UNIT 3Era of Growth and Disunion

1825 - 1877

Economic Growth & Impact

Westward Expansion

U.S. War with Mexico

U.S. Civil War Reconstruction

Chapter NineChapter Nine

Expanding Market and Moving West:New technologies create links to new markets. Economic opportunity and “manifest destiny” encourage Americans to head west. The U.S. gains territory in a war with Mexico. James K. Polk, 11th president

of the United States

INTRO WARMUPINTRO WARMUP:• Think about a time when you

moved to a new community, switched schools, or

experienced a major change.

•Did you feel this change gave you a opportunity for a fresh start?

Benefits of new products…..

…

Erie Canal

Railroads………

• Railroads were

Faste

r

More efficientAlthough they cost more, they were more reliable

Opened up new areas of the country to trade and travel

Section Two- MANIFEST DESTINY

Manifest Destiny

….used to express the belief that the United States’ destiny was to expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory

Manifest = obvious

popdensity.pdf

American Progress

““Manifest Destiny”Manifest Destiny”““Manifest Destiny”Manifest Destiny”

First coined by newspaper editor, First coined by newspaper editor, John O’SullivanJohn O’Sullivan in 1845. in 1845. First coined by newspaper editor, First coined by newspaper editor, John O’SullivanJohn O’Sullivan in 1845. in 1845.

".... the right of our ".... the right of our manifest destinymanifest destiny to over to over spread and to possess the whole of the spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."principle and destiny of growth."

".... the right of our ".... the right of our manifest destinymanifest destiny to over to over spread and to possess the whole of the spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."principle and destiny of growth." A myth of the West as a land of A myth of the West as a land of romanceromance and and adventureadventure

emerged. emerged.

A myth of the West as a land of A myth of the West as a land of romanceromance and and adventureadventure emerged. emerged.

TRAILS WESTWARD

Time for a video

• http://esc1.unitedstreaming.com/index.cfm?

• Pay close attention, jot down notes, short quiz at end of video

Gone West: The Growth of a Nation

Black Hawk War• Settlers moving west run

into Native Americans• Chief Black Hawk of

Sauk Tribe leads rebellion against U.S. in Illinois-Wisconsin

• Ends in 1832—militia kill 200 Natives

• Result: Natives move west of Mississippi

The Mormon Migration…..

• Time to read…..Pg. 284Mormons are a religious community started by Joseph Smith in 1827.

Migrated on the Oregon Trail

Settled in Illinois in 1839, practiced polygamy=more than one wife

Smith was murdered by anti-Mormon mob, Brigham Young leads Mormons next; moves to Salt Lake, UtahSmith

Young

“Fifty-Four Forty or Fight”

• Refers to the latitude line (54°40‘) marking the northern limit of the Oregon territory.

• Some people called for war w/Britain if they did not agree to that boundary

• 1846 – agreement reached to use 49 degree for the northern boundary of Oregon

Section 3Section 3TEXAS…………• http://esc1.unitedstreaming.com/index.cfm?

“Revolution in Texas” video intro clip

Mexico Gains FreedomCome to Texas! YEE HAW!

• 1821 Mexico wins independence from Spain

• Mexico owned all Spanish territories from Texas to California

• Mexico began to open trade with the United States – cattle

• Mexican encouraged American farmers to settle in the area – cheap land!

Texas Fights for Independence

• Cultural differences led to tensions– Mexico banned slavery – Texans resisted

• Mexico closed its borders to Americans• Banned American trade goods• Mexico could not protect the borders and more

Americans moved to Texas• Mexican President Santa Anna refused Texas’

request for independence• Tensions led to the Texas Revolution

Events of the Texas Revolution

• The Alamo – famous battle that caused the Texas to rally together to fight for independence

• 1836 Texas won the revolution and became the Lone Star Republic

• 1838 – Texas asks to be annexed into the United States

The Republic of TexasThe Republic of TexasThe Republic of TexasThe Republic of Texas

Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!

Mexican troops assaulting the Alamo

Texas to become a state……

• North feared the addition of Texas would

tip the balance in favor of slave states and start a war with Mexico…..

• South wanted to extend slavery

• 1845 Texas become a state

wartexindep.pdf

Texas Fights for Independence

• Turn to pg. 290-292

• Make an events chart on how Texas fights for independence from Mexico.

Section 4-Section 4-War with Mexico• President James K. Polk – urges war with

MexicoHoped to gain California and New Mexico

Issue - - - U. S. claims the Texas border at the Rio Grande --- Mexico claims border at Nueces River

The Mexican War The Mexican War (1846-1848)(1846-1848)

The Mexican War The Mexican War (1846-1848)(1846-1848)

War with Mexico (Pg. 294-297)1. How did the Mexican-American war begin?

Polk orders general Zachary Taylor to march to the Rio Grande and blockade the river and sends out exploration party in Mexico’s Alta California province. Mexican soldiers cross Rio Grande and kill 9 U.S. soldiers. U.S. declares war!

2. How did views of the war differ among the nation’s regions?

South saw it as a chance to extend slavery & increase power in Congress

North opposed war- was a plot to expand slavery3. How did the United States gain control of New Mexico and

California? US troops march to New Mexico…they WANT to join U.S.

(no shots fired!) CA: American settlers seize Sonoma; joined by US troops

and a naval force—quickly defeat Mexican forces

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1. Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande border for Texas

2. Mexico ceded New Mexico and California to the United States.

3. Mexico received $15 Million4. Mexicans living in the new U.S. territory

would be guaranteed rights.- 1853 Gadsden Purchase- est. current

U.S. boundaries in lower 48 states

The Mexican CessionThe Mexican CessionThe Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession

California Gold Rush• 1848-1849 Gold discovered

in California brings people from the all over the world.

• California become the most diverse area of the United States.

• Slavery was outlawed

• 1850 California becomes a state – bitter arguments between free and slave states.

GOLD!GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, At Sutter’s Mill, 18481848

GOLD!GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, At Sutter’s Mill, 18481848

John A. Sutter John A. Sutter

Territorial Growth to 1853Territorial Growth to 1853Territorial Growth to 1853Territorial Growth to 1853