UNIT III Lesson 2 Classification of Matter. Classification of matter.
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Transcript of UNIT III Lesson 2 Classification of Matter. Classification of matter.
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UNIT III Lesson 2Classification of Matter
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Classification of matter
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SOME DEFINITIONS TO KNOW
A system: a part of the ________ being studied in a given situation.
A phase: part of a _______ which is uniform in both composition and properties.
Phases in a particular system are distinct____________ separated from each other by _______________ ( sometimes we use a microscope to see these boundaries).
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III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Atom: The smallest part of an element which retains ALL the fundamental properties of the element…Elements - contain only one type of atom
1. monatomic elements consist of 1 atom only ex: Fe, Al, Cu, He2. polyatomic elements consist of several “like” atoms bonded together Ex: H2 O2 Br2 F2 I2 Cl2 P4
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III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
A molecule is 2 or more atoms held together
If a molecule is made up of identical atoms, it is called an element.
If a molecule is made up of different types atoms, it is called a compound.
Atoms are held together by electrical forces.
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III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Difference between an element and a compound?
First, they are both molecules (2 or more atoms)
An element is made up of the same type of atoms
A compound is made up of different types of atoms.
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III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
ION: atom or molecule that possesses an electrical charge…
Sodium ion (Na+ ) Chloride ion (Cl- ) Nitrate ion or Nitrate ( NO3
- )
A particle: general term to describe a small bit of matter like atom, molecule, or ion.
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MORE TERMS TO CLASSIFY MATTER
Pure substance: unchanged, uniform properties.
Ex: salt (NaCl) has a density of 2.16 g/mL and melts at 801 C and is colourless.
It is homogenous in composition too!
Homogenous: consisting of only one phase.Ex: air, water, a piece of iron
Heterogeneous: consisting of more than one phase.Ex: human beings, pencil, gravel.
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2 TYPES OF MIXTURES
A mixture: a system made up of 2 or more substances, and the amounts can be different/varied.
Ex: salt dissolved in water.
If a mixture is heterogeneous, it is called a mechanical mixtureEx: sand, iron filings with sulphur
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MIXTURE OR COMPOUND VIDEO …
Iron filings and sulphur
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cL6I1O1YHH0
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2 TYPES OF MIXTURES If a mixture is homogenous, it is called a solution.
gas-in-gas our air (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)
gas-in-liquid soda, pop cans.
liquid-in-liquid alcohol and water
THEY LOOK LIKE THERE ARE ONE THING…
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Homogeneous solution
Heterogeneous solution
Clear solution. Transparent and will not settle
Translucent or opaque solution may settle in some
cases
cannot be separated by filtration or a magnet
Can be separated by filtration or a magnet
Salt water, air, alloys Smoke, milk, muddy water
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PAGE 50: CLASSIFYING SUBSTANCES SCHEME*
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III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances
A solvent: the component in a solution that exists in greater amounts.
A solute: the component in a solution that exists in lesser amounts
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III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
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III.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
*Aqueous solutions are solutions where the solvent is water. The subscript (aq) indicates that a compound is in aqueous solution.
* When water exists in solution, we call water the solvent EVEN if it exists in LESSER quantity.
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HomeWork for Monday ( for marks ) QUESTIONS: p. 52 #33 - 44