Unit 4Review1800-1848

Key Concept 4.1

• The United States began to develop a modern democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while Americans sought to define the nation’s democratic ideals and change their society and institutions to match them.

Key Concept 4.2

• Innovations in technology, agriculture, and commerce powerfully accelerated the American economy, precipitating profound changes to U.S. society and to national and regional identities.

Key Concept 4.3

• The U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade and expanding its national borders shaped the nation’s foreign policy and spurred government and private initiatives.

• The U.S. defined itself as a nation during this period

• Rapid demographic, economic and territorial growth

• Development of mass democracy• Birth of a new national culture• Creation of a market economy• Advancements in industry and transportation• Development of new reform movements

• Conflict with Native Americans• Nativism and Anti-foreignism• Native Americans, African Americans and

women were not included in the new democracy

Jefferson

• “The Revolution of 1800”• Louisiana Purchase– Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806)• Increased geographic and scientific knowledge of the

region; better claim to Oregon territory

• Barbary Pirates• Embargo Act (1807)

The War of 1812

• Non-intercourse Act (1809) and Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)

• War Hawks– Democratic-Republicans in Congress– Many from the frontier states– Wanted war with Britain- defend American honor;

gain Canada; remove Indian threat on frontier• Hartford Convention• The Treaty of Ghent

The Era of Good Feelings

• Federalist Party collapsed• James Monroe President• 1816 to about 1819• Issues such as tariff and sectionalism still

existed

The Rise of the Common Man• By the 1820s• Shift to universal manhood suffrage• Many states eliminated property requirements for voting• States began to allow voters to choose representatives

to the Electoral College as opposed to state legislatures• Political campaigns evolved in response to the growing

political power of the common man– 1832- national conventions and party platforms were used for

the first time– Campaigns designed to appeal to the average man

• 1840 “Tippecanoe and Tyler too”

Reform

• Influenced by Second Great Awakening• Belief that humans could achieve

perfectionism• Reformers looked to influence politics at the

local, state and national level

• Temperance– Maine prohibited sale of alcohol in 1851– Other states passed similar laws

• Abolition• Prisons• Asylums

Utopian Societies

• Some people sought to remove themselves from society and establish communal societies (both religious and non-religious) that would be more perfect

• Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons)– Founded by Joseph Smith and later led by Brigham

Young

Transcendentalists

• Influenced by European Romanticism• Emphasis on connection between man and

nature• Ralph Waldo Emerson• Henry David Thoreau- “On Civil

Disobedience”- advocated passive resistance as a form of protest