Unit 5

Which kind of rooms do like best to live in, a big one, or a small one?

2. What would do you do when you want to be alone and do something without being noticed or interrupted?

3. If you are an architect, what kind of houses would you like to design?

We shape our buildings and they shape us.

Winston Churchill

to influence and fix the course or form of

according to Donald Keene, author of “living Japan”, there is no Japanese word for privacy. Yet one cannot say that concept of privacy does not exist among the Japanese but only that it is very different from the Western conception.

« 现代日本 »

1. 童年的生活经历影响形成一个人的性格。

Childhood experiences shape a person’s character.

2. 光荣的革命传统影响了我们这一代的思想 .

Glorious revolutionary tradition has shaped the thought of our generation.

When we travel abroad we are immediately impressed by the many ways buildings, homes, and cities are designed. The division and organization of space lend character and uniqueness to villages, towns, and cites. Yet, architectural differences may also cause confusion or discomfort for the traveler. In the following example, a group of Americans living in a country in South America reacted emotionally to the architectural differences they observed.

Press ; express住宅

with feelings which are strong or easily made active

Similarly, there is no word in the Russian language that means exactly the same as the English word ‘privacy.’

定语从句

people in the United States tend to achieve privacy by physically separating themselves from others. The expression “good fences make good neighbors” indicates a preference for privacy from neighbors’ homes. If a family can afford it, each child has his or her own bedroom. When privacy is needed, family members may lock their bedroom doors.

好邻里得有好篱笆

good fences make good neighbors

If you want to be good neighbors, there must be a boundary between you and your neighbors, that is to say, your must respect other’s privacy.

impress: to influence deeply,esp. with a feeling of admiration 留下印象；使铭记

1. 你在这次考试上的表现给老师们留下了深刻的印象。

The teachers were very impressed by your performance in the exam.

2. 她被音乐的美感深深地打动了。 She is deeply impressed by(with) the beauty of

the music.

他的话深深铭记在我的记忆中。 His words are strongly impressed on

my memory. 我使他知晓他的工作的重要性。 I impressed on him the importance

of his work.

lend to: to give as an additional quality 添加，增色 1 黑色的树给这场景增添了一种神秘

的气氛。 The dark trees lent an air of mystery to

the scene. 许多彩旗给这条街增色不少。 The many colorful flags lent much colo

r to the streets.

react to: to act in response 对 ... 反应

1. 眼睛对光有反应。 The eye reacts to light. 2. 你母亲对这一消息有何反应？她的

反应是哭了。 How did your mother react to this news?

She reacted by bursting into tears.

The Latin house is often built around a patio that is next to the sidewalk but hidden from outsiders behind a wall. It is not easy to describe the degree to which small architectural differences such as this affect outsiders. American…technicians living in Latin America used to complaincomplain that they felt “left out” of things, that they were “shut off.” Others kept wondering what was going on “behind those walls.”

Complain (to sb)(about/of sth)她对我抱怨住房条件太差。She complained to me of the very poor housing condition./(She complained to me that the housing condition was very poor.)我们没什么可抱怨的。We have nothing to complain of/about.

拒之门外 : to keep away (from)想知道wander 徘徊

leave out: to pay no attention to (someone),(usu. pass.)

1 他将再也不呆在这儿了，因为他总是感到被冷落。

He won’t stay here any longer because he always feels left out.

2 没有人和他说话；他总是被冷落。 Nobody speaks to him; he’s always left o

ut.

the separation of space inside homes may also vary from culture to culture. In most American homes the layout of rooms reveals the separateness and labeling of space according to function---bedroom, living room, dining room, playroom, and on on. This system is in sharp contrast to other cultures where one room in a house may serve several functions.

显露，显示出

Vary : to change; differ

Your report varies from mine. 中国的教育系统与英国的不同。 The educational system in China varies fr

om that in England. 新鲜蔬菜的价格随着季节的不同而变

化。 Prices of fresh vegetables vary with differ

ent seasons.

在受过教育的人与文盲之间有着明显的对比。

There is a sharp contrast between the educated and the uneducated.

任何人都能看出白与黑之间明显对照。

Any one can see the striking contrast between white and black.

in contrast to/with= as compared with 和对比，与对照

和我们的房子相比，这间新房子是一座宫殿。

In contrast to our house, the new one is a palace.

