Unit 1: Three Worlds Collide

Unit 5: Expansion, Disunion, & ReconstructionLearning Targets 1 - 401. I can define Manifest Destiny.John L. OSullivanEditor of United States Magazine and Democratic Reviewdescribed the annexation of Texas as:the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.Manifest Destinythe belief widely held by Americans in the 19th century that the United States was destined to expand across the continent!acquiring Mexico & Canada

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1. I can define Manifest Destiny.Imperialismthe policy of extending rule or control of one country over other countries or colonies, territory, resources, people, etc usually to control:natural resourcesmarketsnaval basesCompare/contrast Manifest Destiny w/ ImperialismAre U.S. attitudes and policies in the world today, imperialistic?Middle Eastrelations w/ China, Russia, etc31. I can define Manifest Destiny.4

John GastAmerican Progress2. I can identify reasons for westward expansion.

The easy purchase of LouisianaTo obtain land for farmingTo increase national securityTo eliminate European influence from North AmericaBritain in CanadaSpain/Mexico in MexicoBelief in ethnocentrismbelief that ones own culture is superior to othersas Christians, believe it is Gods will to spread across continent!Divine Providence5Quick Write

Answer in complete sentences with many details and examples (O.I.)

Define Manifest DestinyExplain at least two (2) reasons for westward expansionExplain how the idea of expansion might be present today in U.S. attitudes and policies around the world63. I can discuss the conflict that occurred due to westward expansion.Texas Revolution - 1836mass immigration (Moses/Stephen Austin)opposition to dictatorial rule of:General Antonio Lopez de Santa AnnaSam Houston and Texas Rebels fight for independenceThe AlamoGoliadBattle of San JacintoTreaty of Velasco

Oregon - 1845threat of war with Great Britain54/40 or fight!peaceful settlement of border dispute at 49th parallel

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3. I can discuss the conflict that occurred due to westward expansion.Mexican War - 1845-1848brought on by annexation of Texas to the United Statesexpansion of slavery in the U.S.distrust between U.S. and Mexicooffer to purchase Mexican land seen as affront to Mexican people/nationU.S. seen as imperialisticborder disputesettlement of claims

California - 1848hastily organized as Bear Flag Republic in midst of Mexican Warbecame part of U.S. in Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgoas well as approx. half of Mexicoleads to Gadsden Purchase in 1853

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4. I can explain the primary motive behind the Texas Revolution.Texas Revolution 1836Southerners immigrate into Mexico (Texas)land, escape US tariff policy, slavocracy,

initially, settlers to:become citizens of Mexicoobey Mexican lawsconvert to Catholicism

after mass immigration, Mexico changes laws:suspend land grantsplace tariffs on goods from U.S.forbids slavery 1829

144. I can explain the primary motive behind the Texas Revolution.Texas Revolution 1836Texans claim no representation in Mexican government

tension over cultural differencesProtestant Anglo settlers vs. Catholic Hispanic MexicansEnglish vs. Spanish language

sugar/cotton farmersbrought slaves to TexasMexico abolishes slavery in 1829Texans revolt for independence - 1835

155. I can examine the ways in which the Texas Revolution impacted the conflict between the North and South.Extension of slaveryslavocracy in power in Southfeels itself a minority section of the nationbeing eclipsed by expansion of the North to the West Missouri Compromiseupset balance of slave/free statesNorth fears addition of slave state will tip balance in Senate in favor of slave statesif reversed, endangered ability of the South to defeat anti-slavery measures in the SenateTallmadge AmendmentFear of war with Mexico if annexed to the U. S.delays annexation 9 years166. I can assess the legitimacy of the Texas border dispute that led to the Mexican-American War.17

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6. I can assess the legitimacy of the Texas border dispute that led to the Mexican-American War.19

6. I can assess the legitimacy of the Texas border dispute that led to the Mexican-American War.20

6. I can assess the legitimacy of the Texas border dispute that led to the Mexican-American War.Prior to Texas Revolution border between Texas and Chihuahua was Nueces RiverTreaty of Velasco ending the Texas Revolution, Texans force Santa Anna to accept Rio Grande as border between Independent nation of Texas (the Lone Star Republic), and Mexicowith gun to his headunder duressmany argue Santa Anna, most if not all Mexicans, many in U.S., do not recognize Texas as independent as a result!Abraham Lincolns spot resolution

217. I can describe the role of President Polk in the Mexican-American War.James K. PolkPresident - 1845 1849Southern slaveholdersupported Manifest Destinyfavored annexation of Texas at the earliest practicable periodSlidell MissionJohn SlidellSpanish speaking emissarysent to Mexico by Polk to:purchase California and New Mexicoreach agreement on Rio Grande as border between United States and MexicoMission rejected by Mexican governmentU.S. insulted by treatment of SlidellMexico insulted by offer to purchase much of territory and by annexation of Texas and border dispute22

7. I can describe the role of President Polk in the Mexican-American War.Polk sends General Zachary Taylor into disputed territory between Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers and John C. Fremont into Californiaboth seen as violations by Mexicans of their territory

Mexico sends troops across Rio Grande River skirmish ensues at Matamoros Mexico11 U.S. soldiers deadPolk asks Congress for a declaration of war saying, American blood has been shed on American soil!Was Polk hoping for a conflict to justify war?

