Update on Systemwide Benthic Flux Coring and Site Specific Benthic Flux Processes (Methods · 2016....

Update on Systemwide Benthic Flux Coring and Site Specific Benthic Flux Processes (Methods Comparison).

Update on Systemwide Benthic Flux Coring and Site Specific Benthic Flux Processes (Methods Comparison).

June 24, 2008

Benthic Flux Projects:Benthic Flux Projects:

2 Projects: Systemwide Cores (remote) and Chambers (in situ) vs. Cores (remote) 2 Projects: Systemwide Cores (remote)

and Chambers (in situ) vs. Cores (remote)

Objectives

Provide estimates representative of system-wide benthic nutrient (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) flux rates;

Identify “hot spots” for these fluxes;

Identify processes (and associated methodologies) driving fluxes in this system (i.e. diffusive vs. advective/groundwater).

Objectives

Provide estimates representative of system-wide benthic nutrient (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) flux rates;

Identify “hot spots” for these fluxes;


50 Sites for SYSTEMWIDE Core Incubation and 4 Sites for Chamber/Core Incubations of Benthic

Nutrient Fluxes in the SLE

50 Sites for SYSTEMWIDE Core Incubation and 4 Sites for Chamber/Core Incubations of Benthic

Nutrient Fluxes in the SLE

•SLE Benthic Flux Core Sites

•SLE Benthic Flux Chamber/Core Sites

•SFWMD Structure and WQM Sites

Created by Cecilia Conrad

Sediment Chambers/Cores: Incubation DiagramSediment Chambers/Cores: Incubation Diagram

Remotely Incubated Cores

In Situ Chambers

In SituWater Column

68 CPN68 Grain Size

68 Chl a

IncubationWater Column

IncubationPore Water

Core SedimentSurface

Analyses: 54 StationsAnalyses: 54 Stations

~800 dissolved nutrients and gases and particulates

5700 dissolved nutrients/gases

PAR (Sediment Surface)

DepthTemperatureSalinity

500 dissolved nutrients

Sediment CharacteristicsSediment Characteristics

Carbon (umoles/cc)

Fine Grain 0.425-0.075 mm

Very Fine Grain

St. Lucie River Estuary: Light and Sediment Chlorophyll St. Lucie River Estuary: Light and Sediment Chlorophyll

% Transmittance (% Light Sediment Surface)

Sediment Chlorophyll a (ug/cc: 0-1 cm)

Sediment Chlorophyll and CarbonSediment Chlorophyll and CarbonSe

dim

ent

Chl

a (µ

g/cc

)

Sedi

men

t C

arbo

n (m

g/g)

North Fork

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160Carbon Chl a

South Fork Mid Estuary Lower Estuary

Systemwide Fluxes: DOSystemwide Fluxes: DO

DO

Flu

x (m

mol

/m2 /d

)

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

dark light

North Fork South Fork Mid Estuary Lower Estuary

Systemwide Fluxes: AmmoniumSystemwide Fluxes: AmmoniumN

H4

Flux

(µm

ol/m

2 /d)

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200dark light


PO4

Flux

(µm

ol/m

2 /d)

Systemwide Fluxes: PhosphateSystemwide Fluxes: Phosphate

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800dark light


NO

3Fl

ux (µ

mol

/m2 /d

)

Systemwide Fluxes: NitrateSystemwide Fluxes: Nitrate

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000dark light


TDN

Flu

x (µ

mol

/m2 /d

)

Systemwide Fluxes: Total Dissolved NitrogenSystemwide Fluxes: Total Dissolved Nitrogen


-20000

-15000

-10000

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000dark light

Systemwide Fluxes: Total Dissolved PhosphorusSystemwide Fluxes: Total Dissolved Phosphorus

TDP

Flux

(µm

ol/m

2 /d)


-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400dark light

SiO

4Fl

ux (µ

mol

/m2 /d

)

Systemwide Fluxes: SilicateSystemwide Fluxes: Silicate

-10000

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000dark light


Comparisons: DO FluxesComparisons: DO Fluxes

Reasonably Good Agreement In the DARK

pp = photoperiod (12h)

DO

Flu

x (m

mol

/m2 /p

p)


-20

-10

0

10

20

30SMASTcores HPLcores HPLchmbers

Light and Dark DO FluxesLight and Dark DO Fluxes

DO

Flu

x (m

mol

/m2 /d

*)

-20-10

0102030405060

DarkCores LightCores DarkChambers LightChambers



-6000-5000-4000-3000-2000-1000

010002000

DarkCores LightCores DarkChambers LightChambers

Light and Dark DenitrificationLight and Dark Denitrification

N2

Flux

(µm

ol/m

2 /d*)



