthouse, KGasso,Kaitlyn153, Khazar2, Korg, Lanternix, Leoboudv, Look2See1, Mahmudmasri, Margacst, Mario1952, Materialscientist, Matt.T, Mekeretrig, Mmcannis, Nena4ever10, Olivier, Petrus, Pizza314159, Pinkari123, Robbie098, SchfiftyThree, Shebitqo, Sller123, Spitfire19, Tcncv, The Thing That Should Not Be, Tim1357, Tony Esopi, Trotter, Twthmoses, Uncle Milty, Uroboros,Viriditas, Wikijens, 132 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Ancient Egypt map-en.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ancient_Egypt_map-en.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike Contributors: Jeff Dahl

File:Bottle with Openwork Shell, ca. 1070-718 B.C.E. 44.175.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bottle_with_Openwork_Shell,_ca._1070-718_B.C.E._44.175.jpg License: unknown Contributors: JMCC1, Kaitlyn153

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