Unit 16
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Transcript of Unit 16
Unit 16
Japan’s manufacturing beltJapan’s manufacturing belt
Where are the heavy industries in Japan?
Where are the heavy industries in Japan?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
The The Manufacturing Manufacturing BeltBelt
Stretching for about
1 000 km from
Tokyo along the
southern coast of
Honshu through the
Inland Sea to
Nagasaki in Kyushu.
Where are the heavy industries in Japan?
Where are the heavy industries in Japan?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
The Manufacturing BeltThe Manufacturing Belt
70% of Japan’s manufacturing by value and 58% of manufacturing employment are found.
The Manufacturing BeltThe Manufacturing Belt
70% of Japan’s manufacturing by value and 58% of manufacturing employment are found.
Where are the heavy industries Where are the heavy industries in Japan?in Japan?
Where are the heavy industries Where are the heavy industries in Japan?in Japan?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
The Manufacturing BeltThe Manufacturing Belt
1. Keihin on the Kanto Plain around Tokyo
Bay2. Chukyo on the Nobi Plain around Ise Bay
5. Kitakyushu in northern Kyushu
4. Setouchi around the Inland Sea
3. Hanshin on the Osaka Plain around Osaka Bay
Where are the heavy industries Where are the heavy industries in Japan?in Japan?
Where are the heavy industries Where are the heavy industries in Japan?in Japan?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
Keihin on the Kanto Plain around Tokyo Keihin on the Kanto Plain around Tokyo BayBayKeihin on the Kanto Plain around Tokyo Keihin on the Kanto Plain around Tokyo BayBayIt is also called Tokyo-Yokohama Region.
The heart of the zone is the Kawasaki and Yokohama harbour area, a large industrial belt along the northwestern shore of Tokyo Bay.
Factories have been built for the manufacture of such goods as automobiles, machinery, electrical equipment, textiles, and processed foods.
Where are the heavy industries Where are the heavy industries in Japan?in Japan?
Where are the heavy industries Where are the heavy industries in Japan?in Japan?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
Chukyo on the Nobi Plain around Ise BayChukyo on the Nobi Plain around Ise Bay Chukyo on the Nobi Plain around Ise BayChukyo on the Nobi Plain around Ise Bay
The industrial centre is in Nagoya.
Airline, railway, shipping, and highway connections are extensive.
Chukyo occupies an important place in Japan's industrial scene because of its high standing in the production of textiles, ceramics, and motor vehicles.
Where are the heavy industries Where are the heavy industries in Japan?in Japan?
Where are the heavy industries Where are the heavy industries in Japan?in Japan?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
Hanshin on the Osaka Plain around Osaka BayHanshin on the Osaka Plain around Osaka BayHanshin on the Osaka Plain around Osaka BayHanshin on the Osaka Plain around Osaka Bay
Bordered by Osaka Bay to the
southwest and bisected by the
Yodo River, the area consists
of a floodplain interspersed
with hills.
Produce iron and steel,
machinery, transport
equipment, and electrical
appliances.
Where are the heavy industries Where are the heavy industries in Japan?in Japan?
Where are the heavy industries Where are the heavy industries in Japan?in Japan?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
Setouchi around the Inland SeaSetouchi around the Inland Sea Setouchi around the Inland SeaSetouchi around the Inland Sea Most industrial activity occurs in cities located on the Inland Sea coast.
Railway, highway, and shipping connections in the area are extensive.
Chemical plants and heavy industries, including iron, steel, transport machinery, and petrochemicals were developed.
Where are the heavy industries Where are the heavy industries in Japan?in Japan?
Where are the heavy industries Where are the heavy industries in Japan?in Japan?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
Kitakyushu in northern KyushuKitakyushu in northern Kyushu Kitakyushu in northern KyushuKitakyushu in northern Kyushu
Kita-Kyushu is one of Japan's leading manufacturing centres and is the one in which heavy industry is most prominent.
It specializes in iron and steel, metal, heavy chemicals, cement, and glass.
