UNIT 7Chapter 23 – The French Revolution & Napoleon

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

Napoleon Bonaparte crossing the Great Saint Bernard pass in 1801. Painting, Jacques Louis David.

CHAPTER 23The French Revolution and Napoleon,1789–1815

The French Revolution establishes a new political order, Napoleon Bonaparte gains and loses an empire, and European states forge a balance of power.

SECTION 1

SECTION 2SECTION 3SECTION 4

The French Revolution Begins Revolution Brings Reform and Terror Napoleon Forges an Empire

Napoleon’s Empire Collapses SECTION 5 The Congress of Vienna

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the French

Revolution, the rise and fall of Napoleon, and the Congress of Vienna.

Objective 7.1: Summarize the factors that led to the French Revolution

IMPORTANT LEADERS

Louis XVI: King of France (1774 – 1792)Marie Antoinette: Queen of France, wife to Louis XVI

Maximillian Robespierre: Influential leader of the Revolution, Jacobins, & the Reign of Terror

Jean-Paul Marat: newspaper writer who supported radical revolution in France

Georges Danton: early leader of the revolutionary Girondist group that wanted to end the power of the King Girondists were a small group of the Legislative Assembly that wanted

to get rid of Louis XVI, also led the war against Austria

Napoleon: became dictator of France after the Revolution

CHAPTER 23 SECTION 1

The French Revolution Begins

Economic and social inequalities in theOld Regime help cause the French Revolution.

THE OLD REGIME The Old Regime

Old Regime — political (estate) system in France before the 1780s

Estates — three social classes of France’s Old Regime

The Privileged EstatesFirst Estate — Catholic clergy — own 10 percent land,

pay few taxes; provides aid/education to the poorSecond Estate — rich nobles — 2 percent population,

own 20 percent land; hate the Enlightenment

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THE THIRD ESTATE The Third Estate

(commoners) - 97 percent of people – are further separated into three groups Have few privileges, pay

heavy taxes, want change

Who is 3rd Estate? #1 Bourgeoisie

(Middle Class), owners, merchants, bankers

#2 urban workers #3 peasants, 80% of pop.

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WHAT DOES THIS REPRESENT?

MONEY TROUBLES Economic Troubles

High taxes and rising costs damage economy by 1780s

The Seven Years War and aid to the American Revolution had also increased debt

King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette known for extravagance

French King Louis XVI & wife Marie Antoinette double nation’s debt; banks refuse to lend more money in 1786

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MADAME DEFICIT

THE MOOD IN 1780’S FRANCE

The Third Estate is burdened with heavy taxes while the nobility pay none

Crop failures have made the price of bread double; many face starvation

Enlightenment ideas have spread about having the power to change unfit government

The King has mismanaged govt. money, wants to increase taxes while he throws lavish parties

ESTATES-GENERALLouis’s solution was to tax the

nobility• The 2nd Estate forces a meeting

Louis calls Estates-General: representatives from all three estates meet in May 1789 to discuss new taxes

• This is the first Estates-General in 175 years

• Under the rules, each estate gets one vote

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REVOLUTION BEGINS The National Assembly

Third Estate has little power under old rules; they insist all estates meet together and each delegate gets a vote; King rejects it

Third Estate sets up National Assembly — new legislature to make reforms; June 1789

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Tennis Court Oath — Third Estate decides to write new constitution for France after being locked out of Estates-General

THE BASTILLE Rumors fly in Paris that

Louis wants to suppress National Assembly

Mob attacks and seizes Bastille prison, starts revolution; July 1789

The attack on the prison is the beginning of the Revolution

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A GREAT FEAR Rumors and panic spread throughout France Great Fear — attacks by peasants taking place across

France Peasants destroy legal papers binding them to land

In October 1789, Parisian women revolt over rising price of bread• They demand action,

forcing Louis to return from Versailles to Paris

French Revolution in Short:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEZqarUnVpo

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

What caused the French Revolution?An unbalanced tax system An unresponsive kingSpread of Enlightenment ideas

Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment

Which of these choices best describes the Bourgeoisie?

(A) Powerful clergy of the 1st Estate(B) Wealthy nobles of the 2nd Estate(C) Impoverished peasants of the 3rd Estate(D) Wealthy middle class of the 3rd Estate

Which of these is Marie Antoinette known for? (A) Extravagant and wasteful wife of Louis XVI(B) Influential leader of the storming of the Bastille(C) Wife of Louis XVI who led France after his death(D) Visionary who led the Tennis Court Oath

Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment

Which of these choices best describes the Bourgeoisie?

(A) Powerful clergy of the 1st Estate(B) Wealthy nobles of the 2nd Estate(C) Impoverished peasants of the 3rd Estate(D) Wealthy middle class of the 3rd Estate

Which of these is Marie Antoinette known for? (A) Extravagant and wasteful wife of Louis XVI(B) Influential leader of the storming of the Bastille(C) Wife of Louis XVI who led France after his death(D) Visionary who led the Tennis Court Oath