238. I can evaluate the political, economic, and social benefits of the Texas Revolution and Mexican-American War for the U.S..Political

Economic

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249. I can evaluate the political, economic, and social loses of the Texas Revolution and Mexican-American War for the U.S..Political

Economic

Social

2510. I can explain the events of the Mexican-American War.Two FrontsMexicoZachary Taylor defeats Santa Anna at Buena Vistain northern MexicoWinfield Scott conquers Veracruz and Mexico City

CaliforniaJohn C. Fremont leads military force to Salinas ValleyStephen Kearny marches from victory in New Mexico to CaliforniaAmerican settlers, led by Fremont, seize town of Sonoma and declare California independentBear Flag Republic2610. I can explain the events of the Mexican-American War.Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoFebruary 2, 1848Terms:Mexico accepts Rio Grande as the border between U.S. and MexicoMexico cedes territories of New Mexico and California to the United StatesU.S. agrees to pay $15 million for Mexican Cessionincludes present day states of California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, most of Arizona, parts of Colorado and WyomingGuaranteed Mexicans freedom of religion, protection of property, bilingual elections, and open borders2710. I can explain the events of the Mexican-American War.28

11. I can analyze the anti-war movement that occurred during the Mexican-American War.Abraham LincolnRobert Toombs29

11. I can analyze the anti-war movement that occurred during the Mexican-American War.U.S., increasingly divided by sectional rivalry the war was a partisan issue and an essential element in the origins of the American Civil War.

Abraham Lincolnquestioned the wars justificationspot resolution

Abolitionists & Antislavery Whigsa plot to extend slaveryensure Southern domination of the UnionWhig leader Robert Toombs of Georgia declared:This war is nondescript .... We charge the President with usurping the war-making power ... with seizing a country ... which had been for centuries, and was then in the possession of the Mexicans .... Let us put a check upon this lust of dominion. We had territory enough, Heaven knew.30

11. I can analyze the anti-war movement that occurred during the Mexican-American War.Charles SumnerJoshua Giddings31

11. I can analyze the anti-war movement that occurred during the Mexican-American War.Charles Sumnerthe lives of Mexicans are sacrificed in this cause; and a domestic question, which should be preserved for bloodless debate in our own country, is transferred to fields of battle in a foreign land.

Joshua Giddings led a group of dissenters in Washington D.C. He called the war with Mexico "an aggressive, unholy, and unjust war," and voted against supplying soldiers and weapons. He said:In the murder of Mexicans upon their own soil, or in robbing them of their country, I can take no part either now or here-after. The guilt of these crimes must rest on others. I will not participate in them.

3211. I can analyze the anti-war movement that occurred during the Mexican-American War.Henry David ThoreauDavid Wilmot33

11. I can analyze the anti-war movement that occurred during the Mexican-American War.Henry David Thoreau was jailed for his refusal to pay taxes to support the war, and penned his famous essay, Civil Disobedience

Wilmot Proviso 1846David WilmotPennsylvania Representativeaimed to prohibit slavery in new territory acquired from MexicoWilmot's proposal did not pass Congress, but it spurred further hostility between the factions3412. I can define popular sovereignty and explain its impact on the conflict between North and SouthPopular Sovereignty people power or, the sovereignty of the peoplethe principle that the legitimacy of the state is created and sustained by the will or consent of its people, who are the source of all political power

In Manifest Destiny the idea of allowing the people of a territory to decide for themselves to allow slavery to exist in their territory3512. I can define popular sovereignty and explain its impact on the conflict between North and SouthImpact Compromise of 1850popular sovereignty for Utah & New Mexico territoriesslavery not economically suitable so, little impact

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854popular sovereignty for Kansas & Nebraska territoriesimmigrants rush/sent to populate territories to effect outcomeproduces mini-Civil WarBleeding Kansas, Pottawatomie Creek Massacre, John Brown, the sack of Lawrence, etc so, significant impact