Sediment Chlorophyll and CarbonSediment Chlorophyll and CarbonSe

dim

ent

Chl

a (µ

g/g)

* 10

Sedi

men

t C

arbo

n (m

g/g)

High C/High Pheophytin ContentHigh Chl

Sedi

men

t Phe

opyt

in(µ

g/g)

North Fork South Fork Mid Estuary Lower EstuaryHigh C/low Pheophytin Content

High Chl High C/Low Phaeophytin ContentLow Chl

Decreasing C/High Pheophytin ContentLow Chl

QUALITY of Sediment Organic Matter

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500Carbon Chl a Pheophytin

OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:Provide estimates representative of system-wide benthic nutrient (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) flux rates;Provide estimates representative of system-wide benthic nutrient (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) flux rates;

* Represents 1/106 Percent of the System SA

DIN (MT/d)

DIP (MT/d)

DON (MT/d)

DOP (MT/d)

TDN (MT/d)

TDP (MT/d)

Systemwide Average

0.105 0.042 -0.564 0.012 -0.460 0.054

North Fork Average

0.038 0.037 -0.089 -0.001 -0.052 0.037

South Fork Average

0.019 0.005 -0.191 -0.002 -0.171 0.004

Mid-Lower Estuary Average

0.067 0.010 0.021 0.006 0.088 0.017

St. Lucie River and Estuary

South Fork

North Fork

Middle Basin

Lower Basin

Indian River LagoonAtlantic O

cean

N

St. Lucie River and Estuary

South Fork

North Fork

Middle Basin

Lower Basin

Indian River LagoonAtlantic O

cean

N

OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:

Identify “hot spots” for these fluxes; Identify “hot spots” for these fluxes; North ForkSLE41: N OUT

SLE31/SLE33: P OUT

South ForkSLE20: N OUT

SLE42: P OUT

Mid-Lower EstuarySLE2/SLE4: N OUT

OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:Identify processes (and associated methodologies) driving fluxes in this system (i.e. diffusive vs. advective/groundwater).

No Evidence of Advection (only 4 sites)Evidence of Nitrogen FixationLIGHT MATTERS!!!!!Quality/Lability of Sediment Organics MATTERS


No Evidence of Advection (only 4 sites)Evidence of Nitrogen FixationLIGHT MATTERS!!!!!Quality/Lability of Sediment Organics MATTERS

What’s Next: Modeling NeedsWhat’s Next: Modeling Needs

Spatial Analyses Of Systemwide Data To Identify Subregions (i.e. minimum number of monitoring stations) Contour Analysis Of Systemwide Data To Determine More Accurate Subregion Load/Removal Rates Temporal Variability: Wet Season Sampling, Selected Monitoring In NON-Drought ConditionsN2 Component – Nitrogen Fixation/DenitrificationDetermine How To Apply Light During Incubation

Spatial Analyses Of Systemwide Data To Identify Subregions (i.e. minimum number of monitoring stations) Contour Analysis Of Systemwide Data To Determine More Accurate Subregion Load/Removal Rates Temporal Variability: Wet Season Sampling, Selected Monitoring In NON-Drought ConditionsN2 Component – Nitrogen Fixation/DenitrificationDetermine How To Apply Light During Incubation

Northern Everglades

River Watershed Research & Water Quality

Monitoring Program

St. Lucie River Watershed

Northern Everglades

River Watershed Research & Water Quality

Monitoring Program

St. Lucie River Watershed

June 2008

Dynamics of the Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (ETM) in the St. Lucie Estuary

Outline

Review : Estuarine CirculationETMsBiological Significance

Results:HydrodynamicsETM and Suspended SedimentDO, Chl a, and Pheophytin

Conclusions

Residual or Net Circulation

Well‐mixed

Partially‐mixed

Salt wedge

OceanRiver

Estuarine Turbidity Maximum Estuarine Turbidity Maximum

RiverOcean

Also called estuarine , gravitational, or density driven circulation

What determines the strength and location of the estuarine turbidity maximum in South Florida Estuaries?

Estuarine Turbidity Maximum Estuarine Turbidity Maximum RiverOcean

•Increased stratification increases estuarine circulation

But..

•Increased stratification decreases sediment resuspension

•Tidal energy (Spring vs. Neap tides)•Freshwater flow•Wind mixing•Bottom sediment type

(Doering and Chamberlain, 1999)

Can we quantify these relationships?