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
Japan is a mountainous country with limited lowland.
Three major plains are: the Kanto Plain, the Nobi Plain and the Osaka Plain.
Kanto Plain is the most extensive lowland in Japan and constitutes the most productive and populous area of the country.
Kanto PlainInland
Sea
Nobi PlainOsaka Plain
Lowland areas
Hokkaido
Honshu
Shikoku
Kyushu
ReliefReliefReliefRelief
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
Reclamation can be carried out in the bays to provide new lands for further development.
ReliefReliefReliefRelief
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
LabourLabourLabourLabourBelow 100
101- 200
Over 200
Persons / km²
Kanto Plain
Nobi PlainOsaka Plain
Hokkaido
Honshu
Shikoku
Kyushu
Over 80% of Japan’s population live in urban cities most of which are found in southern Honshu.
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
MarketMarketMarketMarketA large population with a high living standard can mean a big local market for manufactured goods.
Over 5 million people
3-5 million people
1-3 million people
Hokkaido
Honshu
Shikoku
Kyushu
0.25-1 million people
Tokyo
Osaka
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
Household Income and Expenditure of Japan (1984-2000)Household Income and Expenditure of Japan (1984-2000)Household Income and Expenditure of Japan (1984-2000)Household Income and Expenditure of Japan (1984-2000)
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
TransportTransportTransportTransport
Land transport is very convenient in southern Honshu. Road and railway are well developed.
Commuter train
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
Sea TransportSea TransportSea TransportSea Transport
Shinkansen Big cities, also ports and industrial centres
Nagata
Takasaki
Tokyo
Nagoya
OsakaKobe
Fukuyama
KitakyushuFukuoka
Nagasaki
Shimonoseki
km
Coastal shipping
Export of products
Import of raw
materials
Ferry pier
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
Air Air TransportTransportAir Air TransportTransport
All Nippon Airways
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
Historical factorHistorical factorHistorical factorHistorical factorThe southern Honshu coastal areas and the areas around the Inland Sea have always been the most prosperous parts of Japan.
The region has been better developed socially and economically than other places in the country.
Kyoto
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Why do heavy industries Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing
Belt’?Belt’?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
Benefits from concentrationBenefits from concentration
The savings resulting from having a great variety of industries located together in one region are known as agglomeration economies.
1. Bulk purchasing of materials in large quantities means 1. Bulk purchasing of materials in large quantities means savings as the cost is cheaper.savings as the cost is cheaper.
2. It attracts a large labour force of many varied skills.2. It attracts a large labour force of many varied skills.
3. The supply of raw materials may be much easier. 3. The supply of raw materials may be much easier.
4. Educational institutions may exist to provide valuable 4. Educational institutions may exist to provide valuable services to the industries.services to the industries.
Japan’s manufacturing belt Benefits from Benefits from concentrationconcentrationBenefits from Benefits from concentrationconcentration
Demand and improvement of services and facilities
Starting pointStarting point
Certain geographical advantages e.g. coal deposit
More attractive to migrants and
new industries
Establishment of some industries
More population More factories
How industries How industries founded in a founded in a
region?region?
Should manufacturing activities Should manufacturing activities concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Belt’?concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Belt’?
Should manufacturing activities Should manufacturing activities concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Belt’?concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Belt’?
Japan’s manufacturing belt
The need for dispersionThe need for dispersionThe need for dispersionThe need for dispersion
1. Competition has raised the price of materials, land and labour
2. Congestion
3. Urban problems
Dispersion direction
How to solve?How to solve?
Dispersion of industries away from the
‘Manufacturing Belt’
Terms to learnTerms to learn Terms to learnTerms to learn
• Agglomeration economies ( 集聚經濟效益 ) -- the savings of industrial enterprises resulting from being located within an industrial region
• Konbinato (工業集聚 ) -- a Japanese term for the concentration of manufacturing industries
• Bulk purchase (整批購買 ) -- buying something in large quantities
Japan’s manufacturing belt