Chapter 23

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND

NAPOLEON

Section 1THE FRENCH

REVOLUTION BEGINS

Old Regime

Estates

Third Estate

Tax System

King Louis XVI

Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes

Tennis Court Oath

Bastile Day

Louis XVI

Causes of the French Revolution

The social and political system in use in France in the 1770s Has been in place since the Middle Ages

OLD REGIME

First and Second Make up only 2 percent of the population

ESTATES

Third Make up 98 percent of the population

Bourgeoisie Group that most strongly embraced the ideals and principles of the

enlightenment

THIRD ESTATE

WHY DID PEOPLE OF THE THIRD ESTATE REVOLT?

Third Estate Paid almost all of the taxes

TAX SYSTEM

KING LOUIS XVI

Spokesman for the Third Estate (Not a member) Recommended that it’s delegates should name themselves the

National Assembly Suggested that they pass laws and make reforms in the name of the

French people

EMMANUEL-JOSEPH SIEYES

A pledge by the Third Estate to continue meeting (after they were forced to find a new meeting place) until they had drawn up a new constitution.

TENNIS COURT OATH

July 14, 1789 A mob stormed the prison looking for gunpowder

BASTILE DAY

Called up mercenary troops Caused the widespread emotional reaction called the Great Fear

LOUIS XVI

WHAT EVENTS SIGNIFIED THE END OF THE ABSOLUTE MONARCHY AND THE BEGINNING OF REPRESENTATIVE

GOVERNMENT

Section 2REVOLUTION BRINGS

REFORM TERROR

Declaration of the rights of man

Olympe de Gouges

National Assembly

Legislative Assembly

Factions

Émigrés

San-culottes

Jean-Paul Marat

Guillotine

Maximilien Robespierre

Committee of Public Safety

Robespierre

National Convention

DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN

Stated that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”

Wrote a strong response to “A Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen” Did not give the same rights to women that it gave to men

OLYMPE DE GOUGES

Lost support of many French peasants Took away the Catholic Church’s lands and independence

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

Name of the government body that replaced the National Assembly

LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

Right wing Describes the most conservative members of the Legislative

AssemblyLeft wing

Describes the most radical members of the Legislative Assembly

FACTIONS

Refers to the nobles who fled France but still hoped to restore the monarchy

Émigrés

Radical group Named for the style of breeches its members wore

SAN-CULOTTES

Radical revolutionary Fatally stabbed by another revolutionary

JEAN-PAUL MARAT

Invented to further humane goals Often used in contradiction to such goals

Who was safe during the Reign of Terror? No one

GUILLOTINE

Claimed it was possible to build a “republic of virtue” Came to be known as the Reign of Terror

MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE

Imposed the Reign of Terror

COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY

Forced from power by fellow revolutionaries

ROBESPIERRE

Put an end to the Reign of Terror Out of fear for their own safety

NATIONAL CONVENTION

WHY DO YOU THINK THE REIGN OF TERROR OCCURRED AND WENT ON AS LONG AS IT DID?

WHAT MIGHT HAVE CAUSED THE FRENCH PEOPLE TO EMBRACE NAPOLEON AS EMPEROR SO SOON AFTER FIGHTING A REVOLUTION THAT RID THEM OF A KING?

Section 4Napoleon’s empire

collapses

Continental System

Defeats

Elba

100 Days

Napoleon’s attempt to make Europe more self-sufficient Britain’s reaction

Organized it’s own blockade

CONTINENTAL SYSTEM

Describe Napoleon’s invasion of Russia in 1812. Why was it so unwise

What events led to Napoleon’s downfall?

Napoleon Defeated by King Frederick William III of Prussia and Czar

Alexander I of Russia Exiled to Elba

DEFEATS

Napoleon escapes Gathers volunteers and seizes power from King Louis XVIII

ELBA

Napoleons last bid for power Ended with his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo

100 DAYS

What aspect of Napoleon’s character or personality do you think was most responsible for the collapse of his empire? Explain?

Section 5THE CONGRESS OF

VIENNA

Congress of Vienna

Prince Klemens von Metternich

Congress of Vienna

Holy Alliance

Congress of Vienna

Main goal of participants Establish security and stability for the nations of Europe

CONGRESS OF VIENNA

Foreign minister of AustriaMost influential leader at the Congress of Vienna

PRINCE KLEMENS VON METTERNICH

Accomplishments Reinstating the royal families dethroned by Napoleon Creating a balance of power among European nations Surrounding France with strong neighboring countries

CONGRESS OF VIENNA

RussiaAustriaPrussia

HOLY ALLIANCE

Helped generate independence movements in South America

CONGRESS OF VIENNA

Accomplishments Detriments

WHAT DID THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA ACCOMPLISH THAT HAD A REAL AND LASTING VALUE FOR THE WELFARE OF EUROPE, AND WHICH OF ITS ACCOMPLISHMENTS WERE HARMFUL TO EUROPE'S FUTURE?