•Gradients in stratification

•Shallow bathymetry

•Shoal areas and secondary circulation

Other factors may produce ETMs, and sometimes secondary ETMs

Distance from mouth of York R

, 2003

(Scully and Friedrichs, 2002)

How does SIPS affect Sediment Transport?

Sediment resuspension greater during flood and higher into the water column

What are estuarine aggregates?What are estuarine aggregates?

Aggregates, or flocs, are complex matrices of microbial organisms, organic material, inorganic material, and interflocspaces or pores

(Droppo, 2001)

1 µm.

(Rogerson et al., 2003)

NUTRIENTSNUTRIENTS

NET SEAWARD FLOWNET SEAWARD FLOW

Nursery “Hotspot”Nursery “Hotspot”

(Peebles, 2006)

LISST100x

Methods •Profiles with Seabird 19+ CTD and attached OBS

•Profiles with Sequoia Science LISST 100X

•YSI deployed at bottom and surface for DO, pH and to provide realtime estimates of salinity to guide location of profiles.

oin St Lucie from fresh to 5 pptwhen possible, regular intervals

•Pumped samples with Geosubpump attached to CTD

St. Lucie Results

Figure DS1. Map of dry season, spring tide transects. Red box denotes location of North fork transects. Green box denotes location of Old South Fork transects. Yellow box denotes location of South Fork transects.

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Flow

at G

ordy

(cfs

)

date

Spring

Spring

Neap

Neap

Survey Dates and Flow

(Flow over St Lucie Lock and Dam was zero for entire period)

Wet Spring

Figure WS11. Wet season, spring tide temperature profile. Transect A’. Black lines denote salinity contours.

North Fork

Figure WS12. Wet season, spring tide turbidity profile. Transect A’. Red lines denote salinity contours.

North Fork

Figure WS17. Wet season, spring tide temperature profile. Transect B. Black lines denote salinity contours.

South Fork

Figure WS18. Wet season, spring tide turbidity profile. Transect B. Red lines denote salinity contours.

South Fork

Figure WS25. Wet season, spring tide turbidity profile. Transect C. Red lines denote salinity contours.

Figure WS31. Wet season, spring tide turbidity profile. Transect D. Red lines denote salinity contours.

Figure WS44. Wet season, spring tide turbidity profile. Transect F. Red lines denote salinity contours.

Significantly advecteddownstream

South Fork

Wet Neap

Figure WN5. Wet season, neap tide turbidity profile. Transect A. Red lines denote salinity contours.

North Fork

Figure WN9. Wet season, neap tide particle size distribution profile. Transect A. Triangles denote location of each profiling cast.

North Fork

Figure WN13. Wet season, neap tide turbidity profile. Transect B. Red lines denote salinity contours.

South Fork

Figure WN17. Wet season, neap tide particle size distribution profile. Transect B. Triangles denote location of each profiling cast.

South Fork

1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.81.02

1.04

1.06

1.08

1.1

1.12

1.14x 106

Agg

rega

te D

ensi

ty (g

m-3

)

log10( D50 (μm))

Figure WN43. Wet season, neap tide plot of estimated aggregate density by aggregate size.

1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

ws

(mm

s-1

)

log10( D50 (μm))

Figure WN44. Wet season, neap tide plot of estimated settling velocity by aggregate size.

Dry Neap

Figure DN29. Dry season, neap tide turbidity profile. Transect D. Red lines denote salinity contours.

Old South Fork

Figure DN33. Dry season, neap tide particle size distribution profile. Transect D. Triangles denote location of each profiling cast.

Figure DN37. Dry season, neap tide turbidity profile. Transect E. Red lines denote salinity contours.

South Fork

Dry Spring

Figure DS21. Dry season, spring tide turbidity profile. Transect C. Red lines denote salinity contours.


Well‐mixed

Partially‐mixed

Salt wedge

OceanRiver


Classification

Dissolved Oxygen

Chlorophyll a

Phaeophytin

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 74.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

7

7.5

8

km

DO

(mg

l-1)

DO, 080403North Fork, Going Downstream, Transect A

botsfc

Figure DS6. Dry season, spring tide dissolved oxygen concentration profile. Transect A. Blue line denotes bottom values and red line denotes surface values.

North Fork, Partially Mixed

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Chl

a ( μ

g l-1

Chlorophyl and PhaeophytinOct. 25, 2007,North Fork, Going Downstream, Transect A

botsfc

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 40

1

2

3

4

5

Km

Pha

e ( μ

g l-1

botsfc

Figure WS9. Wet season, spring tide a) chlorophyll a and b) phaeophytin concentration profiles. Transect A. Blue line denotes bottom values and red line denotes surface values.

a)

b)

North Fork, Salt Wedge condition

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 71

2

3

4

5

6

Chl

a ( μ

g l-1

Chlorophyl and PhaeophytinOct. 25, 2007, SLE, South Fork, Going Upstream, Transect F

botsfc

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 72

3

4

5

6

7

Km

Pha

eo ( μ

g l-1

botsfc

Figure WS48. Wet season, spring tide a) chlorophyll a and b) phaeophytin concentration profiles. Transect F. Blue line denotes bottom vand red line denotes surface values.