与纽约的摩天大楼相比， 南京最高的建筑物是那么的低。

In contrast to skyscrapers in New York, the tallest building in Nanjing is so low.

Prior to: coming earlier in time, order, or importance 在 ... 之前 1. 这件事件在淮海战役之前。 The event was prior to the battle of

Huaihai. 2. 在我到达之前他离开了这镇子。 Prior to my arrival he left the town.

In Japan, homes with sliding walls can change a large room into two small rooms so that a living room can also serve as a bedroom.

因此

When a home or a city’s design is influenced by another culture, the “native” architecture can be lost or disguised. For example, a French architect was asked to design Chandigarh, the capital city in Punjab, India. He decided to plan the city with centralized shopping centers which required public transportation and movement away from the village centers.

have an effect on影响 hide

隐藏，掩盖

省会，首府

Eventually the Indians stopped meeting each other socially in their small neighborhoods. Apparently, the introduction of a non-Indian style of architecture affected some of the cultural and social patterns of those living in the city.

邻近地区，附近地方引进

Architectural design influences how privacy is achieved as well as how social contact is made in public places. The concept of privacy is not unique to a particular culture but what it means is culturally determined. For example,

Architectural design influences how privacy is achieved as well as how social contact is made in public places. The concept of privacy is not unique to a particular culture but what it means is culturally determined. For example,

In addition to (being) 除 ... 之外，也

无双的，唯一的

虽然隐私的概念并非某一特定文化所独有，

然而其内涵却决定于各自的文化

be unique to … 独属于 ...

这一技术并不为你所独有，因为他已知道怎么做了。

This kind of skill is not unique to you, because he has known how to make it.

这种天气条件不是加州所独有。 This is not a weather condition unique t

o California.

Young American children learn the rule “knock before you enter” which teaches them to respect others’ privacy. Parents, too, often follow this rule prior to entering their children’s rooms. When a bedroom door is closed it may be a sign to others saying, “I need privacy,” “I’m angry,” or “Do not disturb…I’m busy.” for Americans, the physical division of space and use of architectural features permit a sense of privacy.

遵循 sign: 记号，符号；告示，迹象；征兆，手势 signal:信号，暗号；导火索；（电台）讯号

make it possible

The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced. Dr.Hall summarizes the relationship between individuals and their physical surroundings:

man and his extension constitute one interrelated system. It is a mistake… to act as though man were one thing and his house or his cities,… or his language… were something else.

as if

make up 组成

1.use of space determines 2. Culture and use of space 3.privacy and use of space 1)the concept of privacy varies 2)ways of achieving privacy 4.conclusion 1)cultures affect 2)and these physical surroundings shape

peoples’ cultures; they are an interrelated system.

When the American wants to be alone he goes into a room and shuts the door---he depends on architectural features for screening. The English, on the other hand, lacking rooms of their own since childhood, never developed the practice of using space as a refuge from others.

习惯，常例

缺少

In some cultures when individuals desire privacy, it is acceptable for them simply to withdraw into themselves. That is, they do not need to remove themselves physically from a group in order to achieve privacy.

to not take part in an activity withdrawn: habitually quiet and often seeming more concerned with one’s own thoughts than with other people

Young American children learn the rule “knock before you enter” which teaches them to respect others’ privacy. Parents, too, often follow this rule prior to entering their children’s rooms. When a bedroom door is closed it may be a sign to others saying, “I need privacy,” “I’m angry,” or “Do not disturb…I’m busy.” for Americans, the physical division of space and use of architectural features permit a sense of privacy.

遵循 sign: 记号，符号；告示，迹象；征兆，手势 signal:信号，暗号；导火索；（电台）讯号

make it possible

Similarly, there is no word in the Russian language that means exactly the same as the English word ‘privacy.’

定语从句

people in the United States tend to achieve privacy by physically separating themselves from others. The expression “good fences make good neighbors” indicates a preference for privacy from neighbors’ homes. If a family can afford it, each child has his or her own bedroom. When privacy is needed, family members may lock their bedroom doors.

好邻里得有好篱笆

good fences make good neighbors

If you want to be good neighbors, there must be a boundary between you and your neighbors, that is to say, your must respect other’s privacy.