Update on in-situ tower-based measurements INFLUX workshop Purdue University 8 August 2011.
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Transcript of Update on in-situ tower-based measurements INFLUX workshop Purdue University 8 August 2011.
![Page 1: Update on in-situ tower-based measurements INFLUX workshop Purdue University 8 August 2011.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649dd95503460f94ace3e6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Update on in-situ tower-based measurements
INFLUX workshop
Purdue University
8 August 2011
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Outline• CO2/CH4/CO instrument calibration at PSU• Drift tests• Instrument calibration and testing at NIST• Multi-species data examples• Data availability to date• Comparison of co-located Picarros• Deployment readiness update
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CO2/CH4/CO instrument calibration
• For CO2, used 4 NOAA tanks for which only CO2 is known for calibration
• For CH4 and CO, we had four tanks, but two sets of two
NOAA_co2=[378.22 416.55 378.61 417.06] ; % ppmNOAA_ch4=[1798.4 2465.6 1790 2461.2] % ppbNOAA_co=[153.3 239.5 145.3 233.7]; % ppb
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Repeat of CO2 only calibration28 February 2011
Results are very similar to calibration on 26 January 2011
400 ppm tank: suspect?
Instr 2005
Instr 2006
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WMO recommendationsCO2: 0.1 ppmCH4: 2 ppbCO: 2 ppb
CO2/CH4/CO calibration (26 Jan 2011)
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Drift testsJan-Feb 2011
• Tested two tanks, alternating between • 5, 10, 5, 10 min, etc • 11 days of data
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CO2
(ppm)
CH4
(ppb)
CO
(ppb)
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Time series for 10-min tank10-sec data10-min averages60-min averages
• Noticeable drift over the 10+ day test, significant for CO2 compared to target accuracy, but drift for CH4 and CO is small compared to target accuracy
• How long (and how often) do we need to sample for zero drift of CO
DOY
CO2
(ppm)
CH4
(ppb)
CO
(ppb)
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• Calculated means over various periods (5, 10, 30, and 60 min)
• Calculated range of those means during each day
• For CO2 there is slight improvement as period increases; however, for all the range is roughly half of the target (0.1 ppm)
CO2
Dai
ly r
ange
of
mea
n (p
pm)
DOY
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CH4
• For CH4 all the ranges are half of less of the target (2 ppb)
D
aily
ran
ge o
f m
ean
(ppb
)
DOY
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CO
• For CO there is marked improvement as the averaging period increases
• For 10-min averaging period, the range is roughly 2.5 ppb (target: 2 ppb for clean air)
D
aily
ran
ge o
f m
ean
(ppb
)
DOY
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Allan Variance: CO2σy
2(t)=½ <(yn+1 – yn)2>y(n) is the normalized measure
departure, measured over sample period n, and t is time per sample
period
• Minimum: 5 – 40 min • Plan to a better test by sampling tank
for several hours (CO2 system)
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Allan Variance: CH4
Minimum: 8 - 56 min
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Allan Variance: CO
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Instrument Calibration and Testing at NIST5 – 7 July 2011
• Using three PSU NOAA-calibrated (CO2/CH4/CO) tanks, we performed calibration of 6 NIST Picarros and testing of 2 PSU Picarros– CC339519: 365.34 ppm CO2, 1714.86 ppb CH4, 141.1 ppb CO – CC342919: 395.08 ppm CO2, 1859.23 CH4, 146.4 ppb CO – CC336629: 451.17 ppm CO2, 2117.14 ppb CH4, 254.5 ppb CO
Note that while the calibration tanks for CO2 and CH4 span a good range, two of the tanks measure nearly the same value for CO
• Also tested– CC336482 396.04 ppm CO2, 142.0 ppb CO– NIST tank from NOAA Niwot Ridge
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• Inter-test differences are < 0.04 ppm for CO2, < 1.1 ppb for CH4, and < 1.3 ppb for CO.
• Residuals from applying a linear fit are <0.02 ppm for CO2, < 0.12 ppb for CH4 and < 2 ppb for CO.
• Both the CO2 and CH4 residuals are well below the WMO recommendations for those species. The maximum CO residual is approximately equal to the WMO recommendation for clean air.
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NIST tank from NOAA uncalibrated Niwot Ridge air
• CO2: 388.26 +- 0.02 ppm (5 instruments)• CH4: 1840.30 +- 0.17 ppb (3 instruments)• CO: 129.1 +- 0.2 ppb (2 instruments)
• PSU CADS instruments measured 388.3 ppm and 388.4 ppm (note: CADS07 has failing pump)
Results (using calibrated NIST systems)
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NOAA-calibrated tankCO2: 396.04 ppm CH4: not cal’ed CO: 142.0 ppb
• CO2: 396.03 +- 0.02 ppm (5 instruments)• CH4: 1865.17 +- 0.12 ppb (3 instruments)• CO: 142.1 +- 2.2 ppb (2 instruments)
• PSU CADS instruments measured 396.0 ppm and 396.1 ppm (note: CADS07 has failing pump)
• Peak-to-peak noise of NIST CFADS and CKADS instruments: 0.05 – 0.15 ppm CO2
• Peak-to-peak noise of PSU CADS instruments: 0.4 – 0.7 ppm CO2
Results (using calibrated NIST systems)
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Multi-species data July 2011 / 19-20 April 2011
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Multi-species data: July 2011
CO2
(ppm)
CH4
(ppb)
CO
(ppb)
Green = Rural siteRed = Urban site
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19 April 2011
• Green = Rural site• Red = Urban site• Two instruments
measuring CO2 at both sites, but not seen on this scale (it’s a good thing!)
• Top level only is plotted
• Valve sequencer had “issues”
Drive around2100-2300 UTC5-7pm local
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20 April 2011
• Green = Rural site• Red = Urban site• Two instruments
measuring CO2 at both sites, but not seen on this scale (it’s a good thing!)
• Top level only is plotted
• Valve sequencer had “issues”
• 300-730 UTC = 11pm-3:30am local
Drive around1300-1500 UTC9-11am local8:00 UTC = 4am local = 0.3
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20 April 2011
• Green = Rural site• Red = Urban site• Two instruments
measuring CO2 at both sites, but not seen on this scale (it’s a good thing!)
• Top level only is plotted
• Valve sequencer had “issues”
• 300-730 UTC = 11pm-3:30am local
Drive around1300-1500 UTC9-11am local
Green = multi-species instrument at rural sitePink = CO2-only instrument co-located at rural site
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IND Airport Wind Data (19-20 April 2011)
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IND Airport Pressure/Temp (19-20 April 2011)
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Data Availability (CO2 only instruments)Site01 (CO2 only) Beginning October 2010
Site02 (CO2 only)
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Data Availability (CO2/CH4/CO instruments)
SITE01 (CO2/CH4/CO)
SITE02 (CO2/CH4/CO)
Beginning in March 2011
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Comparison of co-located CRDS instruments
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Tower locations (current and planned)• Site 01: CO2/CH4/CO
Flasks, PROFILE, “Rural”
• Site 02: CO2/CH4/CO Flasks, PROFILE, “Urban”
• Site 03: CO2/CH4/CO (2 instruments) Flasks, PROFILE
• Site 04: CO2/CO, Flasks
• Site 05: CO2/CO, Flasks
• Site 06: CO2/CH4• Site 07: CO2/CH4
PROFILE• Site 08: CO2• Site 09: CO2• Site 10: CO2• Site 11: CO2
07
06
03
01
02
10
08
11
09
04
05
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Additional towers: progress towards deployment readiness
• 2 sites in addition to Sites 01 and 02 will be profile sites (4 levels), other 6 sites will measure at top level (100+ m AGL)
• In the process of building the 2 profile sampling systems• Note that the CO2-only instruments will be re-located to
the SouthEast in 2012