South Fork, Well mixed condition

(1993)

Conclusions:

•The density structure in the North Fork usually resembled a partially mixed estuary, however, during strong tidal flow and freshwater discharge it more closely resembled a salt wedge

•The density structure in the South Fork varied from well and partially mixed during the wet season to strongly stratified during the dry season

•The Old South Fork was completely fresh during the wet season and partially mixed during the dry season

Conclusions, cont.:

•ETMs were found to be produced from convergence of barotropic and baroclinic flows at the extent of the salinity intrusion, and also in regions of strong longitudinal density gradients.

•ETMs were often found in the fresh well mixed regions of the estuaries and probably consisted of small, easily resuspended primary aggregates

•Estimated settling velocities were an order of magnitude smaller than in the Caloosahatchee River, probably related to the abundance of small primary aggregates in the freshwater regions

•The most significant variation in particle size is related to salinity

June 24, 2008

Phytoplankton Limiting Nutrients and Species Composition for the St. Lucie Estuary

Coastal Ecosystems Division

Phytoplankton Limiting Nutrients and Species Composition for the St. Lucie Estuary

Coastal Ecosystems Division

PurposePurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine spatial and temporal patterns in the abundance and composition of the phytoplankton community in relation to nutrient elements (N, P, Si) and variability in salinity, temperature and light availability. In order to evaluate the potential responsiveness of the phytoplankton community to changes in nutrient load, the nutrient limiting status of the community was determined in controlled bioassay experiments.

The purpose of this study is to determine spatial and temporal patterns in the abundance and composition of the phytoplankton community in relation to nutrient elements (N, P, Si) and variability in salinity, temperature and light availability. In order to evaluate the potential responsiveness of the phytoplankton community to changes in nutrient load, the nutrient limiting status of the community was determined in controlled bioassay experiments.

St. Lucie Estuary, Limiting NutrientsSt. Lucie Estuary, Limiting Nutrients

Journal of Environmental Monitoring

Temporal and spatial variations of nutrients in the Ten Mile Creek of South Florida, USA and effects on phytoplankton biomass

Yuangen Yang,ab Zhenli He, Youjian Lin, Edward J. Phlips, Jinyan Yang, Guochao Chen,Peter J. Stoffellaa and Charles A. Powell

“Principal component analysis and the ratios of DIN/DP and TN/TP in the water suggest that N is the limiting nutrient factor for phytoplankton growth in the TMC”

Journal of Environmental Monitoring

Temporal and spatial variations of nutrients in the Ten Mile Creek of South Florida, USA and effects on phytoplankton biomass

Yuangen Yang,ab Zhenli He, Youjian Lin, Edward J. Phlips, Jinyan Yang, Guochao Chen,Peter J. Stoffellaa and Charles A. Powell

“Principal component analysis and the ratios of DIN/DP and TN/TP in the water suggest that N is the limiting nutrient factor for phytoplankton growth in the TMC”

IFAS Ten Mile Creek and North Fork Narrows Sampling Stations

IFAS Ten Mile Creek and North Fork Narrows Sampling Stations

St. Lucie Estuary Limiting Nutrient Sampling Locations

St. Lucie Estuary Limiting Nutrient Sampling Locations

MethodsMethods

The five sites were sampled for phytoplankton weekly from April 22 through September 28, 2007. Temperature, DO, and salinity were measured at the surface and near the bottom at each site. Light attenuation was determined by measuring light flux at depth intervals with quantum PAR probes (Li-cor).Water samples for chemical and phytoplankton analysis were collected with a vertical integrating sampling tube that captures water from the surface to within 0.1 m of the bottom

The five sites were sampled for phytoplankton weekly from April 22 through September 28, 2007. Temperature, DO, and salinity were measured at the surface and near the bottom at each site. Light attenuation was determined by measuring light flux at depth intervals with quantum PAR probes (Li-cor).Water samples for chemical and phytoplankton analysis were collected with a vertical integrating sampling tube that captures water from the surface to within 0.1 m of the bottom

Methods (Cont.)Methods (Cont.)

• Nutrient limitation/growth bioassay experiments for phytoplankton were performed on a monthly basis for the five specified sampling sites.

