Unit 6 Vocabulary
description
Transcript of Unit 6 Vocabulary
Unit 6 Vocabulary1. genetics- the scientific study of
heredity2. Gregor Mendel- monk and scientist who discovered the basic principles of genetics through pea experiments; the father of genetics
Unit 6 Vocabulary3. principle of dominance- some alleles are
dominant and others are recessive
4. principle of segregation- during gamete formation, alleles separate (segregate) away from each other so that each gamete only receives a single copy of each gene
5. principle of independent assortment- genes for different traits can separate without effect on each other during the formation of gametes
Unit 6 Vocabulary6. chromosome- a single strand of tightly coiled DNA
7. gene- the factors that are passed from parent to offspring
Unit 6 Vocabulary8. trait- a specific characteristic, such as height, of an individual
9. allele- one of a number of different forms of a gene
Unit 6 Vocabulary10. dominant- an allele that is expressed and masks recessive alleles
11. recessive- an allele that is only expressed when no dominant alleles are present
Unit 6 Vocabulary12. genotype- genetic makeup
13. phenotype- physical traits
Unit 6 Vocabulary14. polygenic trait- a trait controlled by two or more genes; Ex: eye color
Unit 6 Vocabulary
15. self-pollination- when sperm fertilize eggs within the same flower
16. cross-pollination- when sperm from one flower fertilize the eggs of another
Unit 6 Vocabulary
17. P- parental generation
18. F1- the offspring from the P generation; first filial generation
19. F2- the offspring from the F1 generation; second filial generation
Example:
Unit 6 Vocabulary20. true-breeding/pure breeding- offspring produced always have the same phenotype as the parents
Purebred: Not Purebred:
Unit 6 Vocabulary22. sex chromosomes- chromosomes involved in sex determination; X or Y
Autosomes: Sex Chromosomes:
21. autosome- a body chromosome; any chromosome not involved in sex determination
Unit 6 Vocabulary23. homozygous- organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular gene;
Ex- TT or tt
23a. homozygous dominant- when the two identical alleles for a particular gene are both dominant; Ex- TT
23b. homozygous recessive- when the two identical alleles for a particular gene are both recessive; Ex- tt
24. Heterozygous- when the two alleles for a particular gene are different; Ex- Tt
PP
Pppp
Unit 6 Vocabulary25. fertilization- the joining of
male and female gametes26. gamete- a haploid reproductive cell; egg or sperm
Unit 6 Vocabulary
27. XX- female genotype
28. XY- male genotype
Unit 6 Vocabulary29. Punnett Square- a simple diagram that is used to predict the genotype and
phenotype combinations in a genetic cross
30. monohybrid cross- the cross between parents with different alleles for a single gene
Unit 6 Vocabulary31. co-dominance- the
phenotypes produced by both alleles are clearly expressed; no ‘blending’
32. incomplete dominance- when one allele is not completely dominant over another; phenotypes appear to ‘blend’
Unit 6 Vocabulary33. probability- the likelihood that a
particular event will occur; Ex- the probability of tails when flipping a coin
34. hybrid- the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Unit 6 Vocabulary
35. dihybrid cross- a cross between individuals with different alleles for two genes
Unit 6 Vocabulary36. multiple alleles- a gene with more than two alleles
Unit 6 Vocabulary37. agglutination- the act of clumping together38. type A blood genotypes- IAIA, IAi39. type B blood genotypes- IBIB, Ibi40. type AB blood genotype- IAIB
41. type O blood genotype- ii
Unit 6 Vocabulary42. pedigree- a diagram showing the lineage of a family for a particular
characteristic
43. carrier- an organism that has a recessive gene that is defective
Unit 6 Vocabulary44. linked genes- genes that are located close together on the same chromosome and often inherited together
45. sex-linked trait- trait whose genes are located on a sex chromosome
46. colorblindness- a sex-linked inherited condition where there is an inability to distinguish some colors
Unit 6 Vocabulary47. mutation- a change in gene
Example: Mutation due to UV Light