Unit 5 :Injury in SportBTEC Level 2 Diploma in Sport

Kevin Browne

Quick Recap

• 1s, pair, share • What is the difference between an intrinsic

injury and extrinsic injury • What is an acute injury?• Give an example • What is a chronic injury?• Give an example

Learning outcome

• Describe four different types of injuries associated with sports participation (links to P1

• Recognise their underlying causes (links to P1)• Establish if they are

extrinsic/intrinsic/acute/chronic

Types of injuries

• What types of injuries can occur in sport?• Individually write a list thinking of many as you

can. • Here are some examples • Bruise, graze, blister, sprains, strains,

fracture(break), dislocation, spinal injuries, concussion, tendonitis

Bruising• A bruise (contusion) refers to bleeding underneath the skin and is a common

soft tissue injury. The tissue and capillaries are damaged losing fluids and blood.

• Causes • A bruise is usually caused by a direct blow to a part of the body, such as a

knock to the side of the leg during a tackle in football.• Symptoms • Pain• Swelling• Discolouration• Tenderness over the site of the injury• Treatment• Elevate the area • Apply ice.

Graze • A graze is superficial damage to the skin where is appears to be rubbed off

with surface contact. • Causes• Grazes are common in sports such as cycling and hockey because of the rough

surface of roads and synthetic pitch when athletes may have fallen over had made contact with the surface.

• Symptoms • Pain • Inflammation around the graze• The wound may also weep• Possible bleeding• Treatment• Clean with water • Cover with a sterile dressing.

Sprains • Sprain• A sprain refers to a damaged ligament. Ligaments are a form of connective

tissue that joins bone to bone. They restrict the amount of movement that can occur at a joint helping it to stay stable.

• Causes• Strains occur when ligaments are stretched or torn. They are common in

sports that involve jumping, landing and twisting movements for example triple jump or netball.

• Symptoms• Pain • Some swelling • Bruising around the area.• Treatment : P = Protection , R = Rest, I = Ice, C = Compression, E = Elevation

Strain • A strain is a pull or tear of a muscle due to over stretching. A strain may

also be known as a pulled muscle.• Causes• Excessive stretching • Overload during training or competition.• Symptoms• Sudden pain • Difficulty in moving the area• Followed by bruising and swelling.• Treatment• Rest• Ice • Gentle massage can minimise the pain.

Fractures (Broken Bone)• Fracture means a break in a bone. Fractures can either be closed or open. Closed

fractures do not break through the surface of the skin. Open or compound fractures are complicated fractures as the bone ends break through the skin which exposes the bone to dirt and infections.

• Causes• A cause of a fracture is from a direct force applied to the bone, e.g. a bad tackle in

football, or a lifted stick in hockey. Closed fractures are the most common occurring in sport.

• Symptoms• Pain • Difficulty moving the area• Swelling and bruising if the surrounding soft tissues are also injured• Open fractures may have bleeding.• Treatment• Fractures require medical attention.

Dislocation • A dislocation occurs when bones move out of position at a joint. This

also causes tearing to the associated ligaments, muscles and tendons. The most common sites of dislocation are the shoulder, elbow fingers and knee.

• Causes• The causes of dislocation are direct blows or extreme movements

beyond the normal range of a joint. They are common in sports which involve heavy or bad falls, e.g. downhill skiing, taekwondo, wrestling or accidental contact with equipment, e.g. catching fingers with ball in cricket.

• Symptoms: Pain, Swelling, Numbness and sometimes visible deformity.• Treatment• Medical attention.

Tendonitis • Tendonitis refers to inflammation of a tendon. • Causes• Tendonitis is mostly caused by chronic overuse during activities that

produce high twisting forces such as tennis and golf. • Symptoms• Pain• Weakness • Crepitus (a crunching or grating feeling in the affected tendon during

and after activity).• Treatment• Rest• In more severe or prolonged cases, injections can help reduce

inflammation and pain.

Recap of lesson

• Think of 3 things that you have learnt today• Think of 3 things that you will need to work

harder on in what we have learnt today • What will you do differently for next lesson