• Nutrient limitation/growth bioassay experiments for phytoplankton were performed on a monthly basis for the five specified sampling sites.

Mean (yellow) and Standard Deviations (white) of Nutrient Concentrations

Mean (yellow) and Standard Deviations (white) of Nutrient Concentrations

Site7 8 9 10 11

TN 0.968 1.074 0.859 0.632 0.538(0.325) (0.290) (0.271) (0.249) (0.215)

NO2,3 0.032 0.045 0.040 0.022 0.021(0.041) (0.049) (0.042) (0.025) (0.025)

NH4 0.125 0.241 0.183 0.122 0.060(0.148) (0.297) (0.151) (0.053) (0.037)

TP 0.208 0.218 0.183 0.095 0.044(0.057) (0.048) (0.056) (0.041) (0.029)

SRP 0.153 0.160 0.131 0.062 0.021(0.056) (0.044) (0.055) (0.033) (0.018)

Si 1.64 2.21 1.67 1.02 0.59(1.09) (1.21) (0.63) (0.23) (0.26)

Site7 8 9 10 11

TN 0.968 1.074 0.859 0.632 0.538(0.325) (0.290) (0.271) (0.249) (0.215)

NO2,3 0.032 0.045 0.040 0.022 0.021(0.041) (0.049) (0.042) (0.025) (0.025)

NH4 0.125 0.241 0.183 0.122 0.060(0.148) (0.297) (0.151) (0.053) (0.037)

TP 0.208 0.218 0.183 0.095 0.044(0.057) (0.048) (0.056) (0.041) (0.029)

SRP 0.153 0.160 0.131 0.062 0.021(0.056) (0.044) (0.055) (0.033) (0.018)

Si 1.64 2.21 1.67 1.02 0.59(1.09) (1.21) (0.63) (0.23) (0.26)

Mean (yellow) and Standard Deviation. (white)

Mean (yellow) and Standard Deviation. (white)

Site7 8 9 10 11

CHLa 14.55 14.69 12.95 7.46 3.37(9.10) (14.18) (9.33) (4.70) (2.10)

TURB 7.46 10.55 10.35 7.40 5.60(3.25) (3.93) (6.93) (3.43) (2.11)

CDOM 63.7 75.2 53.6 32.1 13.7(40.1) (47.4) (33.3) (22.2) (6.9)

Ke 2.852 3.487 3.104 2.381 1.375(0.971) (1.139) (0.902) (0.908) (0.763)

SECCHI 0.61 0.77 0.62 0.86 1.57(0.31) (1.03) (0.27) (0.25) (0.82)

Site7 8 9 10 11

CHLa 14.55 14.69 12.95 7.46 3.37(9.10) (14.18) (9.33) (4.70) (2.10)

TURB 7.46 10.55 10.35 7.40 5.60(3.25) (3.93) (6.93) (3.43) (2.11)

CDOM 63.7 75.2 53.6 32.1 13.7(40.1) (47.4) (33.3) (22.2) (6.9)

Ke 2.852 3.487 3.104 2.381 1.375(0.971) (1.139) (0.902) (0.908) (0.763)

SECCHI 0.61 0.77 0.62 0.86 1.57(0.31) (1.03) (0.27) (0.25) (0.82)

Results of Limiting Nutrient BioassaysResults of Limiting Nutrient Bioassays

SitesDate 7 8 9 10 11

5/2/2007 N N N U NPSi Si N

5/29/2007 N U N N NPN Si Si

6/25/2007 N U U N NPP N N

7/23/2007 N U U U UN N N NP

8/27/2007 U U U U PN N N N Si

9/25/2007 U U U U UN N N N NSi

SitesDate 7 8 9 10 11

5/2/2007 N N N U NPSi Si N

5/29/2007 N U N N NPN Si Si

6/25/2007 N U U N NPP N N

7/23/2007 N U U U UN N N NP

8/27/2007 U U U U PN N N N Si

9/25/2007 U U U U UN N N N NSi

Chlorophyll a (Chl) concentrations over the study period at the five sampling sites.

Chlorophyll a (Chl) concentrations over the study period at the five sampling sites.

