Chemistry Unit 7 Study Guide
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Transcript of Chemistry Unit 7 Study Guide
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You may use this study guide to review for your test; practice your new skills or review old concepts.Each topic has several questions relating to it, this should help with giving you plenty of practice.
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Gram Formula
Mass
A B C
Gram to Mole
A B C
Balance Equations
A B C
Molarity
ABC
pH
A B C
Redox
A B C
Redox 2
A B C
Solubility
A B C
Vocabulary
A B C
Acids/Bases
A B C
Factors Affecting Solubility
A B C
Titration
A B C
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What is the gram formula mass for CaSO4?
136 g/mole
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What is the gram formula mass for Al(OH)3?
78 g/mole
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What is the gram formula mass for Cu(NO3)2?
188 g/mole
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How many moles are there in 55 g of H2O?
55 g H2O / 18 g/mole = 3.1 mole
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How many grams does 3.1 moles of H2SO4 contain?
3.1 mole x 98 g/mole = 303.8 g
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How many moles are contained in 2.65 g of O2?
2.65 g / 32 g/mole = 0.083 mole
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Balance the following equation:H2SO4 + NaBr → Na2SO4 + HBr
1:2:1:2
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Balance the following equation:Na + Cl2→ NaCl
2:1:2
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Balance the following equation:Cu + HBr → CuBr2 + H2
1:2:1:1
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What is the concentration of a solution containing 0.5 mole of NaCl in 2.4 L
of water?
0.21 M
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What is the formula for Molarity?
M = moles of solute/ L of solution
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What is the concentration of a 0.25 L solution with 44.5 grams of MgSO4?
44.5 grams/120g/mole= 0.37moles;0.37 moles/0.25L = 1.5 M
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How do we determine the pH of a solution?
You take the –log of the hydrogen ion concentration (molarity).
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What is the relationship between pH and pOH?
They are opposites; pH measures H ion concentration and pOH measures OH ion concentration, they add up to 14.
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If you have a M of 4.5 x 10-5 what is your pH?
pH = 4.3
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If an element is being reduced what is happening to it’s charge and to the electrons?
Reduced elements are gaining electrons and therefore their charge is becoming more negative.
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If an element is being oxidized what is happening to the electrons and the charge?
Oxidized elements are losing electrons and therefore their charge is becoming more positive.
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What is the relationship between an element being reduced and a
reducing agent?
They are opposites, if an element is being reduced it is gaining electrons and a reducing agent is losing electrons (it is the oxidized element)
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Given the following reaction identify the element that has been reduced.
CaI2 + Cl2→ CaCl2 + I2
Cl was the reduced element because it gained 1 electron.
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Using the following reaction identify which element was oxidized and what the reducing
and oxidizing agents are.2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2
O went from -2 to 0 so it lost 2 electrons and was oxidized. That makes it the reducing agent and the Cl the oxidizing agent.
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From the following reaction identify the oxidation numbers (charges) for all of the elements.
2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
2Na = 0; Cl2 = 0; NaCl= Na= +1, Cl= -1
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What is the Ksp for the following reaction?2HBr→ H2 + Br2
Ksp= [H2][Br2]/[HBr]2
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If a reaction has a Ksp of less than 1 what can we say about this solution?
The solid is relatively insoluble and the reaction will proceed to the left.
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Complete the following generalization:The higher the Ksp of a solution the _____soluble
the solute is.
more
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What does an oxidizing agent do?
An oxidizing agent pulls the electrons from a different element from within a chemical reaction.
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Explain the difference between a solute and a solvent.
The solute is the substance that you are dissolving and the solvent is what you are dissolving in and usually is the higher quantity.
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What is an oxidation number?
It is the charge that an ion has.
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What ions do acids and bases typically produce and do they always have to
produce those ions?Acids produce H ions and bases produce OH ions however you can also classify acids and bases by proton donor or acceptor. An acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor.
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What result should we get from an acid on the litmus test?
An acid should turn blue litmus red.
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If we have the same molarity of HCl and H2SO4 which acid will titrate a base to the
endpoint faster and why?
H2SO4 because it donates 2 H+ for every molecule.
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What are two factors that affect solubility of a solute in a solvent?
Ionic character of the solute, Concentration, Electrical nature
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Explain how concentration affects a solute’s solubility?
The more ions you have in a solution the more solvent is being used to dissolve the solute until you reach saturation.
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How does the electrical nature affect solubility?
A polar compound is likely to conduct an electrical charge while a nonpolar compound is not. And because of our “like dissolved like” rule you must have a conductor dissolved in a conductor or vice versa.
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What is titration?
The process of neutralizing an acid or base by using a solution with known concentration until an endpoint is reached. Usually indicated by an acid/base indicator.
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If we are neutralizing NaOH by using HBr what is the ratio of the ions to each
other?
1:1; for every one OH there is one H produced by HBr.
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If we are neutralizing Al(OH)3 what will the ratio of HBr be and why?
1:3 because the base is producing 3 OH and our acid is only producing 1 H so we will need 3 times as much.