3613. I can describe the role of Harriet Tubman in the abolition movement.37

13. I can describe the role of Harriet Tubman in the abolition movement.38

13. I can describe the role of Harriet Tubman in the abolition movement.Harriet Tubman 1820 1913was an African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the Civil Warshe later helped John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferryin the post-war era, she struggled for womens suffrageborn into slavery Tubman escaped became a conductor on the Underground Railroadnetwork of antislavery activists and safe housesmade more than nineteen trips South to rescue more than 300 slavesincluding her own parentsfollowed the North Star over Ohio Rivergoal to reach Canada to ensure perpetual freedom3914. I can summarize the main message and describe the impact of Uncle Toms Cabin on the abolition movement.Harriet Beecher StoweUncle Toms Cabin 1852illustrated the evil and immorality of slaveryillustrated slavery's effect on familiesfamily members sold apart, husbands from wives, childrenhelped readers empathize with enslaved charactersslave Eliza flees across frozen Ohio River, clutching infant sonUncle Tom purchased by kindly Augustine St. Claredemonstrated worst evils of slaveryUncle Tom whipped to death by wicked Simon Legreewriting in the 1950s, poet Langston Hughes called the book a "moral battle cry for freedom."4014. I can summarize the main message and describe the impact of Uncle Toms Cabin on the abolition movement.41

14. I can summarize the main message and describe the impact of Uncle Toms Cabin on the abolition movement.ImpactNorthgalvanized the abolition movementabolitionists increase protests against Fugitive Slave Actpass personal liberty lawsdemanded that the US deliver on the promise of freedom and equalitycontributed to the outbreak of the Civil War"So you're the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war. Abraham LincolnSouthcondemned it as an attack on the Southstiffened Southern defense of slaveryclaimed that slavery was sanctioned in the Bibleclaimed it as a positive goodthat Tom was too noble a character and representative of the black raceaccused Stowe of fabricating unrealistic, one-sided images of Southern slavery4215. I can describe the role of John Brown in the abolition movement.43

15. I can describe the role of John Brown in the abolition movement.John Brown - 1800 1859an American abolitionist who used violent actions to fight slaverybegan to hate slavery when witnessed a white man beating a young slave with a shoveldevoted last 21 years of life to fighting for abolition

Pottawatomie Creek Massacre - 1856Brown's followers slaughter five pro-slavery menhacked off their hands, stabbed with broadswordscontributed to Bleeding Kansas4415. I can describe the role of John Brown in the abolition movement.Harpers Ferry Virginia 1859Led 18 men, black and white, to Harpers Ferry Va.planned to seize the federal arsenal theredistribute weapons to slaves in the areaincite a slave rebellion throughout the Southended with his capture (by Robert E. Lee)trial resulted in his conviction and a sentence of death by hanging

Effectssome sympathy in the Norththought of a martyr for cause of freedomterrified Southern whites who believed the North planned slave uprisings everywherehastened the Civil War4516. I can evaluate the outcome of the Dred Scott case and its impact on the conflict between North and South.Dred Scott - 1857Slave taken/lived in free states of Illinois and WisconsinConstitutional question?was he free when moved to free states?Roger TaneySCOTUS Chief Justicefrom Maryland, a slave stateCourt was pro-slaveryDecisionDred Scott not a citizen, but propertynon-citizens cannot sue in federal or any court!therefore, shouldnt have been a case, yet declared African-Americans to be an inferior class of beings, who had been subjugated by the dominant race, and, whether emancipated or not, yet remained subject to their authority. they were so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect.46

16. I can evaluate the outcome of the Dred Scott case and its impact on the conflict between North and South.ImpactNorthabolitionists outragedaids newly founded Republican Partyopposes slavery and its extension

Southjoy, celebrationindicates the government never able to restrict slavery or its extensioncontributes to split in Democratic Partyresults in Democratic Party becoming minority Party and loss in election of 1860

4716. I can evaluate the outcome of the Dred Scott case and its impact on the conflict between North and South.ImpactDred Scott is propertyrole of government is to protect propertygovernment cannot restrict where you can take your propertytherefore, Provision of Northwest Ordinance prohibiting slavery in the Northwest Territory (1787) is UNCONSTITUTIONAL!Compromise of 1820 is UNCONSTITUTIONAL!Compromise of 1850 is UNCONSTITUTIONAL!Concept of popular sovereignty is UNCONSTITUTIONAL!

4817. I can explain why the Republican Party chose Abraham Lincoln to be their candidate in the election of 1860.William H. SewardNew York Senatorleader of antislavery forces in Congresshuge financial support from political organizationsdesire to be center of attentionreferences to a higher law than the Constitutionan irrepressible conflict between North and SouthAbraham Lincolnrelatively unknown, appeared more moderate in viewsassured the South he would notdirectly or indirectly, interfere with their slaves or with them about their slaves.

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