0102030405060

4/20

/07

5/5/

075/

20/0

76/

4/07

6/19

/07

7/4/

077/

19/0

78/

3/07

8/18

/07

9/2/

079/

17/0

7

7891011

Chl

a , µ

g l-1

Partial light extinction coefficients: Kc represents the contribution of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), Kp represents the

contribution of phytoplankton, and Kt represents the contribution of non-algal suspended solids

012345

4/22

/07

5/2/

07

5/29

/07

6/25

/07

7/23

/07

8/27

/07

9/25

/07

K tK pK c

012345

4/22

/07

5/2/

07

5/29

/07

6/25

/07

7/23

/07

8/27

/07

9/25

/07

K tK pK c

S ite 7

S ite 8

Part

ial L

ight

Ext

inct

ion

Coe

ffici

ents

, m-1

012345

4/22

/07

5/2/

07

5/29

/07

6/25

/07

7/23

/07

8/27

/07

9/25

/07

K tK pK c

S ite 9

Partial light extinction coefficients: Kc represents the contribution of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), Kp represents the

contribution of phytoplankton, and Kt represents the contribution of non-algal suspended solids

012345

4/22

/07

5/2/

07

5/29

/07

6/25

/07

7/23

/07

8/27

/07

9/25

/07

KtKpKc

012345

4/22

/07

5/2/

07

5/29

/07

6/25

/07

7/23

/07

8/27

/07

9/25

/07

KtKpKc

Part

ial L

ight

Ext

inct

ion

Coe

ffici

ents

, m-1

Site 11

Site 10

Biovolume of major algal groups over the study period at the five sampling sites. Diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria

Status of Project

Samples were collected from October 2007 to May 2008

Data presently being compiled and will be incorporated into Northern Everglades St. Lucie

Estuary Plan

T

Status of Project

Samples were collected from October 2007 to May 2008

Data presently being compiled and will be incorporated into Northern Everglades St. Lucie

Estuary Plan

T

June 24, 2008

St. Lucie River Watershed Research and Water Quality Monitoring Plan Research Projects

St. Lucie River Watershed Research and Water Quality Monitoring Plan Research Projects

St. Lucie Research ProjectsSt. Lucie Research Projects

Nutrient BudgetDissolved Oxygen DynamicsLow Salinity Zone - Nursery Function

Nutrient BudgetDissolved Oxygen DynamicsLow Salinity Zone - Nursery Function

St. Lucie #1 Estuarine Nutrient Budget


A well constrained nutrient budget is an important aspect of TMDL/BMAP implementation and assessment. Nutrient budgets assist with determining appropriate nutrient reduction approaches and with evaluating and optimizing project effectiveness. This project will construct nutrient budgets of nitrogen and phosphorus for the St. Lucie Estuary. Terms in the nutrient budget will be determined by a variety of methods: Input, Cycling, Output.

A well constrained nutrient budget is an important aspect of TMDL/BMAP implementation and assessment. Nutrient budgets assist with determining appropriate nutrient reduction approaches and with evaluating and optimizing project effectiveness. This project will construct nutrient budgets of nitrogen and phosphorus for the St. Lucie Estuary. Terms in the nutrient budget will be determined by a variety of methods: Input, Cycling, Output.

Structures S-80, S-48,S-49, Gordy Road

Tidal Basin Surface FlowsGround WaterPoint Sources

Atlantic OceanAtmospheric DepositionNitrogen Fixation

Primary ProductivityWater Column RespirationOrganic Matter DegradationBenthic Nutrient Flux

DenitrificationExport to OceanBurial in SedimentsBiomass

MigrationHarvesting

Cycle OutputsInputs

Estuarine Nutrient Budget - NitrogenEstuarine Nutrient Budget - Nitrogen



INPUTSINPUTSStructures…………… Data Available (could be better)

Tidal Basin -Surface Flows….. Modeling Project (Storm Water

Event data needed) Ground Water….. Modeling Project (data

analyses needed)

Atlantic Ocean……………. Modeling Project

Atmospheric Deposition…. Data Available

Nitrogen Fixation………… New Measurements



Primary Productivity………………. New Measurements

Water Column Respiration……….. New Measurements

Organic Matter Degradation……… New Measurements

Benthic Nutrient Flux……………… One time Dry Season Data Exist, Need More



CYCLECYCLE

Denitrification…………… Some Data Exist/ Need More

Export to Ocean………… Modeling Project

Burial in Sediments…….. Some Sedimentation Rate Data Exist

BiomassMigration……… Data????Harvesting……. Data ???

OUTPUTSOUTPUTS



St. Lucie #2 Dissolved Oxygen Dynamics


In order to determine if proposed TMDLs for nutrients will improve DO concentrations in the St. Lucie Estuary it is necessary to identify the important factors that control dissolved oxygen and how they interact to exert that control. The St. Lucie Estuary has been listed as impaired for dissolved oxygen and nutrients. This study will examine the role of internal and external factors in determining the concentration of dissolved oxygen.These include stratification, algal blooms, sediment oxygen demand, and BOD loading.

