Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations. To Be a Model Scientist … Use Models! Copyright ©...
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Transcript of Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations. To Be a Model Scientist … Use Models! Copyright ©...
To Be a Model Scientist … Use Models!
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Why do scientists use models and simulations?• Models and simulations help scientists understand
the world around them.
• A scientific model shows the structure of an object, a system, or a concept.
• Simulations use models to imitate the function, behavior, or process of whatever the models represent.
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Why do scientists use models and simulations?
• A difficult question is a question that cannot be answered by direct observation.
• Models and simulations can help answer difficult questions.
• Scientists use models to represent complex systems made up of many interacting parts.
• Data from simulations on a model building can help to produce an earthquake-resistant building design.
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Why do scientists use models and simulations?
• Modeling can separate good ideas from ideas that will never be developed.
• Models are used to make predictions that affect our everyday lives.
• Models are used to predict the weather, the path of storms, and solar activity.
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations
It’s a Matter of Scale
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
What are some types of physical models?
• A physical model represents the physical structure of an object or a system.
• Physical models often look and act like the object or system they represent.
• Scale is the relationship between the model’s measurements and the real object’s measurements.
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
What are some types of physical models?
• Models can be made to scale or life-sized.
• Scaled models are helpful for studying things too big or too small to study at their true size.
• A life-sized model is the same size as the real object it represents.
• These are useful for learning about human organs or fossils that are difficult to study in the natural world.
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations
What are some advantages and disadvantages of physical models?
• Physical models are often easier and less dangerous to work with than the objects they represent.
• Flight simulators on the ground train pilots to fly safely.
• Many physical models have limitations and do not behave exactly like the real thing would behave in its natural environment.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations
It’s All in the Numbers
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
What are some types of mathematical models?
• A mathematical model uses different forms of data to represent the way a system or process works.
• Mathematical models are made up of numbers and equations and are often used to predict future trends.
• Based on past data, populations tend to grow at a faster and faster rate. Such growth is called exponential.
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
What are some types of mathematical models?
• Chemical symbols from the periodic table are used to represent atoms in a chemical formula.
• The subscript shows how many of each atom are in a molecule. O2 = 2 Oxygen.
• The coefficient represents how many molecules there are.
• 6CO2 represents 6 carbon dioxide molecules.
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations
What are some advantages and disadvantages of mathematical models?
• Mathematical models are useful in making predictions.
• Computers are often essential when using mathematical models because they can process many variables quickly without human errors.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations
What are some advantages and disadvantages of mathematical models?
• Mathematical models are based on current data and might not be useful in the future.
• They sometimes exclude variables that might not have seemed important.
• Sometimes systems are too large and too complex for mathematical modeling. Oversimplifying can cause to misleading results.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations
What are some advantages and disadvantages of mathematical models?
• How could this graph be used to predict sunspot activity in 2020?
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Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations
It’s Kind of Abstract
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What are some characteristics of conceptual models?
• A conceptual model is a representation of how parts of a system are related or organized.
• A conceptual model can help predict the effect that changing one part of a system will have on the whole system.
• Conceptual models are also useful in identifying patterns and similarities for classifications.
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
What are some characteristics of conceptual models?
• Conceptual models are often used to represent processes that cannot be directly observed, like the rock cycle.
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
What are some characteristics of conceptual models?
• Conceptual models may not be able to take certain data or ideas into account.
• Models can be oversimplified and may not be a true representation of the complex relationships that exist in a system.
• This can lead to misconceptions and incomplete predictions.
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
How are simulations used?
• Simulations can test designs in a controlled environment.
• Complex technologies can be tested in a variety of environments before they are put to use, such as the Mars Exploration Rovers.
• During testing, design flaws can be found and corrected.
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
How are simulations used?
• Simulations can prevent costly and dangerous errors in design.
• Simulations can also predict future events.
• Astronauts train in an underwater environment that simulates the weightlessness of space.
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Models and Simulations