UNIT 8 – THE GREAT DEPRESSION & NEW DEAL, 1929-1939 STUDENT__________________________ STUDY GUIDE STUDENT # ______________ PER._____ DIRECTIONS: View UNIT 8 POWERPOINT REVIEWS to ANSWER the QUESTIONS on this STUDY GUIDE. Thorough completion and studying of the following questions will provide excellent preparation for the... "CS QUES's" TEST, 1st SEM. FINAL, and CST.

1. List 4 causes of the Great Depression. 2. When the 1930 Hawley-Smoot Tariff raised the average tariff rate to the highest in American History, what did it unintentionally lead to ? 3. How did European countries respond to the 1930 Hawley-Smoot Tariff? 4. Identify 4 effects of the Great Depression. 5. What was the overall unemployment rate during the Great Depression? 6. During the Great Depression, what were Hoovervilles? 7. What was Margaret Bourke-White able to do as a photojournalist during the Great Depression? 8. Identify 4 factors that contributed to the Dust Bowl of the 1930’s. 9. What did Dorothea Lange’s photographs help draw attention to during the Great Depression?

10. a.How did many Californians view the arrival of the Dust Bowl refugees of the mid-1930s? b.What did the large number of Okies that arrived in California during the Great Depression cause? 11. Why were movies & radio shows popular during the Great Depression? 12. Name 4 facts regarding The War of the Worlds. 13. What groups in California did the novel, The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck, arouse some fierce opposition from? 14. “Which Side Are You On?”, a song written by Florence Reece, became very popular with what group of people? 15. What was President Hoover’s early approach to ease the suffering of the unemployed during the Great Depression? 16. Early in the Depression, the Hoover administration established the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) to loan money to… 17. What did the RFC mark as a “first time” for the federal government? 18. As criticism of him grew during the Great Depression, what was President Hoover sometimes referred to as ? 19. List 5 effects of the Great Depression 20. What was the goal of the “Bonus Army” as they marched on Washington D.C. in 1932?

UNIT 8 - NOTES-STUDY GUIDE (cont.) 21. Although President Hoover did more to expand the economic role of the government than any previous president, why was his public image severely damaged during his 1932 re-election campaign? 22. Identify 3 quotes that can be attributed to FDR during the Great Depression? 23. What was President Roosevelt using his First Inaugural Address for (in 1932) when he said… “let me assert my form belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself…This nation asks for action, and action now!”? 24. What did Pres. Roosevelt do, with the help of his Brain Trust, during his first Hundred Days ? 25. What is the point-message of the political cartoon in which FDR is shown as a doctor handing out medicines? 26 a. Why did Presidential power expand during the Great Depression? b. What is it typical to see during times of crisis such as WWI & the Great Depression? 27. How did President Roosevelt increase the power of the presidency? 28. What did President Roosevelt do to try to restore public confidence in the banking system when he took office? 29. What was the purpose of FDR’s “fireside chats”?

30. The Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) was created in response to the Great Crash of 1929. What was the SEC created to do? 31. How did the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), created under the Glass-Steagall Act, protect depositors? 32. What was FDR’s belief regarding the “role of government” as he passed New Deal legislation, such as the WPA, AAA & TVA ? 33. What was the main objective of FDR’s 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) ? 34. What did the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) mark the beginning of? 35. What was the goal of the NRA (the National Recovery Admin.), created under the 1933 National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) ? 36. What did the Supreme Court declare regarding the National Recovery Administration (NRA), with its symbol of the blue eagle & slogan “We do our part”? 37. What was the main purpose of FDR’s New Deal programs such as the CCC, PWA, CWA & TVA? 38. What did the CCC – the Civilian Conservation Corps, the most highly praised New Deal work relief program, do? 39. What was the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) most successful in ? 40. Why did many business groups oppose the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)?

UNIT 8 - NOTES-STUDY GUIDE (cont.) 41. In addition to being criticized for abandoning a balanced budget during the New Deal, what else was President Roosevelt criticized for? 42. Why were business owners critical of FDR’s New Deal programs? 43. The American Liberty League was created in 1934 by business leaders and anti-New Deal politicians. What was its purpose ? 44. What did right-wing critics say about FDR’s New Deal programs such as the CCC, Social Security Act, and WPA? 45. What were Senator Huey Long, Father Charles Coughlin, Dr. Francis Townsend & Upton Sinclair ALL known for? 46. The WPA (Works Progress Administration), part of FDR’s Second New Deal, spent $11 billion constructing roads, public bldgs, parks, bridges & airports. Why was Federal Number One, a program under the WPA, so controversial? 47. In Schechter v. United States, the 1935 “sick chicken case”, what did the Supreme Court rule regarding the NIRA (the National Industrial Recovery Act)? 48. Why was the 1935 National Labor Relations Act, also known as the Wagner Act, so important? 49. Name 5 facts regarding the CIO, the Committee for Industrial Organization.

50. What was a lasting effect of the Great Depression on American workers that was due in large part to the 1935 National Labor Relations Act (aka… the Wagner Act)? 51. What was Social Security, one of the major New Deal programs, designed to do? 52. Name 2 groups that made some modest gains during the 1930’s as a result of New Deal policies & the influence of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. 53. What was the name given to African Americans who were appointed to positions in FDR’s New Deal administration? 54. What did President Roosevelt do when the Supreme Court declared the AAA unconstitutional in Jan. 1936 and it also seemed likely that the Court would strike down several other major New Deal programs? 55. By the Spring of 1938, what did FDR hope to accomplish when he again applied Keynesian economics ? 56. Who was Marian Anderson? What did she do in April 1939 that was so special? 57. List 4 important facts regarding the 1930’s? 58. What usually happens to executive (presidential) power during periods of crisis such as WWI & the Great Depression? 59. Identify 4 long-range effects of the Great Depression. 60. What was probably the biggest change regarding the “public’s expectation of government” as a result of New Deal measures?