In order to determine if proposed TMDLs for nutrients will improve DO concentrations in the St. Lucie Estuary it is necessary to identify the important factors that control dissolved oxygen and how they interact to exert that control. The St. Lucie Estuary has been listed as impaired for dissolved oxygen and nutrients. This study will examine the role of internal and external factors in determining the concentration of dissolved oxygen.These include stratification, algal blooms, sediment oxygen demand, and BOD loading.



Dissolved Oxygen DynamicsDissolved Oxygen Dynamics

Out-gassingWater Column RespirationOrganic Matter DegradationSediment Oxygen Demand

Dissolved OxygenChlorophyll aLight Extinction

Sinks

ConcentrationTime Series

AerationRiverine LoadOceanic LoadPhotosynthesis

Sources

Physics

TransportMixingStratification

Aeration………………… No data – Literature Value/ ModelWatershed Load..…….. Need Measurements, Watershed Model AvailableOceanic Load…………. Need Concentrations, 3D Model Needs CalibrationPhotosynthesis………. Need Measurements

Transport……….. Hydrodynamic Model AvailableMixing…………… Hydrodynamic Model AvailableStratification…… Hydrodynamic Model Available

Out-Gassing……………………. Literature Value/ ModelWater Column Respiration….. Need MeasurementsOrganic Matter Degradation… Need Measurements/Literature ValueSediment Oxygen Demand….. Need Measurements

Dissolved Oxygen................... Need MeasurementsChlorophyll a………………….. Need MeasurementsLight Extinction……………….. Need Measurements

SOURCES

PHYSICS

SINKS

CONCENTRATION TIME SERIES



St. Lucie #3 Low Salinity Zone


One of the goals of the St. Lucie River Watershed Protection Plan is to minimize the occurrence of undesirable salinity ranges in the St. Lucie Estuary:Constructing and operating facilities designed to store and subsequently release freshwater to the estuary. One of the primary ecological services provided by an estuary isto serve as a nursery area, occurring in low salinity zones, for early life stages of important fish and shell fish. This project examines the effects of freshwater discharge on production of fish larvae in the low salinity zone of the St. Lucie Estuary. Results of this study will be used to refine flow and salinity envelopes and to provide guidelines for delivery of freshwater to the St. Lucie Estuary.

One of the goals of the St. Lucie River Watershed Protection Plan is to minimize the occurrence of undesirable salinity ranges in the St. Lucie Estuary:Constructing and operating facilities designed to store and subsequently release freshwater to the estuary. One of the primary ecological services provided by an estuary isto serve as a nursery area, occurring in low salinity zones, for early life stages of important fish and shell fish. This project examines the effects of freshwater discharge on production of fish larvae in the low salinity zone of the St. Lucie Estuary. Results of this study will be used to refine flow and salinity envelopes and to provide guidelines for delivery of freshwater to the St. Lucie Estuary.

Low Salinity Nursery ZoneLow Salinity Nursery Zone

Water QualityFreshwater InflowNutrients, ColorTurbidity, Salinity,Temp, DO, TSS

Time SeriesMeasurements

Watershed LoadOceanic LoadPrimary Productivity(Color, Turbidity, Chla)

Sources Physics

TransportMixingStratification

BiotaPhytoplanktonChlorophyll aZooplanktonLarval/Juvenile Fish, SpawningBenthic Fauna



Freshwater Inflow…… Measure/ ModelNutrients, ColorTurbidity, Salinity, MeasureTemp, DO, TSS

PhytoplanktonChlorophyll a Measure TimeZooplankton Series AlongLarval & Juvenile Fish, Spawning Salinity GradientBenthic



Riverine Load..………… Need Measurements, Watershed Model AvailableOceanic Load………….. Need Concentrations and Hydrodynamic ModelPrimary Productivity…. Need Measurements (Color, Turbidity, Chlorophyll a)

Transport……….. Hydrodynamic ModelMixing…………… Hydrodynamic ModelStratification…... Measure or Model

SOURCES

PHYSICS

WATER QUALITY

BIOTA

Proposed Three Year Projects (Rough Annual Cost Estimate)Watershed load - $150,000

Measurement at Structures Stormwater Event Based MeasurementGround Water Measurement Data Analyses

Internal Load/Benthic Fluxes - $150,000Nutrient Flux, SOD, Denitrification, Sediment Burial

Primary Productivity - $100,000Primary Productivity, Photosynthesis, Water Column Respiration, Organic Matter Degradation, Algal Blooms

Biomass - $100,000Phytoplankton, Chl-a, Zooplankton, Larval & Juvenile Fish, Benthic

Time Series Concentration Measurement - $100,000Color, Turbidity, Light, DO, Nutrients, TSS, BOD, Salinity

Modeling Tools - $150,000Ecological Responses – Seagrass Model , WQ cycling, Watershed Load, Oceanic Loads, Export to Ocean, Physics, Stratification, Transport, Mixing, Sediment Resuspension.

