UNIX: A Personal History · 2012. 7. 11. · Apollo Domain UNIX • “Diane, you’re the only one...
Transcript of UNIX: A Personal History · 2012. 7. 11. · Apollo Domain UNIX • “Diane, you’re the only one...
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UNIX: A Personal History UNIXes I have known S. Diane Smith,PhD
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Sun SparcClassic (early 1990’s) Ultra60, Dell PC
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• LINKSYS wireless router
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• PowerPC Apples
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• NAS backup storage
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• JAILBROKE IPOD
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• NOOK (as Android….)
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• Dish network
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• Droid
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• Raspberry Pi • http://www.raspberrypi.org/faqs
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• “Junior”, 2 quadcore INTEL Servers • http://robots.stanford.edu/papers/junior08.pdf
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MULTICS: Bell Labs, MIT, and GE
•1963+; GE-635 delivered in 1965 •Written in PL/I •Prof. Jack Dennis: my swimming partner at many a Parallel Processing Conference •PhD student Prof. Peter Denning: My Operating Systems professor 1976
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UNICS:
• 1969 • Space Travel: written for MULTICS, $75
in computing time to play it • Disused PDP-7 port • Eventually spelled the way it’s
pronounced….
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Hardware: PDP-11, $65K
• http://www.bell-labs.com/history/unix/firstport.html
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Purdue University: June 1976
PDP 11/70: performance tests against DEC operating system
Connect to other PDP 11’s in research groups
New faculty from Princeton, Illinois want to continue to use UNIX for their research
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Dual CPU VAX • http://hampage.hu/vax/e_
1981.html • George Goble, sys
admin, first Indiana plate “UNIX”
More importantly, 1996 Ig Noble prize in chemistry - LOX http://www.bkinzel.de/misc/ghg/index.html
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nroff - the text editor
• New faculty - needed to finish writing PhD’s
• PhD students learn it’s cheaper (FREE!) than paying someone to type it for you
• Some drawbacks - the library doesn’t know what to do with even margins
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The Berkeley Connection
• 1976, Ken Thompson sabbatical • CSRG joins in • Berkeley Sockets API • Database research • Visual Editor - vi (Bill Joy) “replaces” ed
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University of Wisconsin - Madison
• CS Department runs VAX with Berkeley UNIX
• Department head pushes for all email, “paperless” communications
• Sends out emails, admin prints it out and puts it in all mailboxes…..
• Randy Katz goes back to Berkeley and works on RAID
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LLNL - CRG and UC Davis at Livermore
• VAX, BSD research • Data Flow Languages - SISAL • Performance measurements • Dr. Art Sorkin: “What’s with ls? Who
would call a command ls instead of dir?” • Me: “ If you don’t like it, make an alias.”
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SUN workstations
• S1 Computer group at LLNL early users • 68000 based, Berkeley UNIX, SUNOS • RISC SPARC architecture • “The network is the computer” • SUN Network File System (NFS) • Java…….
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POSIX - 1988
• By late 80’s, EVERYONE had their “own” UNIX
• HP/UX • Data General (Motorola 88000) DG/UX • IBM AIX • Apple AUX • Apollo Computer (who?)
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Integrated Cmos Systems
• Gate Array design software • Originally written in PL/I for IBM
mainframe (fiber optic out the back door, down the alley to the timeshare service down the street - gardener mowed over the cable)
• Fall 1988 took delivery of ~20 Apollo workstations
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Apollo Domain UNIX • “Diane, you’re the only one here who knows
UNIX - you’re the system administrator. Run over to Fry’s and get some coax and tools and string the ethernet around the building.”
• First release of the Apollo UNIX, including X Windows
• Tech writer, “What do you mean there’s a difference between /usr and /user? Obviously, it’s a typo.”
• Bought by HP shortly thereafter in 1989. HP COULD have had 26% of the entire workstation market in 1990….
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1993 UC Santa Cruz: Operating Systems
• Teaching trend away from just theory
• More practical examples • 1987: Minix - a minimal
UNIX for teaching and research
• http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/�
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Linux
• Student Linus Torvalds takes Operating Systems, gets interested in MINIX
• No “pure” open source UNIX available • GNU UNIX promised but not there yet • BSD for cheap PC hardware not yet
released • Decides to write one, just for fun • First release August 1991
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The Tanenbaum - Torvalds Debate
• Tanenbaum sees that comp.os.minix has a lot of talk about linux
• Joining in, he declares linux obsolete before it starts, because it’s structure bears no relationship to where ”modern” operating system theory is going
• http://oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/appa.html
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From there to…
• MySql • Apache • Internet applications - web site hosting • LAMP LINUX, Apache, MySQL,
PHP/PERL
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Interesting References:
• MULTICS: http://www.multicians.org • History of UNIX: http://www.bell-
labs.com/history/unix/