UNIT 2: INTERPERSONAL DYNAMICS & COMMUNICATIONSPrinciples of Health Science

Ms. Thieman

2012-2013

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define at least 10 words relating to the health care

worker’s characteristics and abilities Describe the relationship among values, attitudes, and

behavior. Describe the hierarchy of needs established by

Abraham Maslow. Identify at least five methods of maintaining good

personal health and professional appearance. Use problem-solving system to make a decision that

involves identification of alternatives, risks, and evaluation of the outcome.

Identify the elements of effective communication and at lest three factors that might interfere with it.

Describe at least one example of assertive communication that requests a change in behavior.

KEY TERMS

Attitude Behavior Biotechnology

Research & Development

Character Communication Critical Thinking Culture Diagnostic Services Diversity Habit

Health Informatics Hierarchy HIPAA Homeostasis Nonverbal Personality Support Services Therapeutic Services Value Verbal Virtue

INTERPERSONAL DYNAMICS (RELATING TO THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE) The health care worker must:

Be able to recognize and accept the values, attitudes, and beliefs unique to each person.

Be aware of the differences in culture and religion and how they affect the patient’s view of health.

Understand factors influencing cultural diversity (age, gender, education, religion, ethnicity, & national origin).

Follow guidelines that are sensitive to diverse beliefs.

Communicate effectively, provide leadership, and use technological equipment.

Maintain ethical code & be aware of legal considerations.

Be flexible to adapt to the changing industry of health care.

SELF-AWARENESS Understanding and accepting the self leads to development

of high self-esteem. Behaviors are the actions that reflect our attitudes or feelings

that result from our basic values or worth that we place on something.

Personality: the sum of the traits, characteristics, and behaviors that make each individual unique.

Behavior: the action of an individual seen by others. Habits: acts performed voluntarily without conscious

thought Attitudes: mental views or feelings formed by an individual

or group; formed from personal values. Values: make up the system each individual uses to measure

or evaluate the worth of ideas, people, and things in the world.

Character: sum of the behavior, attitudes, and values that a person exhibits.

HIERARCHY OF NEEDS Psychologist Abraham Maslow designed a hierarchy

of needs, which stated that more basic needs such as food and shelter must be met before higher-level ones such as self-esteem and the ability to help others can be met.

Helps us to understand behavior & motivation. A person strives to meet the most basic needs first. If needs at the lower level are not met, the higher

needs cannot be reached. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs has 5 levels:

Physiological Security and safety Love Self-Esteem Self-Actualization

PERSONAL HEALTH The World Health Organization (WHO) defines

health as a state of physical, mental & social well-being.

The foundation of good personal health is cleanliness: Oral hygiene- brushing & mouthwash. Hair care- shampoo, style away from face and off the

collar. Skin care- cleanse, exfoliate, deodorant/antiperspirant,

no perfume Nail care- clean, close trim, clear/no polish. Clothing- appropriate, clean & well fitting, minimal

jewelry, name pin. Foot care- clean, sturdy shoes low-heeled with closed

toes.

OTHER IMPORTANT FACTORS REGARDING PERSONAL HEALTH

NutritionExerciseSleepPostureEye careGood personal habits *First impressions are often based on personal

appearance; therefore, the appearance of the health care worker is essential because it represents the employer & the worker.

STRESS & TIME MANAGEMENT Health care is one of the most stressful occupations. Homeostasis: the self-regulating processes

of the body, including “fight or flight” reaction to stress. Our need to maintain a consistent internal environment in our body.

Stress: a result of attitudes that are formed from events that occur.

Methods to manage stress: Proper nutrition Exercise Relaxation techniques Personal behavior changes Time management!!!*Maximizes effectiveness & productivity.

PROBLEM SOLVING

One problem-solving model involves recognizing and describing the problem, brainstorming fro solutions, and choosing and implementing a solution, followed by evaluation of the results.

CRITICAL THINKING

SETTING GOALS

Setting both short-term and long-term goals increases the probability of accomplishing them.

Goals allow a person to establish step-by-step actions towards accomplishing something.

Keeping focused on goals helps one complete the action steps necessary to reach it.

Goals should be clearly defined, measurable, and tangible. State as a positive statement, not a negative

criticism. Defined specific and precise, with dates and

timelines. Set priorities for goals. Keep in written form. Make them realistic, and revise as needed.

LEADERSHIP By using teamwork, individuals can reach a goal

together through cooperation & division of tasks. Health care often consists of team-based

approaches, & the health care worker plays an important role in the organization by: Communicating clearly Competence The ability to work well with others

Responsibilities of leaders include: Making decisions & giving directions Communicating changes & serving as the role model Being open to listening to other members opinions Teaching skills, participating as members, or

evaluating

THE HEALTH CARE TEAM Characteristics of good team members include:

Works for consensus on decision Trusts co-workers Supports co-workers Displays genuine concern for others Takes responsibility for self and own actions Is a good listener and role model Respects and speaks positively about others Is tolerant of differences Solves problems without blaming Understands and supports team objectives Encourages feedback on behavior and

performance Does not participate in gossip Encourages other members

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=1qzzYrCTKuk PENGUINS

TEAMWORK

NATIONAL HEALTH CARE STANDARDS PATHWAYS

Diagnostic services- provide a picture of the patient’s health status and includes technicians in radiology, medical, dental laboratory, and cardiography.

Therapeutic services- provide treatment over time and include such providers as physicians, dentists, veterinarians, nurses, pharmacologists, and emergency personnel.

Health informatics- process data and provide documents, including administration, secretaries, and medical records personnel.

Support services- provide a supportive environment for the patient and include nutrition services, central supply, and facility management personnel.

Biotechnology research and development services- provide research in bioscience to develop new treatments, medications, and tests; professionals include biochemists, bioinfomatic scientists, cell biologists, and pharmaceutical scientists.

COMMUNICATION Sharing an idea or information, resulting in

understanding (reading, writing, hearing, touching,

seeing). Verbal Nonverbal

The goal of the health care worker’s communication to other members of the team is to convey information concisely and accurately.

Communication components: 7% is conveyed by words 38% by the tone of voice 55% by nonverbal behavior

Elements of effective communication: Sender Message Receiver

NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

Messages may be conveyed by: Eye and facial movement (oculesics) Personal appearance Gestures (kinesics) Spacing (proxemics) Timing and pace of speech (chronemics) Use of touch (haptics) Reaction to smells (olfactics) Pitch, inflection, tone and volume of voice***For there to be effective communication,

nonverbal and verbal messages to the patient should convey the same meaning.

BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Advising Closed-mindedness Commanding Distracting Judging Lecturing Moralizing Name calling Offering solutions Off-on listening (tuning

out) Ordering Preaching Prejudging Red-flag listening (reacting

to certain words)

Speaker-centeredness instead of subject-centeredness

Stereotyping Teaching Threatening Warning

ANY QUESTIONS???http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=the+evolution+of+dance&view=detail&mid=46626D22B3A1D6B5A9E946626D22B3A1D6B5A9E9&first=0&FORM=LKVR