Proposed Three Year Projects (Rough Annual Cost Estimate)Watershed load - $150,000

Measurement at Structures Stormwater Event Based MeasurementGround Water Measurement Data Analyses

Internal Load/Benthic Fluxes - $150,000Nutrient Flux, SOD, Denitrification, Sediment Burial

Primary Productivity - $100,000Primary Productivity, Photosynthesis, Water Column Respiration, Organic Matter Degradation, Algal Blooms

Biomass - $100,000Phytoplankton, Chl-a, Zooplankton, Larval & Juvenile Fish, Benthic

Time Series Concentration Measurement - $100,000Color, Turbidity, Light, DO, Nutrients, TSS, BOD, Salinity

Modeling Tools - $150,000Ecological Responses – Seagrass Model , WQ cycling, Watershed Load, Oceanic Loads, Export to Ocean, Physics, Stratification, Transport, Mixing, Sediment Resuspension.

St. Lucie Research Projects

St. Lucie Research Projects

1_SLEBenthicFlux-Jun08RWQMPMEETING_COMPRESSEDUpdate on Systemwide Benthic Flux Coring and Site Specific Benthic Flux Processes (Methods Comparison).2 Projects: Systemwide Cores (remote) and Chambers (in situ) vs. Cores (remote)50 Sites for SYSTEMWIDE Core Incubation and 4 Sites for Chamber/Core Incubations of Benthic Nutrient Fluxes in the SLESlide Number 4Slide Number 5Sediment CharacteristicsSt. Lucie River Estuary: Light and Sediment Chlorophyll Sediment Chlorophyll and CarbonSystemwide Fluxes: DOSystemwide Fluxes: AmmoniumSystemwide Fluxes: PhosphateSystemwide Fluxes: NitrateSystemwide Fluxes: Total Dissolved NitrogenSystemwide Fluxes: Total Dissolved PhosphorusSystemwide Fluxes: SilicateComparisons: DO FluxesLight and Dark DO FluxesLight and Dark DenitrificationSediment Chlorophyll and CarbonOBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:What’s Next: Modeling Needs

2_SLE ETM NEEP 061808Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Slide Number 29Slide Number 30Slide Number 31Slide Number 32Slide Number 33Slide Number 34Slide Number 35Slide Number 36Slide Number 37Slide Number 38Slide Number 39Slide Number 40Slide Number 41Slide Number 42Slide Number 43Slide Number 44Slide Number 46Slide Number 47Slide Number 48

3_June24SLE-Limiting Nutrient 061908Slide Number 1PurposeSt. Lucie Estuary, Limiting NutrientsIFAS Ten Mile Creek and North Fork Narrows Sampling StationsSt. Lucie Estuary Limiting Nutrient Sampling Locations MethodsMethods (Cont.)Mean (yellow) and Standard Deviations (white) of Nutrient ConcentrationsMean (yellow) and Standard Deviation. (white)Results of Limiting Nutrient BioassaysChlorophyll a (Chl) concentrations over the study period at the five sampling sites. Partial light extinction coefficients: Kc represents the contribution of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), Kp represents the contribution of phytoplankton, and Kt represents the contribution of non-algal suspended solids Partial light extinction coefficients: Kc represents the contribution of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), Kp represents the contribution of phytoplankton, and Kt represents the contribution of non-algal suspended solids Slide Number 18

4_June24SLE-RWQMPMEETING_ResearchTopicsSlide Number 1St. Lucie Research ProjectsSt. Lucie �#1 Estuarine Nutrient BudgetSt. Lucie �#1 Estuarine Nutrient BudgetSlide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7St. Lucie�#2 Dissolved Oxygen DynamicsSt. Lucie�#2 Dissolved Oxygen DynamicsSt. Lucie�#2 Dissolved Oxygen DynamicsSt. Lucie�#3 Low Salinity ZoneSt. Lucie�#3 Low Salinity ZoneSt. Lucie�#3 Low Salinity ZoneSt. Lucie�Research Projects

Update on Systemwide Benthic Flux Coring and Site Specific Benthic Flux Processes (Methods · 2016....

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Transcript of Update on Systemwide Benthic Flux Coring and Site Specific Benthic Flux Processes (Methods · 2016....