Dissertation Workshop (UNN):Plagiarism & Referencing

http://tlc-kdu.blogspot.com

More Comments on Lit. Review

• Structuring your lit.review– E.g. packaging

• Importance of packaging (theory, models, etc.)• Trends in packaging (from flashy to small, etc.)• Recent issues/problems

– E.g. brand name• Importance of brand name for promotion• Factors impacting significance of brands• Why do some brands succeed and others fail?

– E.g. financing of SMEs’ in China• Brief history of SME financing • Options (official and ‘under-ground’)• Govt. regulations and policies• Most common problems

• Title must not be too vague

Your Checklist by now…

• Make sure you have a good title

• Make sure you know what research methods you plan to use

• Make sure you’re citing/referencing correctly (this session)

Plagiarism is…

“the act of presenting the words, ideas, images, sounds, or the creative expression of others as your own.”

72%In the United States…

…of students admitted cheating on a written assignment

Based on the research of Donald L. McCabe, Rutgers UniversitySource: “CIA Research.” Center for Academic Integrity, Duke University, 2003 <http://academicintegrity.org/cai_research.asp>.

What are the Consequences?

Class ID: 2951949

Password: choykee

TURN-IT-IN Password

Is it worth the risk?

• “0” on the assignment• Referral to administrators• Suspension or dismissal

from school and/or activities

• Note on student record• Loss of reputation among

the school community• Loss of job• Prosecution

THE SOLUTION?

Paraphrasing is…

Presenting someone else’s essential ideas and information

in your own language

Why Paraphrase?!

• Avoid plagiarism!

• Provide support (or give examples) for your writing

• Demonstrate you’ve read broadly / deeply

• Highlight / Target a position you wish to support or disagree with

• Highlight ‘cool’ phrases

33STEPS TO PARAPHRASING

#1 Use your own words

Use synonyms

More than half of the business women who attended the conference were in business with their husbands

The terrible accident on the Karak Highway was the result of bad weather.

Raw honey is believed to be an ancient treatment for healing wounds.

There has been unrest in most parts of the region due to the civil war.

Interchange active and passive voices

Andrew repaired the machine. The problem was due to the electrical circuits being wired wrongly.

On Tuesday night, a heavy storm ravaged Kuala Lumpur. The storm destroyed dozens of houses and buildings in the inner city.

#2 Give credit to original author

a) Cite it right!

b) Use quotes for key words and

phrases

Examples

“We live in the shadow of the sixties. Of all the artificial constructs by which we delineate our immediate past, ‘the sixties’ have the greatest purchase on the mass imagination. They stand rightly or not, as the dominant myth of the modern era”

Green, J. (1999) All Dressed Up: Sixties and the Counter-Culture, London: Jonathan Cape Ltd

Words to use when citing

• Green (1999) argues…

• Green (1999) reports…

• Green (1999) concludes…

• Green (1999) finds…

• Green (1999) states…

• Green (1999) observes…

• Green (1999) notes…

#3 Compare what you wrote with the original text

Check it!

• Are main ideas and substance covered?

• Are there key words and phrases?

• Did you use your own words and modify sentence structure?

• Did you give credit to author?

Spot the mistakes (1)

Copied word for word without attribution - Plagiarism

Original

“At the crux of any discussion of what happened during the sixties, one inevitably comes up against the word ‘revolution’. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.”

Student’s Work

At the crux of any discussion of what happened during the sixties, one inevitably comes up against the word ‘revolution’. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.

Spot the mistakes (2)

The 2nd sentence is directly lifted but only the 1st is attributed – Plagiarism

Original

“At the crux of any discussion of what happened during the sixties, one inevitably comes up against the word ‘revolution’. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.”

Student’s Work

Green (1999) points out the inevitability of encountering the word ‘revolution’ when looking at the sixties. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.

Spot the mistakes (3)

This is still plagiarism. The essay example just exchanges one word for another.

Original

“At the crux of any discussion of what happened during the sixties, one inevitably comes up against the word ‘revolution’. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.”

Student’s Work

At the core of any discussion of what occurred during the sixties, one unavoidably meets the word ‘revolution’. For the intention of this discussion, it is necessary to separate the ‘revolution’ into two parts.

Spot the mistakes (4)

The source is correctly referenced. No plagiarism.

Original

“At the crux of any discussion of what happened during the sixties, one inevitably comes up against the word ‘revolution’. For the purposes of this discussion it seems best to divide the ‘revolution’ into two parts.”

 Student’s Work

Green (1999) argues that any discussion of ‘the sixties’ inevitably involves use of the term ‘revolution’. In his book, he chooses to divide this ‘revolution’ into two distinct parts.

Exercises!

Paraphrase the below

“Being overweight can cause sleep problems, including clogged airways that constrain breathing. But because a lack of sleep actually triggers the hormones that boost hunger and appetite, sleeping too little can also rise your chances of getting fat.”

Penn, M. & Zalesne, E. (2007) Microtrends: Surprising tales of the way we live